People at Increased Risk for Listeria Infection

Purpose

Learn which groups of people have a greater chance of getting a harmful Listeria infection.

Pregnant person holding their stomach with their hand speaking to a doctor.

Overview

People who eat food contaminated with Listeria can get an infection.

Listeria infection is rare. But it can be especially harmful for some people, including

Other people can be infected with Listeria, but they usually do not become seriously ill.

Pregnant people and newborns

Every year in the United States, about 1 in 25,000 pregnant people are infected with Listeria.

Listeria can spread to your baby during pregnancy cause harm, even if you do not feel very sick. Sadly, 1 in 4 pregnant people who get this illness lose their pregnancy or their baby shortly after birth.

You can take steps to protect your baby.

Older adults

Every year in the United States, an estimated 1,600 people get sick from Listeria. More than half of all Listeria infections occur among people 65 years and older.

As you get older, your immune system has a harder time recognizing and getting rid of harmful germs, including Listeria. You also have less stomach acid, which can help kill germs.

Older adults with Listeria infection almost always have to be hospitalized. Sadly, 1 in 6 older adults with this infection die.

You can take steps to protect yourself.

People with weakened immunity

People with a weakened immune system are the group most likely to get a Listeria infection.

That is because your immune system isn't as able to recognize and get rid of harmful germs, including Listeria.

People with a weakened immune system make up 75% of all people with Listeria infection. Infection almost always leads to hospitalization. Sadly, 1 in 6 people in this group with Listeria infection die.

You likely have a weakened immune system if

  • A healthcare provider told you so.
  • You have a health condition, such as cancer, diabetes, liver or kidney disease, alcoholism, or HIV infection or AIDS.
  • You are on a treatment that make it more difficult for the body to fight off illness, such as steroids or chemotherapy.

You can take steps to protect yourself.