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Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)

RTECS #
JO1400000
CAS #
137-26-8; 12680-07-8; 12680-62-5; 39456-80-9; 66173-72-6; 93196-73-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
240.44
Molecular Formula
C6H12N2S4
Synonyms
Accelerator thiuram
Aceto TETD
alpha,alpha'-Dithiobis(dimethylthio)formamide
Arasan
Arasan 42-S
Arasan 70
Arasan 75
Arasan-M
Arasan-SF
Arasan-SF-X
Aules
Bis((dimethylamino)carbonothioyl) disulphide
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulphide
Bis(dimethyl-thiocarbamoyl)-disulfid (German)
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide
Chipco thiram 75
Cyuram DS
Disolfuro di tetrametiltiourame (Italian)
Disulfure de tetramethylthiourame (French)
Ekagom TB
Falitiram
Fermide
Fernacol
Fernasan
Fernasan A
Fernide
Flo Pro T Seed Protectant
FMC 2070
Formamide, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-dimethylthio-
Hermal
Hermat TMT
Heryl
Hexathir
Kregasan
Mercuram
Methyl thiram
Methyl thiuramdisulfide
Methyl tuads
Micropearls
N,N'-(Dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis(N-methylmethanamine)
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylthiuram disulfide
N,N-Tetramethylthiuram disulphide
Nobecutan
Nomersan
Normersan
Panoram 75
Polyram ultra
Pomarsol
Pomarsol forte
Pomasol
Puralin
Radothiram
RCRA waste number U244
Rezifilm
Royal TMTD
Sadoplon
Spotrete
Spotrete-F
SQ 1489
Tersan
Tersan 75
Tetramethyl thiurane disulfide
Tetramethyl thiurane disulphide
Tetramethyldiurane sulphite
Tetramethylenethiuram disulphide
Tetramethylthiocarbamoyldisulphide
Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide
Tetramethylthioramdisulfide (Dutch)
Tetramethyl-thiram disulfid (German)
Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide
Tetramethylthiuram bisulphide
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide
Tetramethylthiuram disulphide
Tetramethylthiuran disulphide
Tetramethylthiurum disulfide
Tetramethylthiurum disulphide
Tetrapom
Tetrathiuram disulfide
Tetrathiuram disulphide
Thillate
Thimer
Thioknock
Thiosan
Thiotox (fungicide)
Thiram
Thiram (ACGIH:OSHA)
Thiram 75
Thiram B
Thiramad
Thirame (French)
Thirasan
Thiulix
Thiurad
Thiuram
Thiuram D
Thiuram disulfide, tetramethyl-
Thiuram M
Thiuram M rubber accelerator
Thiuramin
Thiuramyl
Thylate
Tigam
Tirampa
Tiuram (Polish)
Tiuramyl
TMTD
TMTDS
Trametan
Tridipam
Tripomol
Tuads
TUEX
Tulisan
USAF B-30
USAF EK-2089
USAF P-5
Vancida TM-95
Vancide TM
VUAgT-I-4
Vulcafor TMTD
Vulkacit MTIC
Vulkacit thiuram
Vulkacit thiuram/C
ZUPA S 80

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 100 mg/24H moderate28ZPAK -,278,1972
eye /rabbit 100%HPV407 -,-,2001
eye /rabbit 100 mg mildHPV407 -,-,2001
skin /rabbit 100% mildHPV407 -,-,2001

