Sodium azide

RTECS #

VY8050000

CAS #

26628-22-8; 12136-89-9
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2018

Molecular Weight

65.02

Molecular Formula

N₃Na

Synonyms

Azide, sodium
Azoture de sodium (French)
Azydek sodu (Polish)
Kazoe
Natriumazid (German)
Natriummazide (Dutch)
NCI-C06462
Nemazyd
NSC 3072
RCRA waste number P105
Smite
Sodium azide (ACGIH)
Sodium, azoture de (French)
Sodium, azoturo di (Italian)
U-3886

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
DNA Damage	leukocyte/human	3 mmol/L	MUREAV 468,93,2000
DNA Damage	mammary gland/human	5.2 mg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 588,47,2005
DNA inhibition	HeLa cell/human	30 mmol/L	CRNGDP 13,2389,1992
DNA inhibition	fibroblast/human	50 mg/L	STBIBN 78,165,1980
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	5 gm/L	MUREAV 119,135,1983
Dominant Lethal Test	oral/other insects	100 mg/L	EXPEAM 37,824,1981
heritable translocation test	oral/other insects	100 mg/L	EXPEAM 37,824,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	liver/rat	1 mmol/L	MUREAV 77,293,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	500 mg/L/2H	MUREAV 59,61,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lung/hamster	1 mmol/L	MUREAV 77,293,1980
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.5 µg/plate/44H	FCTOD7 40,105,2002
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 µg/plate/3H (-enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 40,1,2002
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 µg/plate/20M (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 494,41,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.5 µg/plate/90M (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 490,45,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 µg/plate/20M (+enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 37,324,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.5 µg/plate/24H (+/-enzymatic activation step)	BECTA6 65,691,2000
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.5 µL/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	VHTODE 42,77,2000
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	10 mg/L/48H	MUREAV 520,161,2002
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	10 µg/well/12H	MUREAV 520,161,2002
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.5 µg/plate/2D (+/-enzymatic activation step)	BECTA6 65,691,2000
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	20 mg/L/72H (-enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 36,52,2000
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.01 mg/plate/3D	MUREAV 521,19,2002
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.0025 mg/plate/45M (-enzymatic activation step)	TCMUD8 22,285,2002
mutation in microorganisms	mammary gland/Salmonella typhimurium	5 µg/plate/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 41,43,2003
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.02 µmol/plate/72H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 558,93,2004
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 µg/plate/24H (-enzymatic activation step)	TCMUD8 23,137,2003
mutation in microorganisms	embryo/Salmonella typhimurium	0.5 µg/plate/72H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 561,101,2004
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	5 µg/plate/48H	MUTAEX 15,317,2000
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.1 gm/L (+enzymatic activation step)	DCTODJ 27,157,2004
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.1 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step)	DCTODJ 27,157,2004
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	440 nmol/L/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	ARTODN 77,298,2003
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	160 mg/L/2H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	90 mg/L/2H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.15 µmol/plate/73H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 629,122,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	0.66 mg/L/16H	MUTAEX 20,105,2004
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	2.5 mg/L/18H (+/-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 653,63,2008
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.25 µg/plate/30M (-enzymatic activation step)	CPBTAL 55,1635,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.25 µg/plate/2D (-enzymatic activation step)	JTSCDR 33,621,2008
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.5 µg/plate/72H (-enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 48,3481,2010
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.5 µg/plate/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 50,790,2012
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	0.02 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 782,1,2015
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.1 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 782,1,2015
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.8 µg/plate/3D (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 782,9,2015
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.5 µg/plate	JOETD7 148,99,2013
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.5 mg/L/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 810,1,2016
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	5 µg/plate/66H (+enzymatic activation step)	JOETD7 192,302,2016
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	5 µg/plate/66H (-enzymatic activation step)	JOETD7 192,302,2016
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.38 mg/L	FCTOD7 111,393,2018
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.5 µg/plate/48H	FCTOD7 113,218,2018
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1.6 mg/L/65H (-enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 57,687,2016
mutation in microorganisms	/Other microorganisms	600 ppm (-enzymatic activation step)	POASAD 34,114,1953
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	30 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 9(Suppl 9),1,1987
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	150 nmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 3,11,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	33300 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 6(Suppl 2),1,1984
mutation in microorganisms	/Euglena gracilis	5 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step)	TCMUD8 5,329,1985
phage inhibition capacity	/Escherichia coli	1100 ng/well	MUREAV 260,349,1991
specific locus test	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	500 µmol/L	MUREAV 389,157,1997

