Ethylene glycol
RTECS #
KW2975000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
62.08
Molecular Formula
C2H6O2
Synonyms
1,2-Dihydroxyethane
1,2-Ethandiol
1,2-Ethanediol
Athylenglykol (German)
Dowtherm SR 1
Ethane-1,2-diol
Ethylene alcohol
Ethylene dihydrate
Ethylene glycol (ACGIH)
Ethylene glycol, aerosol
Glycol alcohol
Lutrol-9
M.E.G.
Macrogol 400 BPC
Monoethylene glycol
NCI-C00920
Norkool
Tescol
Ucar 17
1,2-Ethandiol
1,2-Ethanediol
Athylenglykol (German)
Dowtherm SR 1
Ethane-1,2-diol
Ethylene alcohol
Ethylene dihydrate
Ethylene glycol (ACGIH)
Ethylene glycol, aerosol
Glycol alcohol
Lutrol-9
M.E.G.
Macrogol 400 BPC
Monoethylene glycol
NCI-C00920
Norkool
Tescol
Ucar 17
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 85JCAE -,205,1986 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg/1H | mild | NTIS** LMF-69 |
| eye /rabbit | 0.012 ppm/3D | TXAPA9 16,646,1970 | |
| eye /rabbit | 1440 mg/6H | moderate | BUYRAI 31,25,1977 |
| eye /rat | 0.012%/3D | TXAPA9 16,646,1970 | |
| skin /rabbit | 555 mg open irritation test | mild | UCDS** 7/21/1965 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/rat | 1200 mg/kg | TGANAK 19,436,1985 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 50 gm/L/2H (+enzymatic activation step) | FCTOD7 48,1905,2010 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 320 mmol/L | PNASA6 79,1171,1982 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 50 gm/L/3H (+enzymatic activation step) | FCTOD7 48,1905,2010 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 100 mmol/L | PAACA3 21,74,1980 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 2500 mg/m3/6H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | FAATDF 24,57,1995 |
| inhalation/mouse | 1000 mg/m3/6H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | FAATDF 24,57,1995 |
| inhalation/mouse | 1000 mg/m3/6H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratio | FAATDF 24,57,1995 |
| inhalation/mouse | 2100 mg/m3/6H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | FAATDF 27,49,1995 |
| inhalation/mouse | 2100 mg/m3/6H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | FAATDF 27,49,1995 |
| oral/rabbit | 28 gm/kg (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | NTIS** PB91-211219 |
| oral/mouse | 88720 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | EVHPAZ 57,141,1984 |
| oral/mouse | 7500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TXAPA9 81,113,1985 |
| oral/mouse | 7500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 29(2),52A,1984 |
| oral/mouse | 84 gm/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOXID9 4,136,1984 |
| oral/mouse | 88720 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | EVHPAZ 57,141,1984 |
| oral/mouse | 15 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | NTIS** PB85-105385 |
| oral/rat | 50 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Skin and skin appendages Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) | TXAPA9 81,113,1985 |
| oral/rat | 8580 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | CHYCDW 20,289,1986 |
| oral/rat | 12500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 29(2),52A,1984 |
| oral/rat | 25 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** PB85-104594 |
| oral/rat | 51948 mg/kg (13W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | WDZAEK 8,12,1994 |
| oral/mouse | 413 gm/kg (15W male/15W pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TXAPA9 81,100,1985 |
| oral/mouse | 413 gm/kg (15W male/15W pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TXAPA9 81,100,1985 |
| oral/mouse | 1.7 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB84241108 |
| oral/mouse | 1.7 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | NTIS** #PB84241108 |
| oral/mouse | 1.7 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | NTIS** #PB84241108 |
| oral/mouse | 7.5 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/mouse | 7.5 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/mouse | 29.75 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB84241108 |
| oral/mouse | 59.5 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | NTIS** #PB84241108 |
| oral/mouse | 98 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** #PB86177383 |
| oral/mouse | 294 gm/kg (15W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB86177383 |
| oral/mouse | 15 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/mouse | 15 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/rat | 18.8 gm/kg (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #PB88-204326/AS |
| oral/mouse | 850 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB86177383 |
| oral/mouse | 850 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #PB86177383 |
| oral/rat | 25000 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | NTIS** #PB95-274528 |
| oral/rabbit | 28000 mg/kg (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth | NTIS** #PB91-211219 |
| oral/rat | 33750 mg/kg (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB88-204326/AS |
| oral/rat | 33750 mg/kg (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** #PB88-204326/AS |
| unreported route/rat | 50000 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| unreported route/mouse | 7500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| unreported route/rat | 5000 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| unreported route/mouse | 750 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,141,1984 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1706485 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 712350 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1447621 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 591179 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 365 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 100 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 415 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 117.5 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 70800 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 138 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 70 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 83000 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 51400 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 42700 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 440000 mg/L/1M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,367,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 290 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 83 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 20500 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 392 mmol/L/44H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1416,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 68300 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 262 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 83 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 93 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 96 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 35.5 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 169 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 43.7 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 158 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 mg/m3 | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 22 mg/m3 | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | IAEHDW 69,255,1997 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lethal concentration: >200 mg/m3/2H | GTPZAB 25(11),57,1981 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 12 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,141,1984 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 4 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,139,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.004 gm/m3/2H | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | Lethal concentration: >200 mg/m3/4H | GTPZAB 25(11),57,1981 | |
| intramuscular/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 5500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | JPETAB 41,387,1931 |
