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Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-

RTECS #
KI0525000
CAS #
107-06-2
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
98.96
Molecular Formula
C2H4Cl2
Synonyms
1,2-Bichloroethane
1,2-DCE
1,2-Dichloorethaan (Dutch)
1,2-Dichlor-aethan (German)
1,2-Dichlorethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane (OSHA)
1,2-Dicloroetano (Italian)
1,2-Ethylene dichloride
Aethylenchlorid (German)
alpha,beta-Dichloroethane
Bichlorure d'ethylene (French)
Borer sol
Brocide
Chlorure d'ethylene (French)
Cloruro di ethene (Italian)
Destruxol borer-sol
Dichloremulsion
Di-chlor-mulsion
Dichloro-1,2-ethane (French)
Dutch liquid
Dutch oil
EDC
ENT 1,656
Ethane dichloride
Ethyleendichloride (Dutch)
Ethylene chloride
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene dichloride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Glycol dichloride
NCI-C00511
RCRA waste number U077
sym-Dichloroethane

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 63 mg severeUCDS** 3/23/1970
eye /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild85JCAE -,93,1986
skin /rabbit 625 mg open irritation test mildUCDS** 3/23/1970
skin /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild85JCAE -,93,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
body fluid assaySalmonella typhimurium/mouse80 mg/kgCBINA8 24,265,1979
Cytogenetic Analysislung/hamster1 gm/LESKHA5 (103),64,1985
DNA adductintraperitoneal/rat5 mg/kg/8HCRTOEC 20,1594,2007
DNA adductintraperitoneal/mouse5 mg/kg/8HCRTOEC 20,1594,2007
DNA Damageintraperitoneal/mouse2 mmol/kgCRNGDP 4,1491,1983
DNA Damageoral/mouse100 mg/kgCNREA8 44,4267,1984
DNA Damageoral/rat150 mg/kgTXAPA9 62,190,1982
DNA Damageinhalation/rat150 ppm/6HTXAPA9 62,190,1982
DNA Damage/Salmonella typhimurium7060 µmol/LTXAPA9 62,190,1982
DNA inhibitionlymphocyte/human5 mL/LCALEDQ 13,213,1981
DNA inhibitionintraperitoneal/mouse29 mg/kgMUREAV 163,193,1986
DNA repair/Escherichia coli10 mg/plateCNREA8 34,2576,1974
Dominant Lethal Testother cell types/Drosophila melanogaster5000 ppm/3DEMSAB* -,169,2003
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse0.01 pph/21D (-enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 35,300,2000
morphological transformembryo/hamster200 µL/plateEVSRBT 25,75,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cellsovary/hamster40 mmol/LMUREAV 90,183,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cellslymphocyte/human100 mg/LMUREAV 142,133,1985
mutation in microorganismsovary/hamster2 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 90,183,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)CNREA8 34,2576,1974
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)TECSDY 15,101,1987
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae1 pph/8HMUREAV 633,21,2007
other mutation test systems/Escherichia coli316 mmol/LEMMUEG 19,98,1992
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunctionoral/Drosophila melanogaster120 mmol/LMUREAV 285,209,1993
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunctioninhalation/Drosophila melanogaster2 ppm/96H-continuousEVSRBT 32,65,1985
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans2000 ppmMUREAV 201,401,1988
specific locus testoral/Drosophila melanogaster1000 ppmMUREAV 57,163,1978
specific locus testinhalation/Drosophila melanogaster250 mg/m3MUREAV 252,17,1991
specific locus testintraperitoneal/mouse300 mg/kgMUREAV 117,201,1983
sperm morphologyintraperitoneal/mouse5 mg/kgTOXID9 44,455,2005
sperm morphologyintraperitoneal/mouse50 mg/kg/5D- intermittentEMSAB* -,169,2003
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisliver/rat130 µmol/LMUREAV 221,263,1989

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 300 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)BANRDU 5,149,1980
inhalation/rat 208 mg/m3/6H (2W prior to copulation/1-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)CHYCDW 23,199,1989
inhalation/rat 57 mg/m3 (24W prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
VCVGH* -,364,1990
intraperitoneal/mouse 50 mg/kg (5D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)EMSAB* -,169,2003

