2,3-Butanedione
RTECS #
EK2625000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
86.10
Molecular Formula
C4H6O2
Synonyms
2,3-Butadione
2,3-Diketobutane
Biacetyl
Diacetyl
Dimethyl diketone
Dimethylglyoxal
Glyoxal, dimethyl-
2,3-Diketobutane
Biacetyl
Diacetyl
Dimethyl diketone
Dimethylglyoxal
Glyoxal, dimethyl-
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | moderate | FCTXAV 17,765,1979 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | other cell types/mouse | 200 mg/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step) | FCTOD7 46,2928,2008 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 1 mg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 67,367,1979 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 1500 mg/kg | JJCREP 76,809,1985 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 94.0 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 24.4 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1729.5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3773.2 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1611.8 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 138.8 µg/mL/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 103 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 11 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 530 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 199,51,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 530 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 199,51,2010 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 198.4 ppm/6H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 78,438,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 294.6 ppm/6H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 78,438,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 294.6 ppm/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOPADD 36,330,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 224 ppm/1H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TOPADD 36,330,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 198.4 ppm/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TOPADD 36,330,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 356 ppm/1H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOPADD 36,330,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 92.9 ppm/15M | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | TOPADD 36,330,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation | FCTXAV 7,571,1969 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 990 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | FCTXAV 2,327,1964 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3000 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,448,1994 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1580 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | FCTXAV 2,327,1964 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5 gm/kg | FCTXAV 17,765,1979 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 90,210,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 48600 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells | FCTXAV 7,571,1969 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 48600 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | VCVGK* -,448,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.01 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.02 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 199,203,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 388,15,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 388,21,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,285,2010 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis studies; selected, October 2000 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health