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Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country [V]
| Country | Areas with Malaria | Drug Resistance2 | Malaria Species3 | Recommended Chemoprophylaxis4 | Key Information Needed and Helpful Links to Assess Need for Prophylaxis for Select Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanuatu | All | Chloroquine | P. vivax 75%–90%; P. falciparum 10-25%; P. ovale <1% | Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5 | |
| Venezuela | All areas at altitudes < 1,700 m (5,577 ft). Present in Angel Falls. | Chloroquine | P. vivax 75%, P. falciparum 25% |
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) State(s) of travel Map of states of Venezuela to look up if a city is within a certain state |
| Vietnam | Rural areas only, especially Binh Phuoc, Bihn Thuan, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Gia Lai, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Phu Yen, Quang Nam provinces. Rare cases in the Mekong River Delta (An Giang, Bac Lieu, Ben Tre, Ca Mau, Can Tho, Dong Thap, Hau Giang, Kien Giang, Long An, Soc Trang, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, and Vinh Long provinces) and Red River Delta (Bac Ninh, Ha Nam, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Thai Binh, and Vinh Phuc provinces). None in the cities of Da Nang, Hai Phong, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Nha Trang, and Quy Nhon. | Chloroquine and mefloquine resistance reported. Emerging resistance to artemisinin in the following provinces: Binh Phuoc, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Gia Lai, and Phu Yen. | P. vivax. 55%, P. falciparum 44%; P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi rare.7 | Provinces of Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Gia Lai, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Phu Yen, Quang Nam: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or tafenoquine5. Mekong and Red River Delta and other areas: None (practice mosquito avoidance).6 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Province(s) of travel 3) Region(s) of travel Map of provinces of Vietnam to look up if a city is within a certain province Map of provinces within the Red River Delta Map of the Mekong Delta Area |
| Virgin Islands, British | None | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
| Virgin Islands, U.S. | None | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
1. Factors that affect local malaria transmission patterns can change rapidly and from year to year, such as local weather conditions, mosquito vector density, and prevalence of infection. Information in these tables is updated regularly.
2. Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
3. Estimates of malaria species are based on best available data from multiple sources. Where proportions are not available, the primary species and less common species are identified.
4. Several medications are available for chemoprophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, consider specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history. All travelers should seek medical attention in the event of fever during or after return from travel to areas with malaria.
5. Primaquine and tafenoquine can cause hemolytic anemia in persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Before prescribing primaquine or tafenoquine, patients must be screened for G6PD deficiency using a quantitative test.
6. Mosquito avoidance includes applying topical mosquito repellant, sleeping under an insecticide treated bed net, and wearing protective clothing (e.g., long pants and socks, long sleeve shirt). For additional details on mosquito avoidance, see: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html
7. P. knowlesi is a malaria species with a simian host (macaque). Human cases have been reported from most countries in Southeast Asia and are associated with activities in forest or forest-fringe areas. This species of malaria has no known resistance to antimalarials.