Carbon monoxide
RTECS #
FG3500000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
28.01
Molecular Formula
CO
Synonyms
Carbon monoxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Carbon oxide (CO)
Carbone (oxyde de) (French)
Carbonic oxide
Carbonio (ossido di) (Italian)
CO
Exhaust gas
Flue gas
Kohlenmonoxid (German)
Kohlenoxyd (German)
Koolmonoxyde (Dutch)
Oxyde de carbone (French)
Wegla tlenek (Polish)
Carbon oxide (CO)
Carbone (oxyde de) (French)
Carbonic oxide
Carbonio (ossido di) (Italian)
CO
Exhaust gas
Flue gas
Kohlenmonoxid (German)
Kohlenoxyd (German)
Koolmonoxyde (Dutch)
Oxyde de carbone (French)
Wegla tlenek (Polish)
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| micronucleus test | inhalation/mouse | 1500 ppm/10M | YOMJA9 27,205,1986 |
| sister chromatid exchange | inhalation/mouse | 2500 ppm/10M | YOMJA9 27,205,1986 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 75 ppm/24H (0-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | BRREAP 844,201,1999 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm/24H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | TXAPA9 56,370,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm/24H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETOD7 2,7,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | 1 mg/m3/24H (72D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | HYSAAV 35(4-6),277,1970 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm/24H (0-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | LIFSAK 59,1553,1996 |
| inhalation/rat | 75 ppm/24H (0-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system | PHTOEH 73,274,1993 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm (0-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | JPETAB 294,728,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | 65 ppm/24H (7-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TJADAB 29(2),8B,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | 250 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 19,385,1979 |
| inhalation/mouse | 125 ppm/24H (7-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TJADAB 30,253,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | 8 pph/1H (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | FPNJAG 11,301,1958 |
| inhalation/mouse | 8 pph/1H (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | FPNJAG 11,301,1958 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 180 ppm/24H (1-30D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | LANCAO 2,1220,1972 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | 200 ppm/10H (23-61D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | JNENAD 59,218,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | 103 mg/m3 (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/mouse | 103 mg/m3 (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | 550 mg/m3 (20-40D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | 480 mg/m3 (20-50D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | 100 mg/m3 (10W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | 100 mg/m3 (10W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | TOLED5 135,S82,2002 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 ppm (7-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | REPTED 20,453,2005 |
| inhalation/mouse | 125 ppm (1-7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | REPTED 22,263,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm (0-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R163,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | 125 ppm (1-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth | BDERB* 77,216,2006 |
| inhalation/mouse | 65 ppm (1-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | BDERB* 77,216,2006 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 ppm (8-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system | BDERB* 68,355,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 ppm (8-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TSPSA* -,255,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 ppm (8-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TERP2* -,304,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | 150 ppm (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | NRTXDN 53,31,2016 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 ppm/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 53,31,2016 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3000 ppm/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 253,1,2016 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3000 ppm/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 233,16,2015 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/60M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/20M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 500 mg/m3/30M | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 34400 mg/m3/3M | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/30M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/Dog | Lowest published lethal concentration: 23000 mg/m3/20M | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/Dog | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm/46M | HBAMAK 4,1360,1935 | |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/45M | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP | TXCYAC 165,97,2001 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/65M | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | TXCYAC 165,97,2001 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/95M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | TXCYAC 165,97,2001 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/100M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | TXCYAC 165,97,2001 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/120M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | TXCYAC 165,97,2001 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/150M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | TXCYAC 165,97,2001 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph | Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 179,79,2002 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/120M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 186,143,2003 |
| inhalation/domestic animal | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1 pph/2H | Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: General anesthetic | TXCYAC 209,237,2005 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5718 ppm/4H | TXAPA9 17,752,1970 | |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/30M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,309,1988 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4600 mg/m3/2H | VCVN1* -,309,1988 | |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 10300 mg/m3/60M | VCVN1* -,309,1988 | |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/5M | TABIA2 3,231,1933 | |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4 mg/m3/12H | Behavioral: Coma Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | TOVEFN (4),26,1999 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m3/10M | Behavioral: Headache | GTPZAB 31(4),34,1987 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 6 mg/m3/25M | Eye: Other eye effects | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 11 mg/m3/5H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 31 mg/m3/3H | Eye: Visual field changes | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 33 mg/m3/6H | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/2H | Ear: Change in acuity Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/5H | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 55 mg/m3/8H | Eye: Other eye effects | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 60 mg/m3/6H | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 80 mg/m3/3H | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVN1* -,313,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 220 mg/m3/1H | Behavioral: Headache | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 220 mg/m3/3H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 230 mg/m3/6H | Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 440 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 440 mg/m3/1H | Behavioral: Headache Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 460 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Headache Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 660 mg/m3/2H | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 660 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/5M | Behavioral: Headache Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/20M | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Behavioral: Muscle weakness | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/3H | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | VCVN1* -,314,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 880 