Phthalic acid, dibutyl ester
RTECS #
TI0875000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
278.38
Molecular Formula
C16H22O4
Synonyms
Benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid di-n-butyl ester
Celluflex DPB
DBP (ester)
Dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dibutyl o-phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate (ACGIH:OSHA)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-butylester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Elaol
Ergoplast FOB
Genoplast B
Hatcol DBP
Hexaplas M/B
Kodaflex DBP
Monocizer DBP
n-Butylphthalate
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
Palatinol C
Polycizer DBP
PX 104
RCRA waste number U069
Staflex DBP
Unimoll DB
Vestinol C
Witcizer 300
Celluflex DPB
DBP (ester)
Dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dibutyl o-phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate (ACGIH:OSHA)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-butylester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Elaol
Ergoplast FOB
Genoplast B
Hatcol DBP
Hexaplas M/B
Kodaflex DBP
Monocizer DBP
n-Butylphthalate
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
Palatinol C
Polycizer DBP
PX 104
RCRA waste number U069
Staflex DBP
Unimoll DB
Vestinol C
Witcizer 300
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/hamster | 30 mg/L/24H | MUREAV 48,337,1977 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/non-mammalian species | 0.1 µmol/L/3H | MUTAEX 14,375,1999 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 10 nmol/L/24H | FCTOD7 105,73,2017 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 216 µmol/L/60M | EMMUEG 35,9,2000 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 354 mmol/L/60M | TCMUD8 21,189,2001 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 354 mmol/L | MUREAV 467,21,2000 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 354 mmol/L | MUREAV 467,21,2000 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 100 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | JTEHD6 16,61,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 1017 mg/kg (5-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 305 mg/kg (5-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 6 gm/kg (3-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 6 mL/kg (3-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| oral/rat | 11.2 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| oral/rat | 77.5 gm/kg (17W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| oral/rat | 2.3 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| oral/rat | 66 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| oral/rat | 651 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| oral/rat | 651 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| oral/rat | 3500 mg/kg (12-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 16,10,2002 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 16,10,2002 |
| oral/rat | 16.5 gm/kg (7-22D preg/17D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | JJTHEC 65(A),813,2002 |
| oral/rat | 5500 mg/kg (7-17D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | REPTED 17,475,2003 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) | TOSCF2 73,431,2003 |
| oral/rabbit | 5600 mg/kg (15-29D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOSCF2 72,301,2003 |
| oral/rat | 28 gm/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | REPTED 18,35,2004 |
| oral/rat | 600 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | REPTED 18,1,2004 |
| oral/mouse | 7200 mg/kg (1-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | OEKSDJ 8,29,1977 |
| oral/mouse | 8640 mg/kg (1-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | EVHPAZ 45,65,1982 |
| oral/mouse | 20 gm/kg (6-13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TCMUD8 7,29,1987 |
| oral/mouse | 16800 mg/kg (7D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Other effects on male | TOLED5 5,413,1980 |
| oral/guinea pig | 14 gm/kg (7D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOLED5 11,141,1982 |
| oral/rat | 24 gm/kg (20D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | WDZAEK 3,153,1989 |
| oral/rat | 6750 mg/kg (0-8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | CGANE7 39,189,1999 |
| oral/rat | 2250 mg/kg (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TXCYAC 86,163,1994 |
| oral/rat | 2520 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | TXAPA9 26,253,1973 |
| oral/rat | 8820 mg/kg (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TOLED5 69,197,1993 |
| oral/rat | 19 gm/kg (3-22D preg/3-20D after birth) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOSCF2 43,47,1998 |
| oral/rat | 1500 mg/kg (15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | JJATDK 17,223,1997 |
| oral/rat | 6750 mg/kg (0-8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | REPTED 14,13,2000 |
| oral/rat | 23 mg/kg (15-22D preg/15D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXCYAC 203,221,2004 |
| oral/rat | 230 mg/kg (15-22D preg/15D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 203,221,2004 |
| oral/rat | 1164 mg/kg (75D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXCYAC 205,131,2004 |
| oral/rat | 4850 mg/kg (75D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TXCYAC 205,131,2004 |
| oral/rat | 270 mg/kg (12-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,281,2005 |
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (10-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 78,118,2004 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 3500 mg/kg (13-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 3000 mg/kg (14-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (15-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 2000 mg/kg (16-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 1500 mg/kg (17-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (18-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 500 mg/kg (19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 78,188,2004 |
| oral/rat | 3000 mg/kg (12-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 78,190,2004 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 78,282,2004 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | TOXID9 78,282,2004 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TOXID9 1,72,2001 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOXID9 60,216,2001 |
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOXID9 90,316,2006 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 240,86,2007 |
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXCYAC 232,286,2007 |
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TXCYAC 232,286,2007 |
| oral/rat | 1250 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TXCYAC 232,286,2007 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TXCYAC 232,286,2007 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | TXCYAC 232,286,2007 |
| oral/rat | 83 gm/kg (129D pre-15D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | 80 gm/kg (61D male/61D pre-15D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | 53.5 gm/kg (94D pre-15D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | 60.5 gm/kg (132D prior to copulation/1-13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | 121 gm/kg (132D prior to copulation/1-13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | TOPADD 31,397,2003 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TOPADD 31,397,2003 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOPADD 31,397,2003 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOPADD 32,79,2004 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOPADD 32,79,2004 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (15-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (16-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (16-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (17-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (17-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (18-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (19-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (14-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BDERB* 74,277,2005 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TERP1* -,297,2004 |
| oral/rat | 900 mg/kg (13-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 -,10,2008 |
| oral/rat | 4500 mg/kg (13-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 -,10,2008 |
| oral/rat | 500 mg/kg (19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXCYAC 255,80,2009 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TOXID9 -,32,2009 |
| oral/mouse | 2500 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | TOXID9 -,352,2009 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TOXID9 -,354,2009 |
| oral/rat | 4000 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TOXID9 -,354,2009 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TXCYAC 260,120,2009 |
| oral/rat | 900 mg/kg (12-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | REPTED 29,99,2010 |
| oral/rat | 3000 mg/kg (12-20D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | REPTED 29,99,2010 |