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisoral/mouse80 mg/kg/3D-continuousFCTOD7 25,709,1987
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster5600 µg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step)HPV407 ,,2001
DNA Damageoral/mouse2400 mg/kg/8D-continuousFCTOD7 36,155,1998
DNA Damagelymphocyte/human100 µg/LFCTOD7 36,155,1998
DNA inhibitionlymphocyte/human1 mg/LARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA inhibitionother cell types/rat100 µg/LARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA repair/Salmonella typhimurium50 µg/plateMUREAV 89,1,1981
DNA repair/Bacillus subtilis2 µg/discMUREAV 40,19,1976
Dominant Lethal Testoral/mouse150 mg/kg/8W-continuousFCTOD7 35,523,1997
micronucleus testintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgFCTOD7 23,373,1985
micronucleus testlymphocyte/human5 mg/LFCTOD7 36,155,1998
morphological transformoral/rat2520 mg/kg/6WCRNGDP 9,387,1988
mutation in mammalian somatic cellslung/hamster5 mg/LFCTOD7 23,373,1985
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium50 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)HPV407 ,,2001
mutation in microorganisms/Other microorganisms1000 ppm (-enzymatic activation step)MMAPAP 50,233,1973
mutation in microorganisms/Aspergillus nidulans500 ng/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 89,1,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium50 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 68,9,1979
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium5 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 68,313,1979
phage inhibition capacity/Escherichia coli1 µg/tubeMUREAV 89,1,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans20 ppmMUREAV 89,297,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunctionoral/Drosophila melanogaster4 gm/LSWEHDO 9(Suppl 2),27,1983
sperm morphologyintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgPMRSDJ 2,79,1981
sperm morphologyoral/mouse80 mg/kg/3D-continuousFCTOD7 25,709,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/rat 1200 mg/kg (7-12D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
TXAPA9 35,83,1976
oral/rat 300 mg/kg (15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
GISAAA 43(6),37,1978
oral/rat 1190 mg/kg (16-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)TXAPA9 35,83,1976
oral/rat 550 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralAEEDDS 2,215,1976
oral/rat 420 mg/kg (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
GISAAA 51(6),23,1986
oral/rat 1800 mg/kg (1Y male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductIJEBA6 36,390,1998
oral/mouse 100 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
ATXKA8 30,251,1973
oral/mouse 300 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)ATXKA8 30,251,1973
oral/mouse 80 mg/kg (3D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)FCTOD7 25,709,1987
oral/hamster 125 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemTXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/hamster 250 mg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)TXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/hamster 250 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wallTXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/hamster 300 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/mammal (species unspecified) 848 mg/kg (60D prior to copulation/1-53D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)TOXID9 4,20,1984
oral/rat 125 mg/kg (6-10D pregnant)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
TOXID9 44,229,2005
oral/rat 291.6 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Other effects on male

Reproductive: Other effects on female
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat 150 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects on male

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/hamster 250 mg/kg (7-8D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/hamster 500 mg/kg (7-8D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
HPV407 -,-,2001
parenteral/rat 400 mg/kg (4-11D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
BEXBAN 93,107,1982
parenteral/rat 800 mg/kg (2D male/2D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
BEXBAN 93,107,1982
subcutaneous/mouse 90 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
NTIS** PB223-160
subcutaneous/mouse 1035 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)NTIS** PB223-160
unreported route/rat 50 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
HBPTO* 1,738,2001

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 108 mg/kg/1Y- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
RPZHAW 31,67,1980
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kgNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
FCTOD7 34,283,1996
skin/mouse toxic dose: 15300 mg/kg/51W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
FCTOD7 34,283,1996
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 46 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Blood: Tumors
NTIS** PB223-159

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, kidney Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 17.38 µmol/L/2HEndocrine: Other changesTIVIEQ 40,66,2017
In Vitro/Human, kidney Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 47.86 µmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 40,66,2017
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 7 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7 mg/L/48HImmunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune responseTIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7 mg/L/24HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 10.0 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9.11 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 90.9 mg/L/30MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 57.6 mg/L/30MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 180 mg/L/30MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1170,2013
In Vitro/Human, lung fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 µmol/L/6HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 28,209,2014
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 3 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration Low: 12 mg/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1233,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.8 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTXAPA9 245,281,2010
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 48.1 mg/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 27,314,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 48.1 mg/L/4HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,314,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 1.04 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1127,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 26.6 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 23.3 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 23.7 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 18.8 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.02 pph/6HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,2213,2013
In Vitro/jrdInhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.8 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 28,626,2014
In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/4HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 235,199,2015
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 30 µg/m3/5Y- intermittentEye: Conjunctiva irritation