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 880 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1260 mg/m3/90M | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Behavioral: Coma Behavioral: Tetany | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1300 mg/m3/2H | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Behavioral: Headache | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1350 mg/m3/33M | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1760 mg/m3/20M | Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1760 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1800 mg/m3/1H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Cardiac: Change in force of contraction | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/12M | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 mg/m3/1H | VCVN1* -,315,1988 | |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 2300 mg/m3/30M | Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 3520 mg/m3/5M | Behavioral: Headache | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 3520 mg/m3/30M | Behavioral: General anesthetic Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3400 mg/m3/20M | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 mg/m3/17M | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Tetany | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5700 mg/m3/2M | VCVN1* -,315,1988 | |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 14080 mg/m3/1M | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVN1* -,315,1988 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/5M | AEPPAE 138,65,1928 | |
| inhalation/man | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm/30M | 29ZWAE -,207,1968 | |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/45M | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | AIHAAP 34,212,1973 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 1145 mg/m3/30M | Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Multiple effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVN1* -,309,1988 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2444 ppm/4H | TXAPA9 17,752,1970 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2230 mg/m3/2H | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1900 mg/m3/2H | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1H | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | TXAPA9 273,410,2013 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/1H | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 273,410,2013 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/1H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | NETEEC 61,92,2017 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/40M | Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXAPA9 194,280,2004 |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm | HBAMAK 4,1360,1935 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/2H | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | VCVN1* -,309,1988 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 6600 mg/m3/10M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN1* -,309,1988 |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 17200 mg/m3/40M | VCVN1* -,309,1988 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 20000 mg/m3/60M | VCVN1* -,309,1988 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1807 ppm/4H | TXAPA9 17,752,1970 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/m3/4H | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 88 mg/m3/20M | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 176 mg/m3/20M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1900 mg/m3/4H | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/11M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVN1* -,308,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13500 mg/m3/15M | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/5M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Blood: Other changes | TOXID9 72,297,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 pph/40M | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | ARTODN 76,596,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm | Blood: Other changes | TOXID9 66,345,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 12000 ppm | TOXID9 66,345,2002 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 6600 ppm/30M | ENTOX* -,639,2005 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 ppm/60M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TXCYAC 225,138,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24000 ppm/4M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | INHTE5 17,755,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal dose (30 percent kill): 24000 ppm/5M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis | INHTE5 17,755,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 ppm/5M | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | INHTE5 17,755,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 24000 ppm/4M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | INHTE5 17,755,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (30 percent kill): 24000 ppm/5M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis | INHTE5 17,755,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/5M | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | INHTE5 17,755,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/60M | Behavioral: General anesthetic | TOLED5 170,111,2007 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/120M | Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning | TOLED5 170,111,2007 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 pph/10M | Cardiac: Other changes | BCLPT* 98,565,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 mg/m3/90M | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOVEFN (6),2,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm/40M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 262,146,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/40M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TXCYAC 264,69,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/1H | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 86,56,2015 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm/1H | FCTOD7 86,56,2015 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5200 mg/m3/1H | VCVN1* -,308,1988 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/40M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on cyclic nucleotides | TXCYAC 288,49,2011 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/40M | Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) | TXAPA9 194,280,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1005 ppm/90M | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | TOLED5 145,101,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/2H | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | TXCYAC 194,51,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/15M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | TXCYAC 194,51,2003 |
| inhalation/wild bird | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1334 ppm | AECTCV 12,355,1983 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2240.8 µg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JPETAB 319,1265,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35 mL/kg | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | NETEEC 23,157,2001 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/5H/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia | GISAAA 30(5),30,1965 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/5H/30W- intermittent | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP | GISAAA 31(3),102,1966 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/24H/90D- continuous | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 19,46,1971 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/10W- continuous | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | VCVN1* -,318,1988 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 16 pph/48H-continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVN1* -,329,1988 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 pph/30D- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVN1* -,329,1988 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/24H/90D- continuous | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 19,46,1971 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m3/90D- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/30D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | NKYZA2 10,16,1972 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/10W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/3H/13W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage | GISAAA 24(6),22,1959 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/24H/8W- continuous | Blood: Changes in platelet count | JEPTDQ 4(1),351,1980 