(1)Benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6ah)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2-alpha-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-
RTECS #
DJ2800000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
394.45
Molecular Formula
C23H22O6
Synonyms
(-)-cis-Rotenone
(-)-Rotenone
5'-beta-Rotenone
Barbasco
Canex
Cenol garden dust
Chem fish
Chem-Mite
Cube
Cube extract
Cube root
Cube-Pulver
Cubor
Curex flea duster
Dactinol
Deril
Derrin
Derris
Derris (insecticide)
Dri-Kil
ENT 133
Extrax
Fish-Tox
Gerane
Green cross warble powder
Haiari
Liquid derris
Mexide
NCI-C55210
Nekoe
Nicouline
Noxfish
Paraderil
Powder and root
Prenfish
Pro-Nox fish
Ro-KO
Ronone
Rotefive
Rotefour
Rotenon
Rotenona (Spanish)
Rotenone
Rotenone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Rotenone commercial
Rotenox 5EC
Rotessenol
Rotocide
Synpren
Tubatoxin
(-)-Rotenone
5'-beta-Rotenone
Barbasco
Canex
Cenol garden dust
Chem fish
Chem-Mite
Cube
Cube extract
Cube root
Cube-Pulver
Cubor
Curex flea duster
Dactinol
Deril
Derrin
Derris
Derris (insecticide)
Dri-Kil
ENT 133
Extrax
Fish-Tox
Gerane
Green cross warble powder
Haiari
Liquid derris
Mexide
NCI-C55210
Nekoe
Nicouline
Noxfish
Paraderil
Powder and root
Prenfish
Pro-Nox fish
Ro-KO
Ronone
Rotefive
Rotefour
Rotenon
Rotenona (Spanish)
Rotenone
Rotenone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Rotenone commercial
Rotenox 5EC
Rotessenol
Rotocide
Synpren
Tubatoxin
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 1% | mild | PSEBAA 34,135,1936 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 100 ng/L/20H | MUREAV 651,56,2008 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 1 mmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 15 µmol/L | MUREAV 368,59,1996 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/mouse | 1 mg/L | JNCIAM 56,357,1976 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 250 µg/L | MUREAV 414,1,1998 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 0.5 µg/L/20H | MUREAV 651,56,2008 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 5 µg/L/7D | MUTAEX 20,51,2005 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 250 µg/L | EMMUEG 12,85,1988 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lung/hamster | 50 µg/L | MUREAV 263,173,1991 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 600 µg/L | NTPTR* NTP-TR-320,1988 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | 100 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | JTEHD6 10,111,1982 |
| oral/rat | 50 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | JTEHD6 10,111,1982 |
| oral/rat | 2960 µg/kg (6-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | BECTA6 28,360,1982 |
| oral/rat | 98 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | BECTA6 28,360,1982 |
| oral/mouse | 288 mg/kg (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | HBPTO* 1,126,2001 |
| oral/rat | 132 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | HBPTO* 2,1185,2001 |
| oral/rat | 50 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | HBPTO* 2,1185,2001 |
| oral/rat | 132 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | HBPTO* 2,1185,2001 |
| oral/mouse | 504 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | HBPTO* 2,1185,2001 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 71 mg/kg/42D- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | CNREA8 33,3047,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | toxic dose: 68 mg/kg/40D- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | BJCAAI 36,243,1977 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 3285 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Thyroid tumors | DCTODJ 11,225,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3244.5 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors | NTIS** PB89-139760/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1369.9 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | NTIS** PB89-139760/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3245 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-320,1988 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.001 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 50,56,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, endothelium | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | JOETD7 193,524,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, erythrocytes | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Hemolysis in vitro | TXCYAC 300,132,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, erythrocytes | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 300,132,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.002 µmol/L/120M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,560,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.00 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,511,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 26,1272,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1272,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.3 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,511,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.6 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,511,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 48.6 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,582,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 12.1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.0131 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 29,732,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,732,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.05 µmol/L/29M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,732,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.0131 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.128 µmol/L/1H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, melanoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 nmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | NETOX* 32,702,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, melanoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 350 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FTRPAE 83,1184,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NRTXDN 32,857,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NRTXDN 32,857,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | NRTXDN 32,857,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 nmol/L/2W | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | NRTXDN 32,857,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 238,70,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 45,81,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 nmol/L | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TOLED5 260,8,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 271,74,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 238,70,2015 |
| In Vitro/iag | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 54,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/iag | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 54,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/iag | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 400 nmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 54,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 54,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 nmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 54,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NETEEC 47,16,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.002 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 264,167,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 nmol/L/120M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 290,31,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TXCYAC 328,75,2015 |
| In Vitro/mvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 45,81,2017 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NRTXDN 33,53,2012 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 nmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 33,429,2012 |
| In Vitro/Pig, spermatozoa | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.36 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,582,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rabbit, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/1H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 272,490,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | JOETD7 159,93,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | NRTXDN 43,102,2014 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.9 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | NRTXDN 43,102,2014 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 252,62,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 271,74,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 271,74,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 45,81,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 nmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 233,163,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, glioma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 238,70,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXAPA9 302,23,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.00 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,511,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 nmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 234,162,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | NRTXDN 53,302,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 nmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 30,545,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 nmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 30,545,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15 nmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 30,545,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 45,81,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 nmol/L/7D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TXAPA9 322,51,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 44,204,2014 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20 mg/m3 | HBPTO* 2,1183,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 500 mg/m3/30M | FRPSAX 20,270,1965 | |
| intracerebral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15.8 µg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 272,17,2010 |
