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Oxalic acid

RTECS #
RO2450000
CAS #
144-62-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
90.04
Molecular Formula
C2H2O4
Synonyms
Acide oxalique (French)
Acido ossalico (Italian)
Aktisal
Aquisal
Ethanedioic acid
Ethanedionic acid
Kyselina stavelova (Czech)
NCI-C55209
Oxaalzuur (Dutch)
Oxalic acid (ACGIH:OSHA)
Oxalsaeure (German)

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 250 µg/24H severe85JCAE -,311,1986
eye /rabbit 100 mg/4S rinse severeFCTOD7 20,573,1982
skin /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild85JCAE -,311,1986

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/mouse 8400 mg/kg (7D male/7D pre-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
NTIS** PB86-167053
oral/mouse 9.63 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
NTIS** #PB86167053
oral/mouse 275 mg/kg (multigenerations)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)
NTIS** #PB86167053

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 310.33 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 3,189,1989
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration Low: 931 mg/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1233,2013
In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 14.17 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 7,537,1993
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 270 mg/kgTXCYAC 62,203,1990
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kgHBAMAK 4,1377,1935
oral/woman lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of esophagus

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Other changes
YKYUA6 31,959,1980
subcutaneous/cat lowest published lethal dose: 112 mg/kgHBAMAK 4,1377,1935
subcutaneous/frog lowest published lethal dose: 757 mg/kgHBAMAK 4,1377,1935
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 382 mg/kgHBPTO* 1,824,2001

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 225 mg/kg/5D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
ARTODN 76,269,2002
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 2268 mg/kg/14D- continuousBehavioral: Fluid intakeNTIS** #PB86167053
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 40425 mg/kg/21W- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weightNTIS** #PB86167053
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 175 gm/kg/70D- continuousEndocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TXAPA9 48,409,1979

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAINCM* 7,63,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,320,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMCNA* 25,375,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,683,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 751,49,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 92,38,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFTRPAE 115,155,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJOETD7 175,198,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 107,502,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 110,165,2017

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESRED CompletedRBREV* -,329,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3DTLVS* 3,193,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypttime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 1 mg/m3, inhal, skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ECtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 1 mg/m3, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 ppm, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3; short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 1 mg/m3, inhal, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO OXALIC ACID-air10H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 52480; Number of Industries 75; Total Number of Facilities 6866; Number of Occupations 84; Total Number of Employees Exposed 142000; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 58727
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 52480; Number of Industries 109; Total Number of Facilities 11395; Number of Occupations 66; Total Number of Employees Exposed 180732

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018