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m3/1Y- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 170 mg/m3/45D- intermittent | Vascular: Structural changes in vessels | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 4.5 pph/13D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVN1* -,329,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/10W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 53 mg/m3/30D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/1W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVN1* -,316,1988 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 105 ppm/7D- continuous | Cardiac: Cardiomegaly Blood: Other changes Cardiac: Change in force of contraction | ETOPFR 8,23,1999 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 315 ppm/21D- continuous | Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) | ETOPFR 8,23,1999 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/1H/14D- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes | TOPADD 15,366,1987 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/8H/10W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity | GISAAA 26(3),3,1961 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 96 ppm/24H/90D- continuous | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 19,46,1971 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/5H/20D- intermittent | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | BECTA6 13,537,1975 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 375 mg/m3/5H/20W- intermittent | Vascular: Structural changes in vessels Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes | WDZAEK 6,133,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mL/kg/7D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | CYLPDN 21,360,2000 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mL/kg/7D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | CYLPDN 22,423,2001 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5983 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOLED5 1,275,1978 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 25 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENVRAL 10,236,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AOHYA3 17,143,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLCHAU 19,361,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AJMEAZ 38,409,1965 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FNSCA6 2,67,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AOHYA3 17,159,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTIS** CONF-691001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BPAAAG 135,350,1967 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTCTDW 39,1,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 187,25,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 558,7,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CTOXAO 39,35,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMAJAX 166,1685,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 180,139,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,3,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,183,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ARPTDI 45,147,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 32,259,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 46,551,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,639,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PAREAQ 57,585,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FSINDR 161,41,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FSINDR 164,164,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ITODC* -,327,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,247,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,661,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MCLNA* 89,1161,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 29,361,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,3,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,45,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 636,144,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 636,36,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PTPAD4 113,229,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AIRMJ* 21,10,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CPEMM* 9,43,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTCWA* 2,271, | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JFSCAS 19,211,1979 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 29,1,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 15,711,1997 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 18,215,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NCLNA* 16,107,1998 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 23,485,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NBREV* 5,1,1981 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PRESR* 7,123,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,265,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,617,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,671,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,689,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,711,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,747,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,753,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 717,38,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 717,46,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 28,485,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 203,20,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 762,76,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 765,19,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 275,145,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 325,74,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 94,93,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,25,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,68,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 32,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 61,120,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 36,105,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 262,142,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 60,50,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,247,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | VETODR ,197,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | VETODR ,215,2018 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,41,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 30 ppm (34 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 30 ppm (33 mg/m3);KZW 60 ppm (66 mg/m3), 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 30 ppm (35 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (87 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 30 ppm (35 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 33 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 132 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-INDIA | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (440 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (57 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (440 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 400 ppm (400 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | short term exposure limit 200 ppm (15 min), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | short term exposure limit 100 ppm (30 min), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | short term exposure limit 50 ppm (60 min), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 35 ppm (40 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 30 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 180 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 200 mg/m3 (15M), JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 100 mg/m3 (30M), JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 50 mg/m3 (1H), JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 35 ppm (40 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (120 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 30 ppm (35 mg/m3), JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 29 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 30 ppm (35 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 200 ppm (232 mg/m3), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CARBON MONOXIDE-air | 8H time-weighted average 35 ppm;ceiling concentration 200 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 17460; Number of Industries 24; Total Number of Facilities 1950; Number of Occupations 52; Total Number of Employees Exposed 68434; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 7860 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 17460; Number of Industries 43; Total Number of Facilities 2593; Number of Occupations 68; Total Number of Employees Exposed 32958 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health