Everyday Words for Public Health Communication

Everyday Words for Public Health Communication

Capacity: what a person, group, or organization can achieve or do; size or what a physical space or thing, such as a program, can hold or manage
CDC Original Sentences:
A successful program assessment will highlight capacities within and surrounding the participating organization, target population, and problem.
The capacity of the radiology department is a major factor in determining a hospital's capacity to provide timely care for non-critical casualties.
Plain Language Sentences:
Information about how a program works and what it achieves will be useful if it includes what organizations and people can do about a problem.
The hospital radiology department's size affects how quickly it can provide care for people without life-threatening injuries.
Carcinogen: substance that causes cancer
CDC Original Sentences:
Wood dust, associated with cancers of the nasal cavities and sinuses, is a known carcinogen for unprotected workers exposed regularly from sanding operations and furniture manufacturing.
Plain Language Sentences:
Workers who breathe wood dust from sanding operations and furniture manufacturing can develop cancers in their noses and sinuses.
Carcinoma: cancer
CDC Original Sentences:
Common kinds of breast cancer are ductal carcinoma, the most common kind of breast cancer. It begins in the cells that line the milk ducts in the breast, also called the lining of the breast ducts.
Chronic HBV and HCV infections result in a high disease burden and are leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States and globally.
Plain Language Sentences:
A common kind of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, or cancer in the milk "tubes" or ducts in the breast. Carcinoma is the medical term for cancer. Cancer of the milk ducts begins in the cells inside the ducts.
HBV and HCV infections that last a long time result in a high number of people harmed by the disease. The infections are the leading causes of chronic liver disease and liver cancer in the United States and around the world.
NOTE: See "burden" for what else might be covered besides number of people harmed.
Case report: description of a patient's illness including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up
CDC Original Sentences:
They work with a variety of health care providers, including laboratories, hospitals, and private providers, to obtain case reports on many infectious and some non-infectious diseases.
Plain Language Sentences:
They work with different health care providers, including labs, hospitals, and private providers, to get descriptions of patients' sicknesses.
Case-control study: a study that compares people who have a sickness, medical or health condition, or injury to a group of people without the sickness, medical or health condition, or injury
CDC Original Sentences:
A recent case-control study published in the Journal of 21st Century Medicine reported that 80 out of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen at a university rheumatology referral center were found to carry the common variant C707T of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) gene (point mutation at position at 707).
Plain Language Sentences:
A recent study published in the Journal of 21st Century Medicine compared people with rheumatoid arthritis to people without it. The results show that 4 of 5 people with the sickness had a particular gene with a common and important difference-variant C707T of the rheumatoid arthritis gene.
NOTE: 80 of 100 reduced to 4 of 5 because smaller numbers are more concrete and easier to understand.
Cessation: quitting or stopping
CDC Original Sentences:
Smoking cessation has immediate as well as long-term benefits for you and your loved ones.
Plain Language Sentences:
Quitting smoking has immediate as well as long-term benefits for you and your loved ones.
See Also: Abstinence
Chronic disease, illness, or condition: a type of sickness that goes on for a long time and often doesn't go away completely. People's symptoms may be better or worse over time, and they may use treatments to control symptoms and feel better.
CDC Original Sentences:
Chronic diseases and conditions - such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and arthritis - are among the most common, costly, and preventable of all health problems. Half of all American adults have at least one chronic condition, and almost one in three have multiple chronic conditions.
Plain Language Sentences:
Chronic diseases-those that go on for a long time and often don't go away completely-are among the most common and costly health problems, and we often know how to prevent them. Examples of diseases that people live with for long periods, possibly a lifetime, are heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and arthritis. Three in six American adults have at least one chronic disease. Almost two in six adults have more than one chronic disease.
NOTE: Although "half" may be easy to understand, the original includes two proportions. Proportions converted to a common denominator to allow for easier comparison.
Contact: touch; get close to; be near; in the same area as; communicate with; a person who was close to someone who is or was sick
CDC Original Sentences:
Scabies usually is spread by direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with a person who has scabies.
Plain Language Sentences:
You can get scabies when your skin touches the skin of a person with scabies.
Contagious: when germs have the ability to spread from a person or animal to another person or animal
CDC Original Sentences:
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus. It spreads through saliva or mucus from the mouth, nose, and throat.
Plain Language Sentences:
Mumps is a sickness that can spread from one person to another. This can happen when spit or mucus from the sick person's mouth, nose, or throat gets into another person's body through their mouth, nose, or eyes.
Contaminated: dirty, unsafe, not clean
CDC Original Sentences:
When two or more people get the same illness from the same contaminated food or drink, the event is called a foodborne outbreak.
Plain Language Sentences:
A foodborne outbreak is when people get food poisoning after eating the same unsafe food.
Cumulative: combined or added over time
CDC Original Sentences:
The cumulative estimated number of persons with diagnosed HIV infection ever classified as stage 3 (AIDS) through 2012 in the United States was 1,194,039.
Plain Language Sentences:
CDC data shows that approximately 1,194,039 people in the U.S. ever diagnosed with HIV developed AIDS by the end of 2012.
If you do audience testing of these words or other public health or medical words, please send your results to the health literacy staff in CDC’s Office of Communications at clearcommunication@cdc.gov.