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Xylidine
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 1300–73–8 (mixed isomers)
NIOSH REL: 2 ppm (10 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
Current OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (25 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
1989 OSHA PEL: 2 ppm (10 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.5 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) TWA [skin], A2
Description of substance: Pale-yellow to brown liquid with a weak, aromatic, amine-like odor.
LEL: . . 1.0% (10% LEL, 1,000 ppm)
Original (SCP) IDLH: 150 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the mouse 7-hour LC50 of 149 ppm [von Oettingen et al. 1947 cited by ACGIH 1971].
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50(ppm) | LCLo(ppm) | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF) | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mice (2,4-) | von Oettingen et al. 1947 | 149 | —– | 7 hr | 358 ppm (2.4) | 36 ppm |
Lethal dose data:
| Species | Reference | Route | LD50(mg/kg) | LDLo(mg/kg) | Adjusted LD | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rabbit | Deichmann & Gerarde 1969 | oral | —– | 600 | 833 ppm | 83 ppm |
| Rat | Treon et al. 1949 | oral | —– | 610 | 847 ppm | 85 ppm |
| Rat (2,3-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 930 | 1,292 ppm | 129 ppm |
| Mouse (2,3-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 1,070 | 1,486 ppm | 149 ppm |
| Rat (2,4-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 470 | 653 ppm | 65 ppm |
| Mouse (2,4-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 250 | 347 ppm | 35 ppm |
| Rat (2,4-) | Lindstrom et al. 1969 | oral | —– | 1,259 | 1,749 ppm | 175 ppm |
| Rat (2,5-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 1,300 | 1,806 ppm | 181 ppm |
| Mouse (2,5-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 840 | 1,167 ppm | 117 ppm |
| Rat (2,6-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 1,230 | 1,708 ppm | 171 ppm |
| Mouse (2,6-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 710 | 986 ppm | 99 ppm |
| Rat (2,6-) | Short et al. 1983 | oral | —– | 1,050 | 1,458 ppm | 146 ppm |
| Rat (3,4-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 810 | 1,125 ppm | 113 ppm |
| Mouse (3,4-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 710 | 986 ppm | 99 ppm |
| Rat (3,5-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 710 | 986 ppm | 99 ppm |
| Mouse (3,5-) | Vernot et al. 1977 | oral | —– | 420 | 583 ppm | 58 ppm |
Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
| Revised IDLH: 50 ppmBasis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for xylidine is 50 ppm based on acute toxicity data in animals [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969; Treon et al. 1949; Vernot et al. 1977; von Oettingen et al. 1947]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers. |
REFERENCES:
1. ACGIH [1971]. Xylidine. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 282-283.
2. Deichmann WB, Gerarde HW [1969]. Xylidine (aminodimethylbenzene). Toxicology of drugs and chemicals. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., p. 637.
3. Lindstrom HV, Bowie WG, Wallace WG, et al. [1969]. The toxicity and metabolism of mesidine and pseudodocumidine in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 167:223. [From ACGIH [1991]. Xylidine. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 1743-1745.]
4. Short CR, King C, Sistrunk PW, Kerr KM [1983]. Subacute toxicity of several ring-substituted dialkylanilines in the rat. Fundam Appl Toxicol 3(4):285-292.
5. Treon JF, Deichmann WB, Sigmon HE, Wright H, Witherup SO, Heyro FF, Kitzmiller KV, Kelnan C [1949]. The toxic properties of xylidine and monomethylaniline. I. The comparative toxicity of xylidine and monomethyaniline when administered orally or intravenously to animals or applied upon their skin. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 31:1-18.
6. Vernot EH, MacEwen ID, Haun GG, Kinkead ER [1977]. Acute toxicity and skin corrosion data for some organic and inorganic compounds and aqueous solutions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 42(2):417-423.
7. von Oettingen WF, Neal PA, Sievers RF, Svirbely JL, Monaco AR, Horecker BL, Yagoda H, Sweeney TR, Peterson DC, Alford WC, Hauff VB, Gay H [1947]. Xylidine (c,c-dimethylaniline): its toxicity and potential dangers as compared with those of aniline and an appraisal of the potential hazards from its use in blending gasoline. NIH Bulletin 188:88.