Kerosene
RTECS #
OA5500000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
N/R
Molecular Formula
N/R
Synonyms
Coal oil
Deobase
Fuel oil No.5
Kerosine
Kerosine (petroleum)
Nafta (Polish)
Straight-run kerosene
Deobase
Fuel oil No.5
Kerosine
Kerosine (petroleum)
Nafta (Polish)
Straight-run kerosene
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 0.1 mL | HPV273 -,-,2003 | |
| eye /rabbit | 0.1 mL rinse | HPV273 -,-,2003 | |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg | severe | ATDAEI 1,30,1990 |
| skin /rabbit | 100%/24H | moderate | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| skin /rabbit | 0.5 mL | moderate | HPV273 -,-,2003 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| micronucleus test | subcutaneous/mouse | 350 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | FCTOD7 47,2454,2009 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 25 µL/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | CBTOE2 2,63,1986 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 2500 mg/m3/2H | VCVPS* -,59,1998 | |
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 2500 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVPS* -,59,1998 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | HPV273 -,-,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | Lethal concentration: >5 gm/m3/4H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | ATDAEI 1,30,1990 |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6600 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion | AIMEAS 21,803,1944 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 10700 mg/kg | TXAPA9 1,156,1959 | |
| intratracheal/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | AJMSA9 221,531,1951 |
| intratracheal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | TXAPA9 3,689,1961 | |
| intratracheal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 800 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | TXAPA9 1,462,1959 |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | AJMSA9 221,531,1951 |
| intravenous/man | lowest published toxic dose: 403 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | CTOXAO 10,283,1977 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 180 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Coma | AIMEAS 21,803,1944 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | AJMSA9 221,531,1951 |
| oral/domestic animal | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mL/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase | VHTODE 42,354,2000 |
| oral/domestic animal | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mL/kg | Cardiac: Change in rate Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VHTODE 42,354,2000 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 gm/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Endocrine: Hypoglycemia | AIMEAS 21,803,1944 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.7 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.7 mg/kg | VCVPS* -,60,1998 | |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 3570 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase | TORAAK 15,263,1966 |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | YAKUD5 22,883,1980 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2835 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Endocrine: Hypoglycemia | AIMEAS 21,803,1944 |
| oral/rat | Lethal dose: >5 gm/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | ATDAEI 1,30,1990 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kg | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | HPV273 -,-,2003 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15 gm/kg | Skin: After topical application: Corrosive | VCVPS* -,59,1998 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2000 mg/kg | HPV273 -,-,2003 | |
| skin/rabbit | Lethal dose: >2 gm/kg | ATDAEI 1,30,1990 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Blood: Hemorrhage | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 1176 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 | |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 2 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Peritonitis | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/4W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 20400 mg/m3/21D- intermittent | Vascular: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3/4Y- intermittent | Behavioral: Excitement Behavioral: Irritability | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.15 mg/m3/5Y- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/4W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/4W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/12W- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Luekopenia | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/12W- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Luekopenia | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/4W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVPS* -,60,1998 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 540 gm/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Antidiuresis | BCTKAG 21,187,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 405 gm/kg/17W- intermittent | Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1120 µL/kg/28D- intermittent | Behavioral: Aggression Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Endocrine: Androgenic | TOXRE* 2,175,2015 |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 24000 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV273 -,,2003 |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 4500 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** OTS0533973 |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | NTIS** OTS0541008 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | FCTOD7 47,2454,2009 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11.9 gm/kg/35D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Liver: Multiple effects | VCVPS* -,61,1998 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84 gm/kg/35D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | ENVRAL 35,516,1984 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 200 mg/m3 (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 45,39,1989 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,385,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 4,223,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,683,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 762,76,2014 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,225,1998 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 200 mg/m3, Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 300 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 300 mg(C)/m3, short term exposure limit 600 mg(C)/m3, JUN2003 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO KEROSENE-air | 10H time-weighted average 100 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code T1768; Number of Industries 321; Total Number of Facilities 69564; Number of Occupations 186; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1075728; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 96255 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code X6889; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 22; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 790 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health