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2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-

RTECS #
SA9275000
CAS #
108-10-1
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
100.18
Molecular Formula
C6H12O
Synonyms
2-Methyl-4-pentanone
4-Methyl-2-pentanon (Czech)
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
4-Methyl-pentan-2-on (Dutch, German)
4-Metilpentan-2-one (Italian)
Hexon (Czech)
Hexone
Hexone (OSHA)
Isobutyl methyl ketone
Isobutyl-methylketon (Czech)
Isopropylacetone
Ketone, isobutyl methyl
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Methyl-isobutyl-cetone (French)
Methylisobutylketon (Dutch, German)
Metilisobutilchetone (Italian)
Metyloizobutyloketon (Polish)
MIBK
MIK
RCRA waste number U161
Shell MIBK

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /human 200 ppm/15MJIHTAB 28,262,1946
eye /rabbit 40 mg severeUCDS** 4/25/1958
eye /rabbit 100 µL/24H moderateNTIS** OTS0535383
skin /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild85JCAE -,284,1986

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 300 ppm/6H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
FAATDF 8,310,1987
inhalation/mouse 3000 ppm/6H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
FAATDF 8,310,1987
inhalation/mouse 3000 ppm/6H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system
FAATDF 8,310,1987
inhalation/rat 1000 ppm (70D male/70D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
TOXID9 60,250,2001
inhalation/rat 2000 ppm (70D male/70D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTOXID9 60,250,2001
inhalation/rat 500 ppm (70D male/70D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 60,250,2001
inhalation/rat 1000 ppm (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
TOXID9 60,250,2001
inhalation/rat 2000 ppm (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTOXID9 60,250,2001
inhalation/rat 500 ppm (multigeneration)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 60,250,2001
inhalation/rat 2000 ppm (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralIJTOFN 23,127,2004

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/guinea pig Lowest published lethal concentration: 68900 mg/m3/3HEye: Other eye effects

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
NTIS** OTS0535383
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 4100 mg/m3Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: General anesthetic
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 12 mg/m3Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
GISAAA 5,8,1994
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 2290 mg/m3Olfaction: Other olfaction effectsNTIS** OTS0535383
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 23300 mg/m3GTPZAB 17(11),52,1973
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/6MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionTOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 23300 mg/m3Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 100000 mg/m3/40MBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 40000 mg/m3/4HBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 100000 mg/m3/40MBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 40000 mg/m3/4HBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
VCVGK* -,426,1994
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 100 gm/m3NTIS** OTS0535383
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1000 ppm/6HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)IJTOFN 23,127,2004
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 800 mg/kg38MKAJ 2C,4748,1982
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 268 mg/kgSCCUR* -,7,1961
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg38MKAJ 2C,4748,1982
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1600 mg/kg38MKAJ 2C,4748,1982
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1900 mg/kgNTIS** OTS0535383
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2850 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Blood: Changes in spleen
VCVGK* -,426,1994
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4600 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Blood: Changes in spleen
VCVGK* -,426,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kgBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)TOLED5 136,199,2003
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2080 mg/kgUCDS** 4/25/1958
oral/wild bird lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kgENTOX* -,79,2005
skin/rabbit Lethal dose: >3 gm/kgNTIS** OTS0535383
unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1396 mg/kgGISAAA 51(5),61,1986

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1996 ppm/6H/11D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight
FAATDF 9,380,1987
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1002 ppm/6H/14W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightFAATDF 9,380,1987
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/17W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/104W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumorsNTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/104W- intermittentBlood: EosinophiliaNTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/2Y- intermittentLiver: TumorsTXCYAC 244,209,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/2Y- intermittentLiver: Other changesTXCYAC 244,209,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/2Y- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTXCYAC 244,209,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2160 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
RTOPDW 81,421,2016
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2160 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight
RTOPDW 81,421,2016
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2160 mg/kg/2W- intermittentBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: TransaminasesRTOPDW 81,421,2016
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2160 mg/kg/2W- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
RTOPDW 81,421,2016
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/6H/4W- intermittentTXCYAC 333,1,2015
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/6H/1W- intermittentTXCYAC 333,1,2015
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/2Y- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors

Blood: Leukemia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TXCYAC 244,209,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/2Y- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTXCYAC 244,209,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/2Y- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
TXCYAC 244,209,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/7D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainIJTOFN 23,127,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/70D- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
IJTOFN 23,127,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/104W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/104W- intermittentEndocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia

Blood: Leukemia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
NTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/97W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/104W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changesNTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/104W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-538
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1996 ppm/6H/11D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight
FAATDF 9,380,1987
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1002 ppm/6H/14W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition
FAATDF 9,380,1987
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 410 mg/m3/2W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight
NTIS** OTS0535383
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 410 mg/m3/90D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight
NTIS** OTS0535383
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 4210 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weightNTIS** OTS0572858
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOXID9 -,95,2008
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
TXCYAC 258,131,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9350 mg/kg/24D- intermittentBehavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
GTPZAB 17(11),52,1973
skin/rat lowest published toxic dose: 35700 mg/kg/17W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
GISAAA 53(10),79,1988

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppm;short term exposure limit 75 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 101,321,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2BIMEMDT 101,321,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,79,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWIJTOFN 23,29,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 659,248,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 47,1287,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 60,120,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESCancelledRBREV* -,322,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 100 ppm (410 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,126,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 50 ppm (205 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (307 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 20 ppm (83 mg/m3);KZW 50 ppm (208 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 20 ppm (83 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (208 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 20 ppm (83 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ECtime-weighted average 83 mg/m3 (20 ppm);short term exposure limit 208 mg/m3 (50 ppm), JUN2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 20 ppm (80 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (210 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 20 ppm (83 mg/m3), VLE 50 ppm (208 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 20 ppm (83 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 83 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 208 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 20 ppm (83 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (208 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 50 ppm (205 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (300 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 50 ppm (205 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 75 ppm (307 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 50 ppm (205 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 75 ppm (307 mg/m3), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 25 ppm (105 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 50 ppm (205 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 75 ppm (307 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 200 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 300 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 25 ppm (100 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 20 ppm (82 mg/m3), KZG-week 40 ppm (164 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 104 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 50 ppm (208 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (416 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (410 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (410 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (410 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (410 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE-air10H time-weighted average 50 ppm;short term exposure limit 75 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 37510; Number of Industries 253; Total Number of Facilities 47027; Number of Occupations 150; Total Number of Employees Exposed 612921; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 110397
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 37510; Number of Industries 258; Total Number of Facilities 42735; Number of Occupations 149; Total Number of Employees Exposed 435266

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULEFEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8704
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ketones I, 1300
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (two year studies), October 2000
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #1004
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018