Benzene, nitro-
RTECS #
DA6475000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
123.12
Molecular Formula
C6H5NO2
Synonyms
Essence of mirbane
Essence of myrbane
Mirbane oil
NCI-C60082
Nitrobenzeen (Dutch)
Nitrobenzen (Polish)
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
Nitrobenzol
Oil of mirbane
Oil of myrbane
RCRA waste number U169
Essence of myrbane
Mirbane oil
NCI-C60082
Nitrobenzeen (Dutch)
Nitrobenzen (Polish)
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
Nitrobenzol
Oil of mirbane
Oil of myrbane
RCRA waste number U169
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 85JCAE -,411,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 85JCAE -,411,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 61.3 µmol/L | MUREAV 608,28,2006 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intratracheal/hamster | 61.3 µmol/L | MUREAV 608,28,2006 |
| DNA adduct | intraperitoneal/mouse | 0.1 µg/kg | TOLED5 139,25,2003 |
| DNA Damage | kidney/rat | 0.125 mmol/L/20H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 300 mg/kg | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| DNA Damage | kidney/human | 0.062 mmol/L/20H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| micronucleus test | kidney/human | 0.25 mmol/L/48H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 0.01 µmol/L/18H | ARTODN 78,49,2004 |
| micronucleus test | kidney/rat | 0.125 mmol/L/48H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 300 mg/kg | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/hamster | 0.1 µmol/L | NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R127,2004 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lung/hamster | 200 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | BLFSBY 39,359,1986 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 5 ppm/6H (90D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 4,181,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | 1260 µg/m3/4H (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | GTPZAB 31(4),48,1987 |
| inhalation/rat | 40 ppm/6H (12W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | FAATDF 8,493,1987 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 41 ppm/6H (7-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | TOXID9 6,93,1986 |
| inhalation/rat | 40 ppm (70D male/70D prior to copulation/22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | 40 ppm (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| oral/rat | 300 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXCYAC 53,219,1988 |
| oral/rat | 1260 mg/kg (21D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JTSCDR 20,15,1995 |
| oral/rat | 3180 mg/kg (2W male/2W pre-3D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | JTSCDR 19,141,1994 |
| oral/rat | 5300 mg/kg (2W male/2W pre-3D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects | JTSCDR 19,141,1994 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | FAATDF 22,328,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | FAATDF 22,328,1994 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2 gm/m3 | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 556 ppm/4H | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Tremor Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | NTIS** 0TS0570970 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral: Coma | RMSRA6 16,449,1896 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 640 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | AGGHAR 17,217,1959 |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | XPHBAO 271,79,1941 | |
| oral/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg | XPHBAO 271,78,1941 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 750 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1375,1935 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOLED5 139,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 590 mg/kg | GTPZAB 25(8),50,1981 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 700 mg/kg | PCOC** -,805,1966 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 349 mg/kg | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | NTIS** OTS0559505 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 682 mg/kg | Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Cardiac: Other changes | TOVEFN (1),24,2002 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 682 mg/kg | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TOVEFN (1),24,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 6,491,1992 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 341 mg/kg | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases | TOLED5 135,S132,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | JTSCDR 25,41,2000 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | ATXKA8 28,208,1971 |
| skin/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 25 gm/kg | HBAMAK 4,1375,1935 | |
| skin/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 480 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | XPHBAO 271,79,1941 |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1375,1935 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2100 mg/kg | GISAAA 24(9),15,1959 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1375,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 286 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | PSEBAA 42,844,1939 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1375,1935 | |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 35 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 460 mg/kg | USXXAM #6127591 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/90D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | NTIS** 0TS0570697 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 800 µg/m3/24H/73D- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | GISAAA 29(8),5,1964 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/90D- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Changes in spleen | NTIS** 0TS0570697 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/70D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Blood: Changes in spleen Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | DCTODJ 17,271,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen | TOXID9 3,125,1983 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1960 mg/kg/49D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | JTSCDR 27,11,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1080 mg/kg/18D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTSCDR 29,217,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | JTSCDR 29,217,2004 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/10D- intermittent | Blood: Other changes | FATOAO 35,108,1972 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 65,381,1996 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 65,381,1996 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 65,381,1996 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,321,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 20,389,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 628,67,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,236,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 682,94,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,199,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,36,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,181,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,251,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,183,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3);KZW 0.8 ppm (4 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm), skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 1 ppm (5.1 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 3 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 10 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 6 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), KZG-week 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), carc 3, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 5 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NITROBENZENE-air | 10H time-weighted average 1 ppm (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 50760; Number of Industries 10; Total Number of Facilities 654; Number of Occupations 12; Total Number of Employees Exposed 5080; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 474 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 50760; Number of Industries 21; Total Number of Facilities 1022; Number of Occupations 24; Total Number of Employees Exposed 10578 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/91/180398/AS) | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8703;8EHQ-0293-8723 | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8724;8EHQ-0892-9102 | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9103 | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Nitrobenzenes, 2005 | |
| NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health