| oral/rat | 4656 mg/kg (12-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | BDERB* 86,345,2009 |
| oral/rat | 3100 mg/kg (12D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TXCYAC 262,215,2009 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 26,107,2008 |
| oral/rat | 5950 mg/kg (12-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TXCYAC 290,322,2011 |
| oral/rat | 5950 mg/kg (12-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TXCYAC 290,322,2011 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 293,53,2012 |
| oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | TXCYAC 386,19,2017 |
| oral/rat | 5950 mg/kg (12-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOLED5 282,37,2018 |
| oral/mouse | 46200 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ENVRAL 22,245,1980 |
| oral/rat | 2 gm/kg (15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratio | TOSCF2 45,212,1998 |
| oral/rat | 1.5 gm/kg (15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TOSCF2 45,212,1998 |
| oral/rat | 501 mg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | PHTOEH 89,104,2001 |
| unreported route/rat | 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 -,117,2009 |
| unreported route/rat | 1000 mg/kg (16-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 42,176,1998 |
| unreported route/rat | 1000 mg/kg (15-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,113,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | 1000 mg/kg (16-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,113,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | 1000 mg/kg (17-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,113,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | 1000 mg/kg (18-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,113,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | 1000 mg/kg (19-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,113,2005 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 219 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors | TIHEEC 25,189,2009 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 38,41,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 466 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 38,41,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 104 µmol/L/24H | Endocrine: Other changes | TIVIEQ 38,41,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 65,105,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 26.91 µmol/L/2H | Endocrine: Other changes | TIVIEQ 40,66,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 40,66,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 282,37,2018 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TOLED5 282,37,2018 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | RTOPDW 55,188,2009 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 µmol/L/3H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 29,2001,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 µmol/L/5M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,2001,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 186 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | RTOPDW 55,188,2009 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1000 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 105,73,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 nmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 105,73,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 94.9 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | JOETD7 135,492,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 71.2 mg/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | JOETD7 135,492,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 105,34,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | FCTOD7 105,34,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 105,34,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 65,105,2014 |
| In Vitro/jqa | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 150 µmol/L/24H | Endocrine: Other changes | FCTOD7 96,107,2016 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | FCTOD7 105,34,2017 |
| In Vitro/mtj | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 245,86,2016 |
| In Vitro/mtj | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 245,86,2016 |
| In Vitro/mtj | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 245,86,2016 |
| In Vitro/mtj | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TOLED5 245,86,2016 |
| In Vitro/pph | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/5H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JOETD7 176,402,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/8H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 36,210,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 36,210,2016 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 25 gm/m3 | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchiolar constriction, including asthma | ENTOX* -,1,2005 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 25 gm/m3/2H | 85GMAT -,44,1982 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4250 mg/m3 | GTPZAB 17(8),26,1973 | |
| intramuscular/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >8 gm/kg | 14CYAT 2,1904,1963 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3570 mg/kg | JSCCA5 28,667,1977 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4 gm/kg | ENTOX* -,1,2005 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3050 µL/kg | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 720 mg/kg | KEKHB8 (3),19,1973 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 gm/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Withdrawal Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GTPZAB 24(3),25,1980 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | SMWOAS 84,1243,1954 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5 gm/kg | GISAAA 39(4),86,1974 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3474 mg/kg | WDZAEK 5,264,1991 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7499 mg/kg | WDZAEK 5,264,1991 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2394 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOLED5 138,215,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TPKVAL 15,123,1979 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >20 mL/kg | UCDS** 12/29/1971 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 6 gm/kg | 85GMAT -,44,1982 | |
| Tank with water/Alga | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/L/96H | Aquatic organism effects: Growth retardation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | AQUTO* 191,122,2017 |
| Tank with water/Alga | lowest published toxic concentration: 4 mg/L/24H | Aquatic organism effects: Growth retardation | AQUTO* 191,122,2017 |
| Tank with water/Alga | lowest published toxic concentration: 4 mg/L/96H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | AQUTO* 191,122,2017 |
| Tank with water/Alga | lowest published toxic concentration: 8 mg/L/96H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | AQUTO* 191,122,2017 |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8140 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | GISAAA 55(6),86,1990 |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9410 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | GISAAA 55(6),86,1990 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 900 mg/m3/6H/35D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Blood: Normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GTPZAB 17(8),26,1973 |
| intramuscular/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 151200 mg/kg/18W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB85144798 |
| intramuscular/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 151200 mg/kg/18W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | NTIS** #PB85144798 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4557 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 77469 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 77469 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | NTIS** #PB92111996 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12 mL/kg/7D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8750 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning | FCTOD7 105,34,2017 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1750 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | FCTOD7 105,34,2017 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 175 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | FCTOD7 94,221,2016 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | FCTOD7 94,221,2016 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 219 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TIHEEC 25,189,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 219 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TIHEEC 25,189,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 54600 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTPTR* NIH-95-3353 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 17000 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 