Cardiac: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi
VRDEA5 (10),136,1971
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4420 mg/m3/4HEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased
HPV407 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4400 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 70 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 138 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 138 mg/kgBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
JNPHAG 9,35,1978
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kgBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)TOXID9 66,126,2002
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kgLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Liver function tests impaired
TOXID9 66,126,2002
oral/cat lowest published lethal dose: 230 mg/kgBehavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Analgesia
JPETAB 17,349,1921
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1250 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair
GTPZAB 6(7),28,1962
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1350 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 210 mg/kgKOKABN 26,358,1977
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/kgBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesteraseTXAPA9 11,546,1967
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1800 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
oral/wild bird lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kgAECTCV 12,355,1983
skin/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 1000 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
skin/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
skin/rat lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)ATDAEI 15(Suppl 1),S76,1996
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1109 mg/kgNNGADV 15,507,1990
subcutaneous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 646 mg/kgHPV407 -,-,2001
unreported route/chicken lethal dose (50 percent kill): 840 mg/kgVETNAL 54(2),70,1978
unreported route/domestic animal lethal dose (50 percent kill): 225 mg/kgVETNAL 54(2),70,1978
unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kgGISAAA 45(5),29,1980
unreported route/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1150 mg/kgKOKABN 26,358,1977
unreported route/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 210 mg/kgVETNAL 54(2),70,1978
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 740 mg/kgKOKABN 26,358,1977
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kgEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionHBPTO* 1,738,2001

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 91 mg/m3/26W- intermittentCardiac: Other changesTPKVAL 15,3,1979
oral/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 29120 mg/kg/2Y- intermittentEye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other)

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
JTSCDR 5,269,1980
oral/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 1120 mg/kg/4W- intermittentEye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
NNGADV 15,507,1990
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 12222 mg/kg/97W- intermittentBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 24444 mg/kg/97W- intermittentBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 48888 mg/kg/97W- intermittentBlood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1560 µg/kg/3D- intermittentVascular: Other changesBJCAAI 86,779,2002
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 12000 µg/kg/4W- intermittentVascular: Other changes

Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously
BJCAAI 86,779,2002
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 4680 µg/kg/3W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously
BJCAAI 86,779,2002
oral/pig lowest published toxic dose: 1820 µg/kg/1Y- continuousCardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Cardiac: Other changes
CUTOEX 1,221,1993
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 1520 mg/kg/15W- intermittentVascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
GTPZAB 6(7),28,1962
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/5D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in LHTOXID9 44,229,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 387.5 mg/kg/31D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changesTOXID9 44,352,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1550 mg/kg/31D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in LHTOXID9 44,352,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3200 mg/kg/4D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightTOXID9 66,339,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/4D- intermittentEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionTOXID9 66,339,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2250 mg/kg/90D- intermittentGastrointestinal: Gastritis

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5.46 gm/kg/13W- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 13.65 gm/kg/13W- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3.276 gm/kg/13W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6552 mg/kg/104W- intermittentBlood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 13104 mg/kg/104W- intermittentBlood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/90D- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
INHEAO 31,59,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 406 mg/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
BCTKAG 17,69,1984
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7D- continuousBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals
ARTODN 48,29,1981
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10920 mg/kg/2Y- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JTSCDR 5,269,1980
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1680 mg/kg/4W- continuousBlood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
NNGADV 15,507,1990

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 (sen)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 12,225,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human No Adequate DataIMEMDT 12,225,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 53,403,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 53,403,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 3IMEMDT 53,403,1991
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCNDQA8 10(3),43,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 21,93,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,86,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,179,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,561,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHETOEA 26,321,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFEREAC 74,47507,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFEREAC 74,48386,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 21,343,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 723,108,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 268,157,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 56,54,2010

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESSupportedRBREV* -,154,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3DTLVS* 3,257,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 5 mg/m3;KZW 25 mg/m3, inhal, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 5 mg/m3, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 1 mg/m3, inhal, skin, sen, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 0.1 mg/m3, s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.01 mg/m3, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 1 mg/m3, KZG-week 2 mg/m3, inhal, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILANDtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 5 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO THIRAM-air10H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 71900; Number of Industries 23; Total Number of Facilities 2234; Number of Occupations 48; Total Number of Employees Exposed 47798; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 9520
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 71900; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 1502; Number of Occupations 37; Total Number of Employees Exposed 17330

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Thiram, 5005
On EPA IRIS database
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018