| intramuscular/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 5500 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 3300 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 3300 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | JPETAB 41,387,1931 |
| intraperitoneal/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 4000 mg/kg | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | VCVGK* -,140,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5614 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Blood: Changes in spleen | FEPRA7 6,342,1947 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1700 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 1000 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5010 mg/kg | KRKRDT 9,36,1981 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 5000 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | JPETAB 41,387,1931 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 2800 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3260 mg/kg | KRKRDT 9,36,1981 | |
| ocular/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 100 pph | Eye: Lacrimation Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2000 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1650 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | RMVEAG 154,137,1978 |
| oral/child | lowest published toxic dose: 5500 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | PGMJAO 52,598,1976 |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5500 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | RMVEAG 154,137,1978 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6610 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | JIHTAB 23,259,1941 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6600 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 786 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Coma Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | EJTXAZ 9,373,1976 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 398 mg/kg | Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Liver: Other changes | SMEZA5 26(2),48,1983 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 1.43 mL/kg | APLMAS 129,e81,2005 | |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | JTCTDW 38,445,2000 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma | JTCTDW 38,445,2000 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JTCTDW 38,445,2000 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from small intestine Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | AEMED3 20,208,1991 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1195 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | AEMED3 20,208,1991 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg | Behavioral: Coma Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis | HETOEA 9,317,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5500 mg/kg | GISAAA 32(3),31,1967 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4700 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1110 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | VCVGK* -,139,1984 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Tetany Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | VCVGK* -,139,1984 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,139,1984 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | JTCTDW 46,402,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | VCVGK* -,140,1984 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9530 µL/kg | 34ZIAG -,731,1969 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Muscle weakness Blood: Other changes | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 2000 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 5000 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2700 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 2700 mg/kg | BJIMAG 1,207,1944 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | EKFAE9 55,21,1992 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 19500 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,139,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2800 mg/kg | NPIRI* 1,49,1974 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | EKFAE9 55,21,1992 |
| unreported route/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 11150 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | GISAAA 33(3),16,1968 |
| unreported route/human | lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg | Cardiac: Change in rate Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,140,1984 |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 1637 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 | |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8050 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | GISAAA 33(3),16,1968 |
| unreported route/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5017 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | GISAAA 33(3),16,1968 |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13 gm/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | GISAAA 33(3),16,1968 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500000 mg/m3/6H/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/122D- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Irritability Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/7D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/45D- intermittent | Behavioral: Excitement Liver: Liver function tests impaired | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/76D- intermittent | Behavioral: Aggression | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/106D- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/122D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/183D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Vascular: Structural changes in vessels Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/154D- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 140 mg/m3/30D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3/5Y- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Vascular: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,141,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 256 mg/m3/28D- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 500000 mg/m3/6H/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/154D- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/122D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/122D- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Irritability Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Behavioral: Aggression Vascular: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/30D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/122D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 12 mg/m3/8H/90D- intermittent | Eye: Corneal damage Eye: Other eye effects Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 16,646,1970 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 120 mg/m3/8D- intermittent | Eye: Corneal damage | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 198 mg/m3/4H/122D- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 8400 µg/m3/24H/12W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GISAAA 39(9),106,1974 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 12 mg/m3/8H/90D- intermittent | Eye: Corneal damage Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 16,646,1970 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/122D- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Irritability Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/154D- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,140,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/32W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/7D- intermittent | Behavioral: Excitement Vascular: Other changes | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/14D- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver: Liver function tests impaired | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/76D- intermittent | Behavioral: Aggression | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/106D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.003 