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	177.5 mg/kg (6-19D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	RTOPDW 52,158,2008

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2730 mg/kg/78W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	JJIND8 67,75,1981
oral/rat	toxic dose: 5460 mg/kg/78W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	JJIND8 67,75,1981

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/jax	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	NRTXDN 51,27,2015
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 106 µmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.	TIVIEQ 2,1,1988
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1538 µmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.	TIVIEQ 2,1,1988
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 85 µmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 2,1,1988
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1500 µmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 2,1,1988
In Vitro/nzx	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.4 pph/18H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 25,1596,2011
In Vitro/pax	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	NRTXDN 51,27,2015
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 32400 µg/m³	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi	STGNBT -,173,1999
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 37 mg/m³	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi	STGNBT -,173,1999
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 28 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	JIHTAB 30,98,1948
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg		PHRPA6 58,607,1943
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 3 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	VCVN5* -,25,1993
intratracheal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 47.5 mg/kg		VCVN5* -,26,1993
intratracheal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 47500 µg/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	MEPAAX 12,427,1961
intravenous/monkey	lowest published lethal dose: 12 mg/kg	Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	BRAIAK 95,505,1972
intravenous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 19 mg/kg		CLDND*
oral/human	lowest published toxic dose: 710 µg/kg	Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	JCPAAK 28,350,1975
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kg	Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Irritability	JTCTDW 24,339,1986
oral/man	lowest published toxic dose: 129 µg/kg	Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Changes in spleen	YAKUD5 40,1407,1998
oral/man	lowest published toxic dose: 1143 µg/kg	Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes	BJIMAG 39,308,1982
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 29 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	MTAEEB 4,219,1989
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 129 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Cardiac: Other changes	JATOD3 20,134,1996
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 27 mg/kg		USXXAM #6365129
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 27 mg/kg		FMCHA2 -,C32,1991
oral/wild bird	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23700 µg/kg		AECTCV 12,355,1983
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	JTCTDW 45,810,2007
oral/woman	lowest published lethal dose: 14 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: Change in force of contraction	JFSCAS 35,193,1990
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg	Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea	ATXKA8 20,279,1965
oral/woman	lowest published lethal dose: 786 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)	MTAEEB 4,219,1989
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg		FMCHA2 -,C32,1991
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg		STGNBT -,173,1999
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23060 µg/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	MEPAAX 12,427,1961
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23 mg/kg		VCVN5* -,26,1993
subcutaneous/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 17 mg/kg		ATXKA8 22,160,1966
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 45 mg/kg		VCVN5* -,26,1993
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 45100 µg/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	MEPAAX 12,427,1961
unreported route/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 27 mg/kg		BJCAAI 6,160,1952

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/5D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	VCVN5* -,25,1989
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/30D- intermittent	Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase	STGNBT -,173,1999
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic dose: 45500 µg/kg/26W- intermittent	Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition	STGNBT -,173,1999
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 81250 µg/kg/13W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight	TOXID9 5,195,1985
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 87.5 mg/kg/5D- intermittent	Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	RTOPDW 52,158,2008
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5150 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Blood: Leukemia Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** PB92-135615
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2575 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** PB92-135615
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5206 mg/kg/39D- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	PHRPA6 58,607,1943
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 81250 µg/kg/13W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight	NTPTR* NTP-TR-389,1991
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-389,1991
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 740 mg/kg/74D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	MEPAAX 12,427,1961

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 0.29 ppm;ceiling concentration 0.11 ppm (N3H vapor)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 613,17,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 635,90,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		IJTOFN 22,175,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,60,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 658,28,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 22,161,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 21,225,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,671,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 752,99,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NRTXDN 33,1473,2012

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	ceiling concentration 0.11 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 0.1 mg/m³;KZW 0.3 mg/m³, skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³;short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, skin, JUN2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 0.1 mg/m³, VLE 0.3 mg/m³, Skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 0.2 mg/m³, inhal, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	ceiling concentration 0.11 ppm (0.29 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³; short term exposure limit 0.29 mg/m³, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³;short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.2 mg/m³, KZG-week 0.4 mg/m³, inhal, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³;short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m³, skin, OCT2007

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO SODIUM AZIDE, as HN3-air	ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 68820; Number of Industries 19; Total Number of Facilities 3640; Number of Occupations 27; Total Number of Employees Exposed 54959; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 38370
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 68820; Number of Industries 13; Total Number of Facilities 877; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 5953

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vitro cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-forward mutation; S cerevisiae-reversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);no evidence:rat
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 13, 1976
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID211

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health