About
Key Highlights
- During 2023–2024, the percentage of cases attributable to recent transmission among U.S.-born persons (33%) was nearly five times the percentage among non-U.S.–born persons (7%).
- The percentage of cases attributed to recent transmission decreased with increasing age, from 58% among children 0–4 years old to 4% among adults ≥65 years old.
- Higher percentages of cases attributable to recent transmission were observed among persons reporting substance use, homelessness, and incarceration.
Data Table
Characteristics of Tuberculosis Cases Estimated to be Attributed to Recent Transmission: United States, 2023–2024
| Characteristics | Total cases1 | Cases attributed to recent transmission2 | Cases not attributed to recent transmission | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | (%) | No. | (%) | ||
| Total | 14,648 | 1,804 | (12.3) | 12,844 | (87.7) |
| Origin of birth3 | |||||
| U.S-born | 3,105 | 1,023 | (32.9) | 2,082 | (67.1) |
| Non-U.S.–born | 11,468 | 772 | (6.7) | 10,696 | (93.3) |
| Unknown or missing | 75 | 9 | (12.0) | 66 | (88.0) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 5,266 | 599 | (11.4) | 4,667 | (88.6) |
| Female | 9,363 | 1,201 | (12.8) | 8,162 | (87.2) |
| Unknown or missing | 19 | 4 | (21.1) | 15 | (78.9) |
| Race and ethnicity4 | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 5,350 | 736 | (13.8) | 4,614 | (86.2) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 156 | 93 | (59.6) | 63 | (40.4) |
| Asian | 4,723 | 167 | (3.5) | 4,556 | (96.5) |
| Black or African American | 2,620 | 506 | (19.3) | 2,114 | (80.7) |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 245 | 81 | (33.1) | 164 | (66.9) |
| White | 1,210 | 193 | (16.0) | 1,017 | (84.0) |
| Multiple race | 185 | 16 | (8.6) | 169 | (91.4) |
| Other race | 116 | 8 | (6.9) | 108 | (93.1) |
| Unknown or missing | 43 | 4 | (9.3) | 39 | (90.7) |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| 0–4 | 147 | 85 | (57.8) | 62 | (42.2) |
| 5–14 | 179 | 66 | (36.9) | 113 | (63.1) |
| 15–24 | 1,666 | 290 | (17.4) | 1,376 | (82.6) |
| 25–44 | 4,791 | 697 | (14.5) | 4,094 | (85.5) |
| 45–64 | 3,837 | 489 | (12.7) | 3,348 | (87.3) |
| ≥65 | 3,993 | 174 | (4.4) | 3,819 | (95.6) |
| Unknown or missing | 35 | 3 | (8.6) | 32 | (91.4) |
| Disease site | |||||
| Pulmonary only | 10,981 | 1,427 | (13.0) | 9,554 | (87.0) |
| Extrapulmonary | 1,754 | 136 | (7.8) | 1,618 | (92.2) |
| Both | 1,872 | 238 | (12.7) | 1,634 | (87.3) |
| Unknown or missing | 41 | 3 | (7.3) | 38 | (92.7) |
| Sputum smear | |||||
| Positive | 7,515 | 941 | (12.5) | 6,574 | (87.5) |
| Negative | 5,812 | 684 | (11.8) | 5,128 | (88.2) |
| Not done | 1,094 | 143 | (13.1) | 951 | (86.9) |
| Unknown or missing | 227 | 36 | (15.9) | 191 | (84.1) |
| Cavitary disease5 | |||||
| Yes | 5,979 | 761 | (12.7) | 5,218 | (87.3) |
| No | 8,289 | 998 | (12.0) | 7,291 | (88.0) |
| Unknown or missing | 380 | 45 | (11.8) | 335 | (88.2) |
| Experiencing homelessness6 | |||||
| Yes | 1,006 | 201 | (20.0) | 805 | (80.0) |
| No | 13,400 | 1,587 | (11.8) | 11,813 | (88.2) |
| Unknown or missing | 242 | 16 | (6.6) | 226 | (93.4) |
| Excess alcohol use6 | |||||
| Yes | 1,150 | 253 | (22.0) | 897 | (78.0) |
| No | 13,245 | 1,526 | (11.5) | 11,719 | (88.5) |
| Unknown or missing | 253 | 25 | (9.9) | 228 | (90.1) |
| Injecting drug use6 | |||||
| Yes | 149 | 43 | (28.9) | 106 | (71.1) |
