Styrene, alpha-methyl-

RTECS #

WL5075300

CAS #

98-83-9
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2018

Molecular Weight

118.19

Molecular Formula

C₉H₁₀

Synonyms

1-Methyl-1-phenylethylene
2-Phenylpropene
2-Phenylpropylene
alpha-Methyl styrene
alpha-Methyl styrene (ACGIH:OSHA)
alpha-Methyl styrene, fume
alpha-Methylstyreen (Dutch)
alpha-Methylstyrene
alpha-Methyl-styrol (German)
alpha-Metil-stirolo (Italian)
as-Methylphenylethylene
Benzene, (1-methylethenyl)-
beta-Phenylpropene
beta-Phenylpropylene
Isopropenil-benzolo (Italian)
Isopropenyl-benzeen (Dutch)
Isopropenyl-benzol (German)

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	91 mg	mild	AMIHAB 14,387,1956
skin /rabbit	100%	moderate	AMIHAB 14,387,1956

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
sister chromatid exchange	lymphocyte/human	330 µmol/L	MUREAV 116,379,1983

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.04 gm/m³/1H		TPKVAL 6,6,1964
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm		28ZRAQ -,131,1960
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVGH* -,203,1990
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Other eye effects	AMIHAB 14,387,1956
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 gm/m³/2H	Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver: Fatty liver degeneration	TPKVAL 6,6,1964
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 gm/m³	Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other	TPKVAL 6,6,1964
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm		28ZRAQ -,131,1960
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4500 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	GISAAA 28(12),14,1963
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50000 mg/kg		VCVGH* -,203,1990
oral/mouse	lowest published lethal dose: 3000 mg/kg	Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	TPKVAL 6,6,1964
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4900 mg/kg		AMIHAB 14,387,1956
skin/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 16 mL/kg		UCDS** 5/24/1977

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/7H/24W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	VCVGH* -,203,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/7H/24W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	VCVGH* -,203,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m³/6H/22W- intermittent	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	GISAAA 28(12),14,1963
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m³/24H/13W- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Other changes	GISAAA 31(2),3,1966
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.025 gm/m³/91D- intermittent	Liver: Liver function tests impaired	TPKVAL 6,6,1964
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.025 gm/m³/213D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Changes in spleen	TPKVAL 6,6,1964
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.025 gm/m³/183D- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria	TPKVAL 6,6,1964
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg/30D- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	GISAAA 29(4),24,1964
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	VCVGH* -,203,1990
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg/30D- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count	GTPZAB 23(6),38,1979
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 10.01 gm/kg/2W- intermittent	Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function	ARTODN 79,346,2005

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 101,347,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2B	IMEMDT 101,347,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 659,248,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 55,596,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 31,347,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 55,205,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 55,43,2009

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD	air-ceiling concentration 100 ppm (480 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,170,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 50 ppm (242 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (483 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 50 ppm (246 mg/m³);KZW 100 ppm (492 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 50 ppm (246 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 100 ppm(492 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 50 ppm (240 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC	time-weighted average 246 mg/m³ (50 ppm);short term exposure limit 492 mg/m³ (100 ppm), JUN2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 50 ppm (250 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (490 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 50 ppm (240 mg/m³), VLE 100 ppm (492 mg/m³), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 50 ppm (250 mg/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 246 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 492 mg/m³, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 50 ppm (240 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (492 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 50 ppm (240 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (485 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 50 ppm (240 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (485 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 50 ppm (242 mg/m³); short term exposure limit 100 ppm (483 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 50 ppm (240 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 50 ppm (242 mg/m³); short term exposure limit 100 ppm (483 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 5 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 20 ppm (98 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (245 mg/m³), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 50 ppm (250 mg/m³), KZG-week 100 ppm (500 mg/m³), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 100 ppm (480 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 240 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 50 ppm (246 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (491 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	ceiling concentration 100 ppm (480 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	ceiling concentration 100 ppm (480 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	ceiling concentration 100 ppm (480 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	ceiling concentration 100 ppm (480 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO alpha-METHYLSTYRENE-air	10H time-weighted average 50 ppm;short term exposure limit 100 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code M1533; Number of Industries 3; Total Number of Facilities 354; Number of Occupations 4; Total Number of Employees Exposed 3214
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code M1533; Number of Industries 20; Total Number of Facilities 1933; Number of Occupations 32; Total Number of Employees Exposed 24824

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9275
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, aromatic, 1501
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 2000

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health