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About Pregnancy and Stroke

Key points

  • Stroke can happen to anyone at any time, even new moms.
  • Learn the key stroke symptoms.
Pregnant woman holding stomach

Overview

Stroke can happen to anyone at any time, even new moms. Learn more about the connection between pregnancy and stroke and what you can do to keep yourself and your baby healthy.

Learn the key stroke symptoms. Women may mistake their stroke symptoms for issues related to pregnancy and a new baby.

How common is stroke during or after pregnancy?

Stroke is not common in pregnancy or during the years women can have children. But pregnancy does put women at higher risk for stroke, and the rate of pregnancy-related stroke is rising.1

Signs and symptoms

Many women may mistake their stroke symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, or tingling arms, for issues related to pregnancy and a new baby. If your symptoms appear suddenly, that may be a clue that you are having a stroke.

Learn the key stroke symptoms:

  • Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.
  • Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech.
  • Sudden trouble seeing.
  • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination.
  • Sudden severe headache with no known cause.

If you notice any of these symptoms in yourself or another person, call 9-1-1 right away.

Risk factors

Pregnancy is like a stress test; it can strain the heart and blood vessels. This is partly because the body carries more weight during pregnancy, but changing hormones also play a role.1

Most women in the United States have healthy pregnancies and deliveries, but sometimes problems that increase the risk for stroke can happen. These problems including the following:

  • High blood pressure during pregnancy. Having high blood pressure during pregnancy is the leading cause of stroke in pregnant women or women who have recently given birth.1 High blood pressure happens in up to 12% of pregnancies in the United States.2 Some women who had healthy blood pressure levels before getting pregnant can develop high blood pressure during pregnancy.
  • Preeclampsia is a more severe type of high blood pressure during pregnancy. Preeclampsia can cause vision problems, headaches, swelling in the hands and face, premature delivery, and a baby with low birth weight. At its most severe, preeclampsia can cause seizures (eclampsia) and lead to stroke. Women who had preeclampsia have a much higher risk of having high blood pressure, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke later in life than women who did not have high blood pressure during pregnancy.3
  • Gestational diabetes. Some women suddenly develop problems with blood sugar (glucose) during pregnancy, a condition called gestational diabetes. This happens in as many as 1 in 10 pregnancies in the United States.3 Gestational diabetes raises the risk for high blood pressure during pregnancy and for heart disease and stroke later in life.4
  • Blood clots. Pregnancy makes the blood more likely to clot, which can lead to stroke. This increased risk for clotting happens in part because swelling from pregnancy can reduce blood flow to the lower legs. When blood does not circulate well, it is more likely to clot. During late pregnancy, the body also makes more of a substance that helps blood clot. This helps protect women from bleeding too much when they give birth, but it also raises the risk for stroke.4

Reducing risk

5 ways to keep yourself and your baby healthy during pregnancy

The best way to protect yourself and have a healthy pregnancy is to be in good health before you get pregnant.

  • Do not smoke. Using tobacco products before or during pregnancy raises the risk for stroke.3 If you don't smoke, don't start. If you do smoke, learn how to quit smoking.
  • Maintain a healthy weight. This will also help you have healthier blood pressure and blood sugar levels during pregnancy. When you get pregnant, aim to gain a healthy amount of weight. Learn more about healthy weight.
  • Choose healthy foods. An eating plan rich in whole grains, nuts, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables and low in sodium can support healthy blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
  • Stay physically active. Women with healthy pregnancies should get at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.5
  • Work with your health care team. Talk to your doctor about your risk for stroke or other problems during pregnancy. Your health care team will closely monitor your blood pressure and blood sugar throughout your pregnancy.

Treatment and recovery

What should I do if I think I or someone else is having a stroke?

If you think someone may be having a stroke, act F.A.S.T. and do the following test:

  • F—Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
  • A—Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
  • S—Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is the speech slurred or strange?
  • T—Time: If you see any of these signs, call 9-1-1 right away.

Note the time when any symptoms first appear. This information helps health care providers determine the best treatment for each person.

Do not drive to the hospital or let someone else drive you. Call 9-1-1 for an ambulance so that medical personnel can begin life-saving treatment on the way to the emergency room.

What CDC is doing

Resources

Keep Reading: About Women and Stroke
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Content Source:
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention
  1. Liu S, Chan W-S, Ray JG, Kramer MS, Joseph KS, Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System (Public Health Agency of Canada). Stroke and cerebrovascular disease in pregnancy: incidence, temporal trends, and risk factors. Stroke. 2019;50(1):13–20.
  2. Folk DM. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: overview and current recommendations. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018;63(3):289–300.
  3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Preeclampsia and pregnancy. Accessed December 16, 2020.
  4. George MG. Risk factors for ischemic stroke in younger adults: a focused update. Stroke. 2020;51(3):729–735.
  5. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans [PDF – 14.5 MB]. 2nd ed. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.