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Nickel

RTECS #
QR5950000
CAS #
7440-02-0
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
58.71
Molecular Formula
Ni
Synonyms
Alcan 756
C.I. 77775
Carbonyl nickel powder
EL12
Fibrex
Fibrex P
Ni 0901-S
Ni 270
Ni 4303T
Nichel (Italian)
Nickel 270
Nickel particles
Nickel sponge
Nickel, metal
Nickel, metal (ACGIH:OSHA)
NP 2
Raney alloy
Raney nickel

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
morphological transformkidney/hamster400 mg/LIAPUDO 53,193,1984
morphological transformembryo/hamster5 µmol/LTOXID9 1,132,1981

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/rat 158 mg/kg (multigenerations)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
AEHLAU 23,102,1971

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
implant/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 165 mg/kg/2Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
JNCIAM 16,55,1955
implant/rat lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kgTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
JNCIAM 16,55,1955
implant/rat toxic dose: 23 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
JNCIAM 16,55,1955
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/91W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma
AMPLAO 65,600,1958
intramuscular/hamster lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/21W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
PWPSA8 14,68,1971
intramuscular/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kgTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
NCIUS* PH43-64-886
intramuscular/mouse toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/13W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
NCIUS* PH43-64-886
intramuscular/rat toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/18W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
NCIUS* PH43-64-886
intramuscular/rat toxic dose: 889 µg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
JPTLAS 97,375,1969
intramuscular/rat toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/13W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
NCIUS* PH43-64-886
intramuscular/rat toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/21W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
PWPSA8 14,68,1971
intramuscular/rat toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/17W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
PAACA3 9,28,1968
intramuscular/rat lowest published toxic dose: 56 mg/kgTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
IAPUDO 53,127,1984
intramuscular/rat toxic dose: 58 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
PAACA3 17,11,1976
intrapleural/rat lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/21W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
PWPSA8 16,150,1973
intrapleural/rat toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg/17W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
TRBMAV 10,167,1952
intrapleural/rat toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/21W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
PWPSA8 16,150,1973
parenteral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/52W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors
AEHLAU 5,445,1962
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/6W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
JNCIAM 16,55,1955

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, kidney Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TXAPA9 253,178,2011
In Vitro/Human, kidney Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TXAPA9 253,178,2011
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1659,2013
In Vitro/jahInhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TXAPA9 253,178,2011
In Vitro/maxInhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/1WIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TXAPA9 253,178,2011
In Vitro/mzxInhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TXAPA9 253,178,2011
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/2HImmunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune responseVCVN5* -,490,1989
intraperitoneal/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 7 mg/kgNTIS** PB158-508
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kgVascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Other changes
INMEAF 15,482,1946
intratracheal/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kgLiver: Liver function tests impaired

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase
VCVN5* -,490,1989
intratracheal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kgVCVN5* -,491,1989
intratracheal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Blood: Hemorrhage

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
VCVN5* -,491,1989
intratracheal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 12 mg/kgNTIS** AEC-TR-6710
intravenous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Fluid intake

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria
FATOAO 23,549,1960
intravenous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kgVCVN5* -,491,1989
oral/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kgYAKUD5 22,455,1980
oral/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Other changesVCVN5* -,490,1989
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kgNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVN5* -,490,1989
oral/rat lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Other changesVCVN5* -,490,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kgNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVN5* -,490,1989
oral/rat lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kgFDRLI* 7684D,1983
subcutaneous/cat lowest published lethal dose: 12500 µg/kgNTIS** PB158-508
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 7500 µg/kgNTIS** PB158-508
Tank with water/Daphnia lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 130 µg/L/48HTIVIEQ 31,125,1995
Tank with water/Urchin lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/L/48HReproductive: Other developmental abnormalitiesTIVIEQ 39,247,1997

