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Tin (organic compounds, as Sn)
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: Varies
NIOSH REL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA [skin]
Current OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA [skin]
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA, 0.2 mg/m3 STEL
Description of substance: Varies
Original (SCP) IDLH*: Unknown [*Note: “Effective” IDLH = 200 mg Sn/m3 — see discussion below.]
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: Patty [1963], Browning [1969], and Deichmann and Gerarde [1969] all indicated that the trialkyltin compounds are generally the most toxic of the organic tin compounds. The only available acute inhalation toxicity data on which to base an IDLH are given by NIOSH [1976] which cited the following mouse LCLO values for tri-n-butyltin iodide, triethyltin bromide, and tri-n-propyltin bromide, respectively: 1340 mg/m3, 1640 mg/m3, and 1650 mg/m3 [NDRC 1942]. The LCLO is the lowest concentration of a substance, other than an LC50 in air, that has been reported to cause death in man or to cause death in animals when they have been exposed for 24 hours or less. For this draft technical standard, however, respirators have been assigned on the basis of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device up to 2,000 ´ the OSHA PEL of 0.1 mg Sn/m3 (i.e., 200 mg Sn/m3); only the “most protective” respirators are permitted for use in concentrations exceeding 200 mg Sn/m3.
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50 | LCLo | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF) | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tri-n-butyltiniodide Mouse | NDRC 1942 | —– | 1,340 mg/m3 | 10 min | 263 mg Sn/m3 (0.69) | 26 mg Sn/m3 |
| TriethyltinbromideMouse | NDRC 1942 | —– | 1,640 mg/m3 | 10 min | 470 mg Sn/m3 (0.69) | 47 mg Sn/m3 |
| Tri-n-propyltin bromideMouse | NDRC 1942 | —– | 1,650 mg/m3 | 10 min | 412 mg Sn/m3 (0.69) | 41 mg Sn/m3 |
Lethal dose data:
| Species | Reference | Route | LD50(mg/kg) | LDLo(mg/kg) | Adjusted LD | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triphenyltinacetate
G. pig |
Klimmer 1971 | oral | 21 | —– | 43 mg Sn/m3 | 4.3 mg Sn/m3 |
| Triphenyltinacetate
Rabbit |
Perkow 1971/1976 | oral | 30 | —– | 61 mg Sn/m3 | 6.1 mg Sn/m3 |
| Triphenyltinacetate
Mouse |
Stoner 1966 | oral | 81 | —– | 164 mg Sn/m3 | 16 mg Sn/m3 |
| Triphenyltinacetate
Rat |
Hartel 1958 | oral | 125 | —– | 254 mg Sn/m3 | 25 mg Sn/m3 |
| Dimethyltin bis(isooctyl-mercaptoacetate)
Rat |
Hazleton 1972 | oral | 604 | —– | 903 mg Sn/m3 | 90 mg Sn/m3 |
| Tri-n-butyltin iodideRabbit | Akatsuka 1973 | oral | —– | 100 | 196 mg Sn/m3 | 20 mg Sn/m3 |
Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
| Revised IDLH: 25 mg Sn/m3Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for organic tin compounds is 25 mg Sn/m3 based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [NDRC 1942]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute inhalation toxicity data for workers. |
REFERENCES:
1. Akatsuka K [1973]. Tetraalkyl lead poisoning. Sangyo Igaku (Japanese Journal of Industrial Health) 15:3-66.
2. Browning E [1969]. Toxicity of industrial metals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, p. 291.
3. Deichmann WB, Gerarde HW [1969]. Tin. In: Toxicology of drugs and chemicals. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 591-592.
4. Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. [1972]. Acute oral administration — rats: DMT-IOMA, final report. Vienna, VA: Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. Submitted to Witco Chemical Company, Brooklyn, NY (August 16, 1972), pp. 1-5.
5. Klimmer OR [1971]. Pflanzenschutz und schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel: abriss einer toxikologie und therapy von vergiftungen. 2nd ed. Hattingen, Germany: Hundt-Verlag.
6. NDRC [1942]. National Defense Research Committee, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Progress Report — Toxicity Laboratory — University of Chicago (February 21, 1942), NDCrc-132, p. 5.
7. NIOSH [1976]. WH67400, Stannane, bromotriethyl-; WH67600, Stannane, bromotripropyl-; WH85800, Stannane, iodotributyl-. In: Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1976 ed. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-191, pp. 1099-1100.
8. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 1153.
9. Perkow W [1971/1976]. Wirksubstanzen der pflanzenschutz und schadlingsbekampfungsmittel. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey, 1971-1976 (in German).
10. Stoner HB [1966]. Toxicity of triphenyltin. Br J Ind Med 23:222-229.
11. Hartel K [1958]. Organic tin compound as a crop fungicide. Field trials in Germany. Tin and its uses 43:9-14.