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Food Insecurity in a Sample of Informal Caregivers in 4 Southern US States

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Figure 1.

Association of caregiver status with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.

Association of caregiver status with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.
Characteristic Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) Pvalue
Caregiver status (reference: noncaregivers)
Yes 1.56 (1.30–1.87) <.01
Age, y (reference: 18–34 y)
35–64 0.70 (0.50–0.97) .03
≥65 0.28 (0.20–0.40) <.01
Sex (reference: male)
Female 1.52 (1.27–1.83) <.01
Race (reference: White)
Black 1.00 (0.82–1.23) .95
Hispanic 1.56 (0.79–3.06) .20
Other 1.65 (0.96–2.85) .07
Education (reference: college graduate)
High school or less 1.96 (1.53–2.49) <.01
Some college 1.64 (1.29–2.09) <.01
Marital status (reference: married/part of a couple)
Never married 1.41 (1.05–1.88) .02
Divorced/separated/widowed 1.13 (0.85–1.52) .40
Employment status (reference: employed)
Unable to work 2.67 (2.09–3.42) <.01
Not employed 1.01 (0.80–1.27) .95
Income, $ (reference: ≥$50,000)
<15,000 9.20 (6.59–12.85) <.01
15,000–34,999 4.90 (3.71–6.49) <.01
35,000–49,999 2.47 (1.81–3.38) <.01
State (reference: Tennessee)
Mississippi 1.03 (0.83–1.28) .78
Louisiana 1.11 (0.88–1.4) .37
Alabama 1.10 (0.87–1.38) .42
Health insurance (reference: no)
Yes 1.13 (0.95–1.34) .18
Residing in Metropolitan Statistical Area (reference: no)
Yes 0.68 (0.51–0.92) .01

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Figure 2.

Association of caregiver characteristics with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.

Association of caregiver characteristics with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.
Characteristic Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) Pvalue
Caregiving hours (reference: less than 40 h/wk)
40 hours or more per week 1.03 (0.67–1.57) .90
Relationship with care recipient (reference: parents/parent-in-law)
Child/grandchild 1.83 (0.99–3.39) .05
Spouse/partner 1.7 (1.02–2.85) .04
Other 1.1 (0.67–1.81) .71
Caregiving duration (reference: less than 6 months)
6 months up to 2 years 1.88 (1.12–3.16) .02
2 years or more 1.42 (0.89–2.25) .14
Needing caregiver support services (reference: no)
Yes 3.38 (2.19–5.21) <.001
Helping with activities of daily living (reference: no)
Yes 1.26 (0.85–1.91) .24
Helping with instrumental activities of daily living (reference: no)
Yes 1.13 (0.68–1.87) .65
Care recipient condition (reference: neurologic conditions)
Cancer 1.48 (0.74–2.97) .27
Musculoskeletal conditions 3.47 (1.52–7.91) .003
Metabolic/cardiovascular conditions 1.5 (0.83–2.71) .17
Other conditions 1.23 (0.76–1.97) .40
Age, y (reference: 18-34 y)
35–64 0.51 (0.27–0.96) .04
≥65 0.22 (0.11–0.44) <.001
Sex (reference: male)
Female 1.15 (0.76–1.73) .51
Race/ethnicity (reference: White)
Black 0.99 (0.64–1.54) .98
Hispanic 1.08 (0.27–4.23) .92
Other 0.51 (0.2–1.29) .15
Education (reference: college graduate)
High school 1.91 (1.21–3.02) .01
Some college 1.59 (0.97–2.60) .07
Marital status (reference: married/part of a couple)
Never married 1.18 (0.62–2.27) .61
Divorced/separated/widowed 1.65 (1.06–2.55) .03
Employment status (reference: employed)
Unable to work 2.3 (1.35–3.94) .002
Not employed 0.68 (0.42–1.09) .11
Income, $ (reference: ≥$50,000)
<15,000 11.61 (6.00–22.48) <.001
15,000–34,999 4.83 (2.88–8.08) <.001
35,000–49,999 2.29 (1.25–4.19) .007
State (reference: Tennessee)
Mississippi 0.9 (0.57–1.44) .67
Louisiana 1.58 (0.98–2.55) .06
Alabama 1.11 (0.68–1.81) .67
Insurance (reference: no)
Yes 0.76 (0.45–1.28) .30
Residing in Metropolitan Statistical Area (reference: no)
Yes 0.91 (0.65–1.29) .60

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