| intracerebral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 µg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | NRTXDN 52,72,2016 |
| intracerebral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 96 µg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | NRTXDN 65,9,2018 |
| intracerebral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 43.6 µg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TOLED5 238,70,2015 |
| intramuscular/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | JPETAB 43,193,1931 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 10 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | PSEBAA 34,135,1936 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 2 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1.6 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1182,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1600 µg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP | FRPSAX 20,270,1965 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | BCPCA6 67,2141,2004 |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 650 µg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 650 µg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| intravenous/pigeon | lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 350 µg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 µg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP | FRPSAX 20,270,1965 |
| oral/chicken | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 996 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| oral/domestic bird | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 850 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/duck | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2 gm/kg | DOEAAH 35,25,1979 | |
| oral/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 4 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 12 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 75 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (70 percent kill): 60 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach | PSEBAA 34,135,1936 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | 34ZIAG -,521,1969 |
| oral/human | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | ENTOX* ,744,2005 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2800 µg/kg | EVHPAZ 14,109,1976 | |
| oral/pig | lowest published lethal dose: 3700 µg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JAVMA4 130,410,1957 |
| oral/pigeon | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 1500 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (70 percent kill): 3000 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 1600 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | JPETAB 43,193,1931 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (70 percent kill): 600 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | TOLED5 266,42,2017 |
| oral/wild bird | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 195 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >1 gm/kg | SPEADM 78-1,5,1978 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >940 mg/kg | WRPCA2 9,119,1970 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 16 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg | JPETAB 43,193,1931 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg | Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | EJPHAZ 466,263,2003 |
| Tank with water/Other invertebrate | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1.90 mg/L/48H | FTRPAE 83,732 ,2012 | |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | Inhibitor Concentration: 0.2 µg/l/4W | Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | NRTXDN 58,103,2017 |
| unreported route/frog | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2 ppm | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 | |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 294 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 132 mg/kg | JPFCD2 15,929,1980 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.1 mg/kg/42D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Breasts, lactation (prior to or during pregnancy) | HBPTO* 1,124,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 87.5 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) | BPBLEO 28,169,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.5 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | FCTOD7 50,1529,2012 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | NRTXDN 33,347,2012 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | TXAPA9 240,198,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 55 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 65,174,2018 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 1820 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HBPTO* 1,124,2001 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | HBPTO* 1,125,2001 |
| oral/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/9D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTIS** PB81-190936 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 103824 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Liver: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent | NTIS** PB89-139760/AS |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 54600 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-320,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.45 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell | NRTXDN 51,106,2015 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.05 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | NRTXDN 51,106,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | TOLED5 266,42,2017 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13.5 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Breasts, lactation (prior to or during pregnancy) | HBPTO* 1,124,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1505 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-320,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5460 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-320,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 185 mg/kg/37D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HBPTO* 1,124,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 746.2 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HBPTO* 1,124,2001 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 9130 mg/kg/11W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | TOXID9 60,278,2001 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 9130 mg/kg/11W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Eosinophilia | TOXID9 60,278,2001 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 9130 mg/kg/11W- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 60,278,2001 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 21580 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Other changes | TOXID9 60,278,2001 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | EJPHAZ 466,263,2003 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | CRTOEC 17,1540,2004 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TOLED5 276,108,2017 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | NRTXDN 39,57,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 17.5 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TXCYAC 308,96,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRSCDN 146,741,2007 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NRSCDN 146,741,2007 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | FCLPH* 18(Suppl 1),104,2004 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CTRRDO 60,1171,1976 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 24,184,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 24,395,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PHTOEH 93,105,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EJPHAZ 545,65,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,744,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 651,1,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOXIA6 49,413,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,457,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 20,215,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 29,322,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 29,361,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,3,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,62,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,73,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 47,992,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 667,82,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 23,485,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,199,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,98,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 32,383,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,181,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,3,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,24,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 776,84,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 97,23,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JOETD7 182,200,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 105,456,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 776,1,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 265,106,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 57,350,2016 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,147,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* 3,224,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 5 mg/m3, inhal, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 5 mg/m3, inhal, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 5 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ROTENONE-air | 10H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 67530; Number of Industries 3; Total Number of Facilities 913; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 8100; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 2470 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 67530; Number of Industries 3; Total Number of Facilities 70; Number of Occupations 4; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2937 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health