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 1700 µg/m3/6H/5W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
ENVRAL 26,353,1981
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 130 µg/m3/6H/35W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
ENVRAL 30,89,1983
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/6H/26W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesENVRAL 23,170,1980
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/6H/13W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Blood: Hemorrhage
EXMPA6 41,26,1984
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/10M/30D- intermittentBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
VCVN5* -,493,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/24H/6W- continuousVascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments
VCVN5* -,494,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/24H/13W- continuousVascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
VCVN5* -,494,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 350 mg/m3/2W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,495,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/24H/17W- continuousLiver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
GISAAA 39(11),8,1974
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/m3/40W- intermittentVascular: Thromobosis distant from injection site

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TXAPA9 233,262,2008
intravenous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
FATOAO 23,549,1960
intravenous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,492,1989
intravenous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/5D- intermittentSkin and Appendages: Other: HairVCVN5* -,492,1989
intravenous/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
FATOAO 23,549,1960
intravenous/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg/5D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,492,1989
intravenous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
FATOAO 23,549,1960
intravenous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,492,1989
intravenous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 59 mg/kg/5D- intermittentSkin and Appendages: Other: HairVCVN5* -,492,1989
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
FATOAO 23,549,1960
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
FATOAO 23,549,1960
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 36.5 gm/kg/2Y- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOXID9 66,219,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 36.5 gm/kg/2Y- continuousCardiac: Changes in heart weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight
TOXID9 66,219,2002

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1.5 mg/m3 (inhal)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not suspected as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 49,257,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMSUDL 7,264,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 100C,211,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 49,257,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 100C,210,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2BIMEMDT 49,257,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 1IMEMDT 100C,211,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWACLSCP 3,156,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMAERE* 51,247,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWKOTTAM 11,1300,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMIBUBI 9,321,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTXAV 9,105,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW85DHAX Ni,168,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW85CVA2 5,63,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW31BYAP -,93,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTIS** CONF-691001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWGSAMAQ 123,109,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWPEXTAR 12,102,1969
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWDICHAK 54,527,1968
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAMTODM 3,209,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCREOH* 42,93,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 127,63,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 134,3,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 134,17,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCRTXB2 33,215,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 613,103,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJJATDK 26,191,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,220,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 544,305,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 23,297,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHBTME* ,743,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 544,313,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWITODC* -,355,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,515,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 681,93,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 674,3,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 674,36,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 674,73,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWPTPAD4 113,229,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 22,91,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 243,225,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,727,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 705,11,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 746,113,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 254,86,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 248,71,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 250,87,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMMUEG 54,589,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 760,1,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 759,27,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMMUEG 55,171,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMMUEG 55,278,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 764-765,10,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 204,148,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 30,89,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 86,298,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 313,3,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 770,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 98,58,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 770,140,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 770,106,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 770,170,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTIVIEQ 32,92,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 61,120,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 392,47,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 272,8,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 55,43,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 57,181,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWVETOX* ,339,2018

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3DTLWS* 3,24,1973
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypttime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIATRK-TMW 0.5 mg/m3;KZW 2 mg/m3, inhal, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 1 mg/m3, C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 (dust), carc, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANa2 sen, s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, sen, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 1,5 mg/m3, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0.25 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (total dust), Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.5 mg/m3, carc 3, inhal, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.5 mg(Ni)/m3, skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NICKEL, INORGANIC-air10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.015 mg(Ni)/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code X5096; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 7; Number of Occupations 4; Total Number of Employees Exposed 110
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code X5918; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 678; Number of Occupations 17; Total Number of Employees Exposed 6440; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 611
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code X5986; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 1124; Number of Occupations 15; Total Number of Employees Exposed 10233; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 80
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code X8294; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 9; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 611
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 50420; Number of Industries 260; Total Number of Facilities 32771; Number of Occupations 116; Total Number of Employees Exposed 507681; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 19673
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 50420; Number of Industries 55; Total Number of Facilities 1867; Number of Occupations 52; Total Number of Employees Exposed 23272

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101199/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements in blood or tissue, 8005
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Metals in urine, 8310
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID125G
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018