gm/m3/228D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Vascular: Structural changes in vessels Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.02 gm/m3/2W- intermittent | Behavioral: Aggression | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.02 gm/m3/20D- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.02 gm/m3/4W- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Vascular: Other changes | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.02 gm/m3/153D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Changes in spleen | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.02 gm/m3/45D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.02 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | TPKVAL 7,102,1965 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 5751 gm/kg/22W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TXAPA9 15,624,1969 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 88720 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | EVHPAZ 57,141,1984 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 546 gm/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTPTR* NTP-TR-413,1993 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1081 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | NTPTR* NTP-TR-413,1993 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 29.4 gm/kg/7D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 81,100,1985 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 117.6 gm/kg/14D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 81,100,1985 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 82.3 gm/kg/14W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 81,100,1985 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 15000 mg/kg/10D- continuous | Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Liver: Changes in liver weight | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 294000 mg/kg/15W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB86177383 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTIS** #PB91-211219 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB95-274528 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10.9 gm/kg/7D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P | PHMREP 43,89,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18.2 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TXAPA9 228,165,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 109.5 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field Behavioral: Fluid intake Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased | TXAPA9 228,165,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 146 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 228,165,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TOXID9 -,103,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.25 gm/kg/1W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | FCTOD7 48,1013,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 gm/kg/4W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | FCTOD7 48,1013,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15.75 gm/kg/3W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 mL/kg/28D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | JOETD7 140,234,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | JOETD7 144,160,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26.25 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JOETD7 195,275,2017 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 33750 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18750 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | NTIS** #PB85-105385 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mL/kg/2W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | JOUOD4 13,13,1991 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 438 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FCTXAV 3,229,1965 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 85230 mg/kg/90D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P | DCTODJ 13,43,1990 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12 mL/kg/6D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TXAPA9 39,543,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26150 mg/kg/10D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | DCTODJ 13,43,1990 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9.1 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | VCVGK* -,141,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 100 mg/m3 (aerosol) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AJMEAZ 38,409,1965 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FAATDF 13,747,1989 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 8,99,1994 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,21,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JEMME* 15,653,1997 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ARTODN 78,671,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AINCM* 7,63,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,287,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FSINDR 155,179,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,623,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AIRMJ* 18,114,1999 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FESTAS 90,911,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 34,298,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 58,252,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 278,66,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | VETODR ,197,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | VETODR ,215,2018 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,308,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (particulate) | DTLWS* 3,19,1973 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (aerosol), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 20 ppm (52 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 40 ppm (104 mg/m3) (vapor), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 10 ppm (26 mg/m3);KZW 20 ppm (52 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 20 ppm (52 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 40 ppm (104 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (aerosol), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 10 ppm (26 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 52 mg/m3 (20 ppm);short term exposure limit 104 mg/m3 (40 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (50 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 40 ppm (100 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 20 ppm (52 mg/m3), VLE 40 ppm (104 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 10 ppm (26 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 52 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 104 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (26 mg/m3), aerosol, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | ceiling concentration 50 ppm (125 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 50 ppm (125 mg/m3) (vapor), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | peak 100 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | ceiling concentration 50 ppm (127 mg/m3) (vapour and mist), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 25 ppm (63 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | short term exposure limit 39 ppm (100 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 15 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 50 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 20 ppm (50 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 10 ppm (26 mg/m3), KZG-week 20 ppm (52 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 10 mg/m3 (drops), 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 52 mg/m3 (fume), 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (particulate), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 20 ppm (52 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 40 ppm (104 mg/m3) (vapor), skin, OCT2007 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health