207,149,2005 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 33600 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TOSCF2 72,301,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3750 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction | TOSCF2 69,92,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7500 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction | TOSCF2 69,92,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15000 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TOSCF2 69,92,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 18,35,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1680 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic alkalosis | REPTED 18,35,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | REPTED 18,35,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | TOXID9 44,113,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 27300 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 203,41,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91000 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 204,109,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 38850 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TXCYAC 205,103,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4000 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 78,282,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 33012 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 213,13,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 90,219,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TXCYAC 234,103,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXCYAC 234,103,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3750 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 232,286,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 96 gm/kg/192D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 121 gm/kg/145D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60.5 gm/kg/145D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight | TOSCF2 93,189,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11250 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight | REPTED 14,13,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13500 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Endocrine: Estrogenic | REPTED 14,13,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4500 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 14,13,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6750 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | REPTED 14,13,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ATSUDG 4,452,1980 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 96750 mg/kg/45D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | GISAAA 33(6),102,1968 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | NTIS** OTS0530401 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg/4D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 41,609,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 27300 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Normocytic anemia | NTPTR* NIH-95-3353 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22750 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 26,253,1973 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7500 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ARTODN 64,148,1990 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 gm/kg/10D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JJTHEC 65,813,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 gm/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JJTHEC 65,813,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | FCTOD7 42,107,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | FCTOD7 42,107,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | FCTOD7 42,107,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8000 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | EVHPAZ 111,139,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXAPA9 248,28,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXAPA9 248,28,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4500 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 248,28,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FCTOD7 71,26,2014 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1750 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOLED5 245,86,2016 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 17,177,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2500 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | JTPAE7 17,177,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 625 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | JTPAE7 17,177,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTSCDR 33,299,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26000 mg/kg/65D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TOXID9 -,354,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/9D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | BCLPT* 100,43,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 26,107,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic | TXCYAC 314,65,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | TXCYAC 314,65,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | TXCYAC 314,65,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight | TXCYAC 314,65,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTEHF8 67,2045,2004 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 54,1,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 4,3,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ESKHA5 (93),1,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JACTDZ 4(3),267,1985 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FAATDF 13,747,1989 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 197,178,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 20,441,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BPCEM* 16,105,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,258,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IJTOFN 24,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 36,695,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 22,291,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 17,495,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 53,90,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,231,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,363,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,118,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 285,83,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 34,298,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 764-765,36,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 201,152,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 202,36,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 41,112,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 261,227,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 36,17,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 271,336,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 271,349,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETOX* 48,21,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 55,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 57,579,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 265,106,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENVIN* 94,758,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,251,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,270,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* 3,75,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 5 mg/m3, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 5 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 0.05 ppm (0.58 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-INDIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 5 mg/m3, s2 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 10 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.05 ppm (0.58 mg/m3), KZG-week 0.1 ppm (1.16 mg/m3), inhal, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DIBUTYL PHTHALATE-air | 10H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 80248; Number of Industries 199; Total Number of Facilities 31502; Number of Occupations 138; Total Number of Employees Exposed 512631; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 198249 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 80248; Number of Industries 192; Total Number of Facilities 28100; Number of Occupations 114; Total Number of Employees Exposed 258823 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/2001/109104/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro SCE-nonhuman | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae-reversion | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Dibutyl phthalate, 5020 | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 2000 | |
| NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-30, October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #104 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health