Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-
RTECS #
KJ2975000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
133.40
Molecular Formula
C2H3Cl3
Synonyms
1,1,1-TCE
1,1,1-Trichloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,1-Trichloraethan (German)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (DOT:OSHA)
1,1,1-Tricloroetano (Italian)
Aerothene TT
alpha-T
alpha-Trichloroethane
Analytical grade 1,1,1-trichloroethane
CF 2
Chloroethene (inhibited)
Chloroform, methyl-
Chlorothene
Chlorothene NU
Chlorothene SM
Chlorothene VG
Chlorten
Ethana NU
F 140a
HCC 140a
ICI-CF 2
Inhibisol
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform (ACGIH:OSHA)
Methylchloroform
Methyltrichloromethane
NCI-C04626
RCRA waste number U226
Solvent 111
Tafclean
Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane (French)
Trichloroethane
Trichloromethylmethane
1,1,1-Trichloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,1-Trichloraethan (German)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (DOT:OSHA)
1,1,1-Tricloroetano (Italian)
Aerothene TT
alpha-T
alpha-Trichloroethane
Analytical grade 1,1,1-trichloroethane
CF 2
Chloroethene (inhibited)
Chloroform, methyl-
Chlorothene
Chlorothene NU
Chlorothene SM
Chlorothene VG
Chlorten
Ethana NU
F 140a
HCC 140a
ICI-CF 2
Inhibisol
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform (ACGIH:OSHA)
Methylchloroform
Methyltrichloromethane
NCI-C04626
RCRA waste number U226
Solvent 111
Tafclean
Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane (French)
Trichloroethane
Trichloromethylmethane
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /man | 450 ppm/8H | BJIMAG 28,286,1971 | |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg | mild | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 |
| eye /rabbit | 2 mg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,94,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 5 gm/12D- intermittent | mild | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 |
| skin /rabbit | 20 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,94,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 160 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 500 mg/L | PMRSDJ 1,195,1981 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 5350 mg/L | MUREAV 397,271,1998 |
| morphological transform | embryo/rat | 99 µmol/L | ITCSAF 14,290,1978 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 20 mg/L | CALEDQ 28,85,1985 |
| morphological transform | kidney/hamster | 562 mg/L | PMRSDJ 1,626,1981 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 100 µL/plate | EVSRBT 25,75,1982 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) | TECSDY 15,101,1987 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 31300 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 12(Suppl 13),103,1988 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 2100 ppm/6H (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JTEHD6 9,251,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | 7000 ppm/3H (13-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 21,699,1999 |
| oral/rat | 43 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | TJADAB 29(2),25A,1984 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 21390 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3720 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10938 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1190 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 4.83 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10.55 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3.6 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 6.09 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7.35 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.7 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 3,145,1989 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 3,145,1989 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 4.63 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.33 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.1 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.5 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.3 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 3 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.68 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 5.5 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| inhalation/cat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 24400 mg/m3 | GISAAA 35(8),127,1970 | |
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/1H | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 11000 mg/m3/5M | Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 2730 mg/m3/7H | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Headache | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 5440 mg/m3/15M | Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGH* -,376,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 27200 mg/m3/5M | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,376,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 920 ppm/70M | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4H | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Irritability | ATSUDG 5,96,1982 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | IAEHDW 72,485,1999 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 350 ppm | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | WEHRBJ 10,82,1973 |
| inhalation/monkey | Lethal concentration: >5000 ppm/7H | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Ataxia | AIHOAX 1,225,1950 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 mg/m3/1H | Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 mg/m3/5H | Behavioral: Tremor | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 7031 ppm/30M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TXAPA9 193,9,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 ppm/30M | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TXAPA9 193,9,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 ppm/30M | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TXAPA9 193,9,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/40M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | JTEHD6 60,331,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29492 ppm/10M | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/30M | Behavioral: Ataxia | TOSCF2 56,365,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 ppm/30M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOSCF2 56,365,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 45000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,374,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 65000 mg/m3/2H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGH* -,374,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3911 ppm/2H | Behavioral: Excitement | SAIGBL 13,226,1971 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 pph/4H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGH* -,374,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,374,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 ppm/7H | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 72000 mg/m3/16M | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,375,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 98000 mg/m3/5H | VCVGH* -,375,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (20 percent kill): 31000 mg/m3 | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 17000 ppm/4H | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 14250 ppm/7H | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20000 ppm/2H | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/40M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTEHD6 60,331,2000 |
| intraperitoneal/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3100 mg/kg | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | TXAPA9 10,119,1967 |
| intraperitoneal/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.1 mL/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | TXAPA9 279,103,2014 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.9 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.8 mL/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3593 mg/kg | ENVRAL 40,411,1986 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 95 mg/kg | HBTXAC 5,72,1959 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 750 mg/kg | FMCHA2 -,C310,1991 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 670 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Gastrointestinal: Other changes | NTIS** PB257-185 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5000 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6 gm/kg | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GNAMAP 29,45,1990 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5660 mg/kg | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9600 mg/kg | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GNAMAP 29,45,1990 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 gm/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TOSCF2 60,363,2001 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10.3 gm/kg | ENTOX* -,380,2005 | |
| skin/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7000 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 15800 mg/kg | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kg | Behavioral: Sleep Behavioral: Ataxia | JPETAB 123,224,1958 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kg | VCVGH* -,374,1990 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | HBTXAC 5,72,1959 | |
| unreported route/human | lowest published lethal dose: 0.7 mL/kg | VCVGH* -,376,1990 | |
| unreported route/human | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGH* -,376,1990 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1H/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/7H/29D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | AIHOAX 1,225,1950 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/7H/58D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | AIHOAX 1,225,1950 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/2H/3W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | NEZAAQ 18,175,1963 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/1H/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | AIHAAP 19,353,1958 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1200 ppm/30D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | PHTOEH 67,384,1990 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8004 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | NTIS** OTS0557868 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 319 gm/kg/13W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTPTR* NIH-00-4402 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45 gm/kg/9D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOSCF2 60,363,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | TOSCF2 60,363,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 109 gm/kg/13W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | NTPTR* NIH-00-4402 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 350 ppm;short term exposure limit 450 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 20,515,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,881,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 20,515,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,881,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,881,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FAZMAE 18,365,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EATR** EB-TR-75047 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,32,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 39,678,1993 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,380,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,683,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NCLNA* 16,503,1998 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,68,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,247,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,262,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,161,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 100 ppm (555 mg/m3);KZW 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 555 mg/m3 (100 ppm);short term exposure limit 1110 mg/m3 (200 ppm), JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 100 ppm (550 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), VLE 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 555 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1110 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2450 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2460 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 125 ppm (680 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 50 ppm (270 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 350 ppm (1910 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2455 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 300 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1400 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 90 ppm (500 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 555 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE-air | ceiling concentration 350 ppm/15M | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 46970; Number of Industries 417; Total Number of Facilities 120527; Number of Occupations 243; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2528300; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 762399 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 46970; Number of Industries 412; Total Number of Facilities 109850; Number of Occupations 205; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1511801 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264396) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian micronucleus | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-3,1977 |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549 | |
| NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978 | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (post peer review), October 2000 | |
| NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #14 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health