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Thiram
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 137–26–8
NIOSH REL: 5 mg/m3 TWA
Current OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m3 TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 1 mg/m3 TWA
Description of substance: Colorless to yellow, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor.
LEL: . Unknown
Original (SCP) IDLH: 1,500 mg/m3
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH has been estimated from the rabbit oral LD50 of 210 mg/kg [Sakuramoto 1977 cited by NIOSH 1976]. Rats survived a 4-hour exposure to concentrations above 500 mg/m3 [Smyth 1937-1955 cited by ACGIH 1971].
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50 | LCLo | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF) | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | Marhold 1986 | 500 mg/m3 | —– | 4 hr | 1,000 mg/m3 (2.0) | 100 mg/m3 |
Lethal dose data:
| Species | Reference | Route | LD50(mg/kg) | LDLo(mg/kg) | Adjusted LD | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse | Arkhangel’skaya &Roshchina 1964 | oral | 1,350 | —– | 9,450 mg/m3 | 945 mg/m3 |
| Rabbit | Sakuramoto 1977 | oral | 210 | —– | 1,470 mg/m3 | 147 mg/m3 |
| Rat | Weiss and Orzel 1967 | oral | 560 | —– | 3,920 mg/m3 | 392 mg/m3 |
Other animal data: Rats have survived a 4-hr exposure to concentrations exceeding 500 mg/m3 [Smyth 1937-1955].
Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
| Revised IDLH: 100 mg/m3Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for thiram is 100 mg/m3 based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Marhold 1986]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute inhalation toxicity data for workers. |
REFERENCES:
1. ACGIH [1971]. Thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide). In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, p. 257.
2. ACGIH [1991]. Thiram. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 1545-1549.]
3. Arkhangel’skaya LN, Roshchina TA [1964]. Toxicological characterization of furfuramide, a new vulcanization accelerator. Gig Sanit 29(7):37-42 (translated).
4. Marhold J [1986]. Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie, Organicke Latky. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Avicenum, p. 1027 (in Czechoslovakian).
5. NIOSH [1976]. JO14000. Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)-. In: Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1976 ed. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-191, p. 462.
6. Sakuramoto Y [1977]. Potential health problems of latex products. Kabunshi Kankokai 26:361 (in Japanese).
7. Smyth HF Jr [1937-1955]. Unpublished work by Chemical Hygiene Fellowship, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, PA. [From ACGIH [1991]. Thiram. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 1545-1549.]
8. Weiss LR, Orzel RA [1967]. Some comparative toxicologic and pharmacologic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide as a pesticide solvent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 11:546-557.