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Publications, Data, and Statistics

Below are publications, reports, recommendations, and other research focused on water-related hygiene.

Publication Highlights

Shragai T, Pratt C, Castro Georgi J, et al. (2022) Household characteristics associated with surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 and frequency of RT-PCR and viral culture positivity–California and Colorado, 2021. PLOS ONE 17(10): e0274946.

Shragai T, Pratt C, Castro Georgi J, et al. (2022) Household characteristics associated with surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 and frequency of RT-PCR and viral culture positivity–California and Colorado, 2021. PLOS ONE 17(10): e0274946.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Division of Viral Diseases. (Ed.). Science Brief: SARS-CoV-2 and Surface (Fomite) Transmission for Indoor Community Environments (2021)
Gharpure R, Hunter CM, Schnall AH, et al. Knowledge and Practices Regarding Safe Household Cleaning and Disinfection for COVID-19 Prevention — United States, May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:705–709.

Haston JC, Miller GF, Berendes D, et al. Characteristics Associated with Adults Remembering to Wash Hands in Multiple Situations Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, October 2019 and June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:1443–1449.
Czeisler MÉ, Garcia-Williams AG, Molinari N, et al. Demographic Characteristics, Experiences, and Beliefs Associated with Hand Hygiene Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 24–30, 2020 | MMWR (cdc.gov) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:1485–1491.
Leidman E, Hall NB, Kirby AE, et al. Adoption of Strategies to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19 During a Statewide Primary Election — Delaware, September 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:1571–1575.
Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, Cheng CK, Fung RO, Wai W, Sin J, Seto WH, Yung R, Chu DW, Chiu BC, Lee PW, Chiu MC, Lee HC, Uyeki TM, Houck PM, Peiris JS, Leung GM. Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(7):437-46.
Luby SP, et al. Difficulties in maintaining improved handwashing behavior, Karachi, Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81(1):140–5.
Jefferson T, Del Mar C, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Al-Ansary LA, Bahamdan SA, Bawazeer GA, van Driel ML, Foxlee R, Rivetti A. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review. BMJ 2009;339:b3675. DOI:10.1136/bmj.b3675.
Weber TP, Stilianakis NI. Inactivation of influenza A viruses in the environment and modes of transmission: a critical review. J Infect. 2008;57:361-373.
Ejemot RI, Ehiri JE, Meremikwu MM, Critchley JA. Hand washing for preventing diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;23(1):CD004265.
World Health Organization. Reducing excess mortality from common illnesses during an influenza pandemic: WHO guidelines for emergency health interventions in community settings. October 2008.
Jefferson T, Foxlee R, Del Mar C, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Hewak B, Prabhala A, Nair S, Rivetti A. Interventions for the interruption or reduction of the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006207. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub2.
Aledort JE, Lurie N, Wasserman J, Bozzette SA. Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:208.
Bowen A, et al. A cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a handwashing-promotion program in Chinese primary schools. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76(6):1166-73.
Luby SP, et al. Field trial of a low cost method to evaluate hand cleanliness. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12(6):765-71.
Luby SP, et al. Combining drinking water treatment and hand washing for diarrhoea prevention, a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11(4):479-89.
Rabie T, Curtis V. Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11(3):258-67.
Luby SP, et al . Effect of handwashing on child health: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9481):225-33.
Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford JM Jr. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(1):42-52.
Curtis V, Cairncross S. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(5):275-81.

CDC. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Respiratory Illness — Two Rural Counties, West Virginia, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(41):834-38.

CDC. Estimated burden of acute otitis externa — United States, 2003–2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:605-9.
Sopoh GE, Johnson RC, Chauty A, Dossou AD, Salmon J, Portaels F, Asiedu K. Buruli Ulcer Surveillance, Benin, 2003-2005 [PDF – 3 pages]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(9):1374-6.
Elmir SM, et al. Quantitative evaluation of bacteria released by bathers in a marine water. Water Research. 2007;41:3-10.
Edson RS, Terrell CL, Brutinel WM, Wengenack NL. Mycobacterium intermedium Granulomatous Dermatitis from Hot Tub Exposure. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(5):821-3.
Vugia DJ, Jang Y, Zizek C, Ely J, Winthrop KL, Desmond E. Mycobacteria in Nail Salon Whirlpool Footbaths, California. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(4):616-8.
CDC. Pseudomonas Dermatitis/Folliculitis Associated With Pools and Hot Tubs–Colorado and Maine, 1999-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49(48):1087-91.
CDC. Outbreak of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever at a Summer Camp — North Carolina, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992;41(19):342-4.
CDC. Cercarial Dermatitis Outbreak at a State Park — Delaware, 1991 MMWR. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.1992;41(14):225-8.
CDC.An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Folliculitis Associated with a Waterslide — Utah. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1983;32(32):425-7.
CDC. Staphylococcal Infections Among River Guides–Tennessee, South Carolina, and North Carolina. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1982;31(45):605-7.
CDC. Otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serotype 0:10 Associated with a Mobile Redwood Hot Tub System — North Carolina. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1982;31(40):541.
CDC. Cercarial Dermatitis among Bathers in California; Katayama Syndrome among Travelers to Ethiopia. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1982;31(32):435-8.

King JD, Ngondi J, Kasten J, Diallo MO, Zhu H, Cromwell EA, Emerson PM. Randomised trial of face-washing to develop a standard definition of a clean face for monitoring trachoma control programmes. T Roy Soc Trop Med. 2011;105(1):7-16.

Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Estupiñán-Day S, Baez R. Analysis of prevalence and trends of dental caries in the region of the Americas between the 1970s and 1990s. Int Dent J 1999;49(6):322–9.
Blicher B, Joshipura K, Eke PI. Validation of Self-reported Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. J Dent Research 2005;84(10):881–90.

Gormley FJ, Little CL, Chalmers RM, Rawal N, Adak GK. Zoonotic Cryptosporidiosis from Petting Farms, England and Wales, 1992–2009 [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(1).

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