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/7H/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
BANRDU 5,3,1980
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/7H/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Leukemia

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
BANRDU 5,3,1980
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 3536 mg/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
BANRDU 5,35,1980
oral/mouse toxic dose: 76 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors
NCITR* NCI-TR-55,1978
oral/mouse toxic dose: 38 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors
NCITR* NCI-TR-55,1978
oral/rat toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Vascular: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Tumors
NCITR* NCI-TR-55,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5286 mg/kg/69W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
BANRDU 5,35,1980
oral/rat toxic dose: 38 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Vascular: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Tumors
NCITR* NCI-TR-55,1978
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1120 gm/kg/74W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
JJIND8 63,1433,1979

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Mouse, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 14.3 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 30 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 37,50,2016
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 15 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic
TIVIEQ 37,50,2016
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 7.5 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on Na-K pump
TIVIEQ 37,50,2016
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9.7 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
inhalation/cat Lethal concentration: >3000 ppm/7HJPETAB 84,53,1945
inhalation/Dog Lowest published lethal concentration: 20000 mg/m3/4HVCVGH* -,359,1990
inhalation/guinea pig Lowest published lethal concentration: 8000 mg/m3/8HVCVGH* -,359,1990
inhalation/guinea pig Lowest published lethal concentration: 1500 ppm/7HEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
JPETAB 84,53,1945
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 6 mg/m3/15MCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BPVCVGH* -,262,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/6HGastrointestinal: Nausea or vomitingVCVGH* -,262,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/2HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Headache

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
VCVGH* -,262,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 250000 mg/m3/30MBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Headache

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
VCVGH* -,262,1990
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) Lethal concentration: >3000 ppm/7HJPETAB 84,53,1945
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/1HPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Coma

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
PCOC** -,500,1966
inhalation/monkey lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3000 ppm/7H85JCAE -,93,1986
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 18000 mg/m3/20MEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Ataxia
VCVGH* -,260,1990
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 17500 mg/m3/2HBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,307,1990
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1060 mg/m3/6HVCVGH* -,359,1990
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 5 gm/m3/2HAEPPAE 141,19,1929
inhalation/pig Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm/7HEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
JPETAB 84,53,1945
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3/40MBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVGH* -,260,1990
inhalation/rabbit Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm/7HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
JPETAB 84,53,1945
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 mg/m3/8HEye: Corneal damageVCVGH* -,366,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/4HOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FCTOD7 48,470,2010
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/4HOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
FCTOD7 48,470,2010
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/4HLiver: Multiple effects

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight
TOXID9 -,225,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4HOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsTOXID9 -,225,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/8HOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsTOXID9 -,225,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/6HLiver: Other changesTOXID9 -,200,2008
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1000 ppm/7HBehavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
AMIHBC 4,482,1951
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 81000 mg/m3/20MBehavioral: ComaVCVGH* -,359,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5100 mg/m3/6HVCVGH* -,359,1990
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kgBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferasesAIHAAP 35,21,1974
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 470 mg/kgARZNAD 11,902,1961
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 65.2 mg/kgBehavioral: Change in psychophysiological testsTXAPA9 279,103,2014
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 807 mg/kgGTPZAB 26(4),26,1982
intratracheal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 120 mg/kgNTIS** OTS0520615
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 175 mg/kgQJPPAL 7,205,1934
oral/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5700 mg/kgEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Ataxia
FAONAU 48A,91,1970
oral/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2500 mg/kgVCVGH* -,360,1990
oral/Dog lethal dose (75 percent kill): 1.5 mL/kgGastrointestinal: Other changes

Liver: Jaundice (or hyperbilirubinemia) hepatocellular

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
TOVEFN (2),6,2004
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 0.5 mL/kgVCVGH* -,360,1990
oral/human lowest published lethal dose: 286 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
CLCEAL 86,203,1947
oral/human lowest published toxic dose: 428 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
SOMEAU 22(10),132,1958
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 892 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified
WILEAR 28,983,1975
oral/man lowest published lethal dose: 714 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Cardiac: Change in rate

