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Methanol

RTECS #
PC1400000
CAS #
67-56-1; 54841-71-3
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
32.05
Molecular Formula
CH4O
Synonyms
Alcool methylique (French)
Alcool metilico (Italian)
Bieleski's solution
Carbinol
Colonial Spirit
Columbian Spirit
Metanolo (Italian)
Methanol (ACGIH)
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol (DOT:OSHA)
Methyl hydrate
Methyl hydroxide
Methylalkohol (German)
Methylol
Metylowy alkohol (Polish)
Monohydroxymethane
Pyroxylic Spirit
RCRA waste number U154
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood Spirit

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 40 mg moderateUCDS** 3/24/1970
eye /rabbit 100 mg/24H moderate85JCAE -,187,1986
skin /rabbit 20 mg/24H moderate85JCAE -,187,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisparenteral/grasshopper3000 ppmIJEBA6 12,72,1974
Cytogenetic Analysisoral/mouse1 gm/kgENMUDM 4,317,1982
Cytogenetic Analysisintraperitoneal/mouse75 mg/kgENMUDM 5,381,1983
DNA Damageoral/rat10 µmol/kgENMUDM 4,317,1982
DNA inhibitionlymphocyte/human300 mmol/LPNASA6 79,1171,1982
DNA repair/Escherichia coli20 mg/wellMUREAV 133,161,1984
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse0.01 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 37,231,2001
mutation in microorganismslymphocyte/mouse7900 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),10,1985
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae12 pph (-enzymatic activation step)GENRA8 37,173,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans56000 ppmMUREAV 215,187,1989

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 20000 ppm/7H (1-22D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
TJADAB 29(2),48A,1984
inhalation/rat 20000 ppm/7H (7-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system
FAATDF 5,727,1985
inhalation/rat 10000 ppm/7H (7-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)FAATDF 5,727,1985
inhalation/mouse 1500 ppm/6H (7-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTOXID9 12,101,1992
inhalation/mouse 5000 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TJADAB 47,175,1993
inhalation/mouse 7500 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
TJADAB 47,175,1993
inhalation/mouse 2000 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemTJADAB 47,175,1993
inhalation/mouse 15000 ppm (7-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
FAATDF 21,508,1993
inhalation/rat 15000 ppm/7H (7-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)TOXID9 11,118,1991
inhalation/rat 2.6 mg/m3 (1-22D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)VCVGK* -,89,1994
inhalation/rat 1000 ppm (multigeneration)Reproductive: Other effects on male

Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
HPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat 5000 ppm (7-17D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
HPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/mouse 2000 ppm (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
HPV289 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/mouse 2.3 gm/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemBDERE* 70,172,2004
intraperitoneal/mouse 4900 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)BDERB* 71,80,2004
intraperitoneal/mouse 3400 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
BDERB* 71,80,2004
intraperitoneal/mouse 3400 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemBDERB* 71,80,2004
intraperitoneal/mouse 5 gm/kg (5D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)MUREAV 130,417,1984
oral/rat 200 ppm/20H (78W male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTOXID9 14,75,1994
oral/rat 5200 µL/kg (10D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
REPTED 11,503,1997
oral/mouse 40 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TJADAB 47,175,1993
oral/mouse 4 gm/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
TJADAB 55,138,1997
oral/rat 6000 mg/kg (15-17D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralVCVGK* -,89,1994
oral/rat 6000 mg/kg (17-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralVCVGK* -,89,1994
oral/rat 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991
oral/rat 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991
oral/rat 20 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
TJADAB 49,399,1994
oral/rat 42 mL/kg (21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralNETEEC 24,519,2002
oral/rat 82 mL/kg (21D after birth)Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
NETEEC 24,519,2002

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/2Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains
HPV289 -,-,2001

