Sun Safety Facts

Overview

Spending time outside is a great way to be physically active and reduce stress. You can work and play outside without raising your skin cancer risk by protecting your skin from the sun.

Most skin cancers are caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. UV rays are an invisible kind of radiation that comes from the sun and tanning beds. UV rays can damage skin cells.

It's important to protect your skin from the sun all year, not just during the summer. The sun's UV rays can reach you on cloudy and cool days, and they reflect off of surfaces like water, cement, sand, and snow. In the continental United States, UV rays are strongest from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daylight saving time (9 a.m. to 3 p.m. standard time).

What You Need to Know about Sun Safety

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Too much sun can cause skin cancer. This video explains how to protect your skin from the sun.

How to protect your skin from the sun

Shade

You can reduce your risk of sun damage and skin cancer by staying in the shade under an umbrella, tree, or other shelter. Your best bet to protect your skin is to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing even when you're in the shade.

Clothing

When possible, wear long sleeves and long pants or skirts. If this type of clothing isn't practical, try to wear a T-shirt or a beach cover-up. Clothes made from tightly woven fabric offer the best protection. A wet T-shirt doesn't protect you as well as a dry one, and darker colors may protect more than lighter colors. Some clothing is certified to protect against UV rays.

Hat

For the most protection, wear a hat that has a brim all the way around that shades your face, your ears, and the back of your neck. A tightly woven fabric, such as canvas, works best. Avoid straw hats with holes that let sunlight through. A darker hat may offer more UV protection

If you wear a baseball cap, wear clothing that covers your ears and the back of your neck, use sunscreen, or stay in the shade.

Sunglasses

Sunglasses protect your eyes and the skin around your eyes from sun exposure.

Sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays offer the best protection. Most sunglasses sold in the United States, regardless of cost, meet this standard. Wrap-around sunglasses work best because they block UV rays from sneaking in from the side.

Sunscreen

Put on broad-spectrum sunscreen that filters out both UVA and UVB rays and has an SPF of 15 or higher before you go outside. Don't forget to put a thick layer on all exposed skin. Get help for hard-to-reach places like your back. And remember, sunscreen works best when combined with other options like protective clothing and hats.

Sunscreen is not recommended for babies who are 6 months old or younger. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends keeping infants out of the sun during midday and using protective clothing if they have to be in the sun.

SPF. Sunscreens are assigned a sun protection factor (SPF), which is a number that rates how well they filter out UV rays. A higher number indicates more protection. You should use a broad- spectrum sunscreen with SPF of 15 or higher.

Reapplication. Sunscreen wears off. Put it on again if you stay out in the sun for more than 2 hours and after swimming, sweating, or toweling off.

Expiration date. Check the sunscreen's expiration date. Sunscreen without an expiration date has a shelf life of no more than 3 years. Its shelf life is shorter if it has been exposed to high temperatures.

Sun Safety Tips Videos

Dawn Holman, a behavioral scientist at CDC, explains why the following actions are important to keep your skin safe from the sun.

• Use Sunscreen.
• Wear a Hat.
• Seek Shade.
• Wear Clothing that Covers.
• Plan Activities for Morning, Late Afternoon and Evening.

Sun safety tips for schools

Recess and other outdoor activities during the day can put students at risk if their skin isn’t protected from too much exposure to the sun. Teachers and school administrators can take steps to protect students from getting skin cancer later in life.

Increase shade

• Provide shade structures or trees.
• Move outdoor activities to shaded areas.
• Plan for shade when developing or renovating school buildings, playgrounds, or athletic fields.

Promote sun-safe behaviors

• Encourage students to wear hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen outdoors.
• Try to avoid scheduling outdoor activities during mid-day when the sun is strongest.
• Provide breaks during outdoor activities so that students can reapply sunscreen and get water.

Use proven educational programs

Child care centers and schools can use tested programs and teaching materials about sun safety. The National Cancer Institute's Evidence-Based Cancer Control Programs website lists sun-safety programs for schools.

Sun safety tips for employers

The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to minimize risk of harm to workers. Employers may be required to provide workers' compensation to employees who get skin cancer because of sun exposure on the job.

Skin cancer can greatly reduce workers’ productivity. Every year, Americans lose more than $100 million in productivity because of restricted activity or absence from work due to skin cancer.

Providing sun protection for outdoor workers helps create a healthy and safe workplace. It can also increase productivity, which saves money. Some of the tips below protect outdoor workers from heat as well as sun exposure. Learn more about sun exposure at work.

Increase sun protection for employees

• Encourage sun safety among your employees and provide sun protection when possible.
• Use tents, shelters, and cooling stations to provide shade at worksites.
• Schedule breaks in the shade and allow workers to reapply sunscreen throughout their shifts.
• Create work schedules that minimize worker's exposure to the sun and heat. For example, schedule outdoor tasks like mowing for early morning instead of noon, and rotate workers to reduce their UV exposure.

Add sun safety to workplace policies and training

• Include sun-safety information in workplace wellness programs. The National Cancer Institute's Evidence-Based Cancer Control Programs website lists sun safety programs for outdoor worksites.
• Teach outdoor workers about the risks of exposure to UV rays and the symptoms of overexposure.