Phosgene

RTECS #

SY5600000

CAS #

75-44-5
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

98.91

Molecular Formula

CCl₂O

Synonyms

Carbon dichloride oxide
Carbon oxychloride
Carbone (oxychlorure de) (French)
Carbonic chloride
Carbonio (ossicloruro di) (Italian)
Carbonyl chloride (DOT:OSHA)
Carbonyl dichloride
Carbonylchlorid (German)
CG
Chloroformyl chloride
Fosgeen (Dutch)
Fosgen (Polish)
Fosgene (Italian)
Koolstofoxychloride (Dutch)
NCI-C60219
Phosgen (German)
Phosgene (ACGIH:OSHA)
RCRA waste number P095

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Human, endothelium	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 16 ppm/8M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TOLED5 244,21,2016
In Vitro/Human, lung	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 16 ppm/8M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TOLED5 244,21,2016
In Vitro/Human, lung tumor	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 ppm/20M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases	TIVIEQ 25,2080,2011
In Vitro/Human, lung tumor	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 ppm/20M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases	TIVIEQ 25,2080,2011
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 190 mg/m³/15M		85GMAT -,99,1982
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 ppm/5M		TABIA2 3,231,1933
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm/30M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	29ZWAE -,207,1968
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 ppm/5M		AEPPAE 138,65,1928
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	Lowest published lethal concentration: 11 mg/m³/30M		TABIA2 3,231,1933
inhalation/man	Lowest published lethal concentration: 360 mg/m³/30M		85GMAT -,99,1982
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.065 gm/m³/30M	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	TPKVAL 5,123,1963
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 32 mg/m³/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	TOXID9 78,145,2004
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 32 mg/m³/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight	TOXID9 66,144,2002
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 32 mg/m³/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight	TOXID9 66,193,2002
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 21 mg/m³/60M		HPV338 -,-,2003
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 0.05 gm/m³/2H		TPKVAL 9,7,1967
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12.35 ppm/2H		TPKVAL 9,7,1967
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 37 mg/m³/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Other changes	INHTE5 15,663,2003
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 244 mg/m³/10M		HPV338 -,-,2003
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 47 mg/m³/30M		HPV338 -,-,2003
inhalation/pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 2443 mg/m³/10M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight	JJATDK 22,263,2002
inhalation/pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 24430 mg/m³/10M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis	JAPTO* 22,263,2002
inhalation/pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 24430 mg/m³/10M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	JAPTO* 22,263,2002
inhalation/pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 24430 mg/m³/10M	Vascular: Structural changes in vessels	JAPTO* 22,263,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 ppm/10M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 ppm/1H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.08 ppm/4H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.04 ppm/8H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/m³/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	INHTE5 15,687,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.25 ppm/4H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TIHEEC 17,285,2001
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 ppm/6H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TIHEEC 17,285,2001
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.065 gm/m³/30M	Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Liver: Other changes	TPKVAL 5,123,1963
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 49 mg/m³/60M		HPV338 -,-,2003
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 84 mg/m³/30M		HPV338 -,-,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 32 mg/m³/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	INHTE5 15,687,2003
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 334 mg/m³/10M		HPV338 -,-,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/30M	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	TXCYAC 310,104,2013
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/30M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 315,17,2014
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 8 ppm/30M	Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Cardiac: Change in rate Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight	TXCYAC 326,109,2014
multiple/mouse	lowest published lethal dose: 9 ppm/20M		TOLED5 244,8,2016
multiple/mouse	lowest published lethal dose: 10 ppm/20M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	TOLED5 244,21,2016

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppb/6H/4W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight	FAATDF 37,54,1997
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppb/4H/17D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases	JTEHD6 19,413,1986
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppb/6H/12W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	FAATDF 37,54,1997
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1.0 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TIHEEC 17,285,2001
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/12H/12W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)	TIHEEC 17,285,2001
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 ppm/4W- continuous	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight	HPV338 -,,2003

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ANAEA3 35,165,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		AEHLAU 28,272,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CPEMM* 3,239,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DIMON* 46,551,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,661,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTCWA* 2,321,
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CCACL* 21,719,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 198,297,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VETODR ,215,2018

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,208,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 0.06 ppm (0.25 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³);KZW 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	short term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC	time-weighted average 0.08 mg/m³ (0.02 ppm);short term exposure limit 0.4 mg/m³ (0.1 ppm), JUN2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³), ceiling concentration 0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VLE 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³), VLE 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 0.1 ppm (0.41 mg/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 0.08 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.4 mg/m³, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.05 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 0.06 ppm (0.25 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1.5 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	ceiling concentration 0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m³), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.1 ppm (0.41 mg/m³), KZG-week 0.2 ppm (0.82 mg/m³), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.08 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.1 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 0.02 ppm (0.08 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 0.06 ppm (0.25 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO PHOSGENE-air	10H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;ceiling concentration 0.2 ppm/15M	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 57710; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 57; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2358; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 282
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 57710; Number of Industries 10; Total Number of Facilities 408; Number of Occupations 11; Total Number of Employees Exposed 5729

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-61

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health