| No | 14,235 | 1,728 | (12.1) | 12,507 | (87.9) |
| Unknown or missing | 264 | 33 | (12.5) | 231 | (87.5) |
| Noninjecting drug use6 | |||||
| Yes | 1,175 | 379 | (32.3) | 796 | (67.7) |
| No | 13,213 | 1,393 | (10.5) | 11,820 | (89.5) |
| Unknown or missing | 260 | 32 | (12.3) | 228 | (87.7) |
| Current or former smoker7 | |||||
| Yes | 4,412 | 678 | (15.4) | 3,734 | (84.6) |
| No | 8,931 | 950 | (10.6) | 7,981 | (89.4) |
| Unknown or missing | 1,305 | 176 | (13.5) | 1,129 | (86.5) |
| Resident of correctional facility7 | |||||
| Yes | 413 | 98 | (23.7) | 315 | (76.3) |
| No | 13,996 | 1,683 | (12.0) | 12,313 | (88.0) |
| Unknown or missing | 239 | 23 | (9.6) | 216 | (90.4) |
| HIV status | |||||
| Positive | 635 | 93 | (14.6) | 542 | (85.4) |
| Negative | 12,664 | 1,576 | (12.4) | 11,088 | (87.6) |
| Refused | 178 | 18 | (10.1) | 160 | (89.9) |
| Not offered | 146 | 15 | (10.3) | 131 | (89.7) |
| Unknown, missing or indeterminate | 1,025 | 102 | (10.0) | 923 | (90.0) |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 3,652 | 310 | (8.5) | 3,342 | (91.5) |
| No | 10,871 | 1,486 | (13.7) | 9,385 | (86.3) |
| Unknown or missing | 125 | 8 | (6.4) | 117 | (93.6) |
| Non-HIV immunosuppression8 | |||||
| Yes | 1,132 | 99 | (8.7) | 1,033 | (91.3) |
| No | 13,155 | 1,679 | (12.8) | 11,476 | (87.2) |
| Unknown or missing | 361 | 26 | (7.2) | 335 | (92.8) |
| Multidrug-resistant TB9 | |||||
| Yes | 205 | 15 | (7.3) | 190 | (92.7) |
| No | 13,716 | 1,681 | (12.3) | 12,035 | (87.7) |
| Unknown or missing | 727 | 108 | (14.9) | 619 | (85.1) |
1Total number of M. tuberculosis genotyped cases eligible to be evaluated for recent transmission (i.e., complete data for the plausible-source case method).
2A case is attributed to recent transmission if a plausible source case can be identified in a person who had an M. tuberculosis isolate with the same wgMLSType that differed by ≤5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, had an infectious form of TB, was 10 years of age or older, resided within 100 miles of the case, and was diagnosed within 2 years before the case.
3Persons born in the United States, certain U.S. territories, or elsewhere to at least one U.S. citizen parent are categorized as U.S.-born. All other persons are categorized as non-U.S.–born.
4Persons who identified as Hispanic or Latino were categorized as "Hispanic," regardless of self-reported race. Persons who did not identify as Hispanic or Latino were categorized by self-reported race; if more than one race was reported, the person was categorized as "Multiple race."
5Evidence of cavitation on any chest imaging (X-ray, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], or positron emission tomography [PET]).
6Within 12 months prior to TB diagnostic evaluation.
7At the time of TB diagnostic evaluation.
8Includes tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) inhibitors, post-organ transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, and other immunosuppressive medical conditions such as malignancy.
9Starting in 2023, information on drug resistance included results of molecular drug susceptibility testing in addition to growth-based susceptibility testing for isoniazid and rifampin. An isolate is considered resistant to isoniazid or rifampin if either the growth-based test or molecular test detects resistance.
Notes
Data for all years are updated through July 10, 2025.