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis
KLWOAZ 48,822,1970
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 413 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Other changes
EVHPAZ 43,41,1982
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 413 mg/kgVCVGH* -,359,1990
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 340 mg/kgImmunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
TOVEFN (1),14,2007
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 0.7 mL/kgVCVGH* -,360,1990
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 860 mg/kgGUCHAZ 6,264,1973
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kgVCVGH* -,359,1990
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 628 mg/kgLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXCYAC 178,229,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 43 mg/kgLiver: Other changesTOXID9 -,200,2008
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2800 mg/kgEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Ataxia
FAONAU 48A,91,1970
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 380 mg/kgJPETAB 84,53,1945
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 1200 mg/kgQJPPAL 7,205,1934
subcutaneous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 gm/kgEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Ataxia
FAONAU 48A,91,1970
unreported route/human lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kgVCVGH* -,262,1990

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/cat lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/7H/11W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldJIHTAB 28(4),113,1946
inhalation/Dog lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 ppm/7H/5D- intermittentEye: Corneal damage

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
AROPAW 32,391,1944
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/7H/25W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldJIHTAB 28(4),113,1946
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 ppm/7H/5D- intermittentCardiac: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
JPETAB 84,53,1945
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/7H/9W- intermittentBehavioral: Coma

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
JIHTAB 28(4),113,1946
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/7H/9D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldJIHTAB 28(4),113,1946
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1.2 gm/m3/3.5H/3D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
NETEEC 44,105,2014
inhalation/mouse Inhibitor Concentration Low: 9800 mg/m3/28D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TXCYAC 380,38,2017
inhalation/mouse Inhibitor Concentration Low: 9800 mg/m3/28D- intermittentBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: TransaminasesTXCYAC 380,38,2017
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppm/7H/19W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldJIHTAB 28(4),113,1946
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic dose: 200 ppm/6H/3D- intermittentLiver: Other changesTOXID9 -,200,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/7H/6W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldJIHTAB 28(4),113,1946
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 ppm/7H/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
JPETAB 84,53,1945
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 43680 mg/kg/13W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight
NTPTR* NIH-91-3123
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 685 mg/kg/14D- intermittentBlood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response
EVHPAZ 43,41,1982
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21840 mg/kg/13W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight
NTPTR* NIH-91-3123
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/10D- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
DCTODJ 17,463,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 129 mg/kg/3D- intermittentLiver: Other changesTOXID9 -,200,2008

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 20,429,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 71,501,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human No Adequate DataIMEMDT 20,429,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 71,501,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2BIMEMDT 71,501,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAJMEAZ 38,409,1965
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWVHTODE 22,31,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWDCTODJ 5,319,1982
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTIS** PB82-182825
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 127,111,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,151,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMMUEG 39,69,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 628,67,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWBCLPT* 96,131,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,561,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHTOPA* 1,501,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 590,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 727,42,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 751,49,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 55,596,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 59,364,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESCancelledRBREV* -,179,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,79,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypttime-weighted average 5 ppm (2 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIATRK-TMW 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);KZW 20 ppm (80 mg/m3), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 10 ppm (41 mg/m3), Carcinogen, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), C2 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYceiling concentration 10 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), carc, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), 2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 5 ppm (21 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDtime-weighted average 50 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 60 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 30 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 7 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 5 ppm (21 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 50 ppm;ceiling concentration 100 ppm;Pk 200 ppm/5M/3HCFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE-air10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 1 ppm;short term exposure limit 2 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 24130; Number of Industries 38; Total Number of Facilities 2226; Number of Occupations 61; Total Number of Employees Exposed 83246; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 33361
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 24130; Number of Industries 92; Total Number of Facilities 7148; Number of Occupations 60; Total Number of Employees Exposed 77671

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/2001/109103/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-nondisjunction; E coli polA without S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-whole sex chrom. loss
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);clear evidence:mouse,ratNCITR* NCI-TR-55,1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 25, 1978, AND BULLETIN 27, 1978
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-04, October 2000
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #03
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018