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 482194 µmol/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 70355 µmol/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 340574 µmol/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 61976 µmol/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 315 mmol/L/60HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 7,511,1993
In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 88 mmol/L/60HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 7,511,1993
In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1037.4 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 360 mmol/L/60HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 7,511,1993
In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 124 mmol/L/60HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 7,511,1993
In Vitro/Human, kidney tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 113000 mg/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 619 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 6,47,1992
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 450 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 6,47,1992
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1111.5 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1614 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 3,189,1989
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 8190 mg/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013
In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 54900 mg/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013
In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma Inhibitor Concentration Low: 450 mmol/L/4MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currentsTXAPA9 245,191,2010
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 215000 mg/L/1MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 6,367,1992
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1390 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013
In Vitro/Mouse, embryo Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTXAPA9 252,55,2011
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: >864.5 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 6,47,1992
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 620 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 6,47,1992
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 24300 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013
In Vitro/Mouse, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2210 mmol/L/2HBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
TIVIEQ 4,783,1990
In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1037.4 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 186 mmol/L/44HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1416,2013
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 47400 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 6,47,1992
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 6,47,1992
In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >33550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 5,543,1991
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 6.6 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 17.8 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.42 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 37.2 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.55 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 151 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
inhalation/cat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 65700 ppm/4.5HHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/cat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 23600 ppm/6HHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/cat Lowest published lethal concentration: 4400 mg/m3/6HVCVGK* -,87,1984
inhalation/cat Lowest published lethal concentration: 44 gm/m3/6HBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands
AGGHAR 5,1,1933
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 86000 mg/m3Eye: Lacrimation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
AGGHAR 5,1,1933
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppmEye: Visual field changes

Behavioral: Headache

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
NPIRI* 1,74,1974
inhalation/monkey Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 ppmIECHAD 23,931,1931
inhalation/monkey Lowest published lethal concentration: 1300 mg/m3VCVGK* -,88,1984
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 41000 ppm/6HHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 61100 ppm/134MHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 gm/m3/2H85GMAT -,80,1982
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 120000 mg/m3/2HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVGK* -,87,1984
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 40000 mg/m3/4HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVGK* -,87,1984
inhalation/rabbit lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 81000 mg/m3/14HVCVGK* -,87,1984
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 145000 ppm/1HHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 64000 ppm/4HHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 64000 ppm/8HHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6HEndocrine: Change in LHTXCYAC 71,69,1992
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3556 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intraperitoneal/hamster lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8555 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10765 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intraperitoneal/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1826 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3490 mg/kgBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGK* -,87,1984
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7529 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
TOLED5 165,265,2006
intravenous/cat lowest published lethal dose: 4641 mg/kgJPETAB 16,1,1920
intravenous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4710 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intravenous/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8907 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
intravenous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2131 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 7500 mg/kgHBAMAK 4,1365,1935
oral/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7500 mg/kgHPV289 -,-,2001
oral/human lowest published lethal dose: 428 mg/kgBehavioral: Headache

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
NPIRI* 1,74,1974
oral/human lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kgEye: Optic nerve neuropathy

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
34ZIAG -,382,1969
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 3571 µL/kgEye: Visual field changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Blood: Other changes
YAKUD5 35,2095,1993
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 9450 µL/kgEye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation)

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
AJEMEN 16,538,1998
oral/man lowest published lethal dose: 6422 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Changes in circulation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
CMAJAX 128,14,1983
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 3429 mg/kgEye: Visual field changesAMSVAZ 212,5,1982
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 0.43 mL/kgCardiac: Change in rateJTCTDW 45,717,2007
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 1.14 mL/kgGastrointestinal: Nausea or vomitingJTCTDW 45,717,2007
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mL/kgEye: Other eye effects

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
JTCTDW 45,717,2007
oral/man lowest published lethal dose: 14 mL/kgEye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Coma

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
JTCTDW 45,717,2007
oral/monkey lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7000 mg/kgBehavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Coma
HPV289 -,-,2001
oral/monkey lowest published lethal dose: 5000 mg/kgEye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation)

Eye: Other eye effects
VCVGK* -,88,1984
oral/monkey lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 gm/kgBehavioral: Muscle weakness

Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Coma
TXAPA9 3,202,1961
oral/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 420 mg/kgVCVGK* -,87,1984
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5800 mg/kgHPV289 -,-,2001
oral/pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kgHPV289 -,-,2001
oral/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 7500 mg/kgVCVGK* -,87,1984
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14200 mg/kgFAONAU 48A,105,1970
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5600 mg/kgVCVGK* -,87,1984
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kgEndocrine: Change in LHTOXID9 13,14,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kgLiver: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
FAATDF 28,264,1995
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kgLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
JTEHF8 67,583,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kgLiver: Other changesTOXID9 72,315,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8 mL/kgEye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
TXCYAC 293,89,2012
oral/woman lowest published lethal dose: 10 mL/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas
JTCTDW 38,297,2000
oral/woman lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kgEye: Visual field changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
AMSVAZ 212,5,1982
parenteral/frog lowest published lethal dose: 59 gm/kgPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
AIPTAK 50,296,1935
skin/monkey lowest published lethal dose: 393 mg/kgIECHAD 23,931,1931
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15800 mg/kgNPIRI* 1,74,1974
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9800 mg/kgVCVGK* -,87,1984
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6825 mg/kgImmunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response
TOVEFN (6),16,2007
unreported route/man lowest published lethal dose: 868 mg/kg85DCAI 2,73,1970

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittentEye: Conjunctiva irritation

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight
VCVGK* -,88,1994
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/21D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
HPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/28W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/28W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy
HPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/5D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weightHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/2.5Y- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1Y- intermittentBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity
HPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4W- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1Y- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainHPV289 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/213D- intermittentEye: Other eye effectsVCVGK* -,89,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittentEye: Conjunctiva irritationVCVGK* -,88,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/12H/120D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi
VCVGK* -,89,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/12H/13W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity
GISAAA 24(10),7,1959
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2610 ppm/6H/4W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weightTIHEEC 11,343,1995
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3846 µg/kg/30D- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
TIHEEC 9,479,1993
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/3D- intermittentEye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other)NRTXDN 24,255,2003
multiple/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 22300 gm/m3/4D- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldREPTED 22,263,2006
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 63000 mg/kg/3W- intermittentLiver: Other changesVCVGK* -,89,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2885 mg/kg/3D- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine compositionIJTOFN 19,179,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/8W- intermittentBehavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning
NETEEC 15,223,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 7 mL/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: B vitamins including folate
JDGRAX 10(1-2),25,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 268.8 gm/kg/21D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTOXID9 13,14,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 625 mg/kg/200D- continuousLiver: Other changesVCVGK* -,89,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 225000 mg/kg/90D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
HPV289 -,-,2001
skin/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 2 mL/kg/4D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldVCVGK* -,88,1994

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 200 ppm;short term exposure limit 250 ppm (skin)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMEDIAV 32,431,1953
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCLCHAU 19,361,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTEHD6 1,153,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMJAUAJ 2,483,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 539,77,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 17,349,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 140-141,239,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCRTXB2 33,137,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJEMME* 1,51,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAINCM* 7,63,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCHHSA* 9,6,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,54,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAJEMEN 22,404,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFSINDR 179,206,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,623,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 47,1287,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAUCRC* 10,113,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNEUCL* 18,215,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,617,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,629,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,641,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,671,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,727,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 711,13,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNRTXDN 33,178,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 33,608,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 210,44,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 762,76,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 49,196,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 58,252,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 266,345,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 52,25,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTIVIEQ 32,92,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 58,395,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 59,364,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWVETODR ,197,2018

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESCancelledRBREV* -,290,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) (skin)DTLVS* 3,155,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypttime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);KZW 800 ppm (1040 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 200 ppm (266 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 250 ppm (333 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ECtime-weighted average 260 mg/m3 (200 ppm), skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 200 ppm (270 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (330 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), VLE 1000 ppm (1300 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 200 ppm (270 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 260 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1040 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (310 mg/m3), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 310 mg/m3 (250 ppm), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 100 ppm (130 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 300 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 15 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 200 ppm (250 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (350 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), KZG-week 800 ppm (1040 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILANDtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 260 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 200 ppm (266 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (333 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO METHANOL-air10H time-weighted average 200 ppm (Sk);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (Sk)NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 45930; Number of Industries 373; Total Number of Facilities 101075; Number of Occupations 225; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1620617; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 388352
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 45930; Number of Industries 344; Total Number of Facilities 78840; Number of Occupations 203; Total Number of Employees Exposed 737242

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-aneuploidy; In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: SHE-clonal assay; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-8989
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Methanol, 2000
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #91
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018