Long COVID Signs and Symptoms

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Key points

  • Long COVID can include a wide range of ongoing symptoms and conditions that can last months or even years.
  • Most people with Long COVID symptoms see significant improvement after 3 months, while others may not see improvement until months or even years after symptoms first appear.
  • Long COVID symptoms and conditions can sometimes result in disability.
  • Talk to your healthcare provider if you think you or your loved one might have Long COVID.
Female patient with mask talking with doctor.

Signs and symptoms

Woman sitting on floor
Long COVID symptoms can last months or even years.

People with Long COVID can have a wide variety of symptoms that can range from mild to severe and may be similar to symptoms from other chronic illnesses. Symptoms can last months or even years after COVID-19 illness and can emerge, persist, resolve, reemerge, and change over different lengths of time. Long COVID may not affect everyone the same way. Some people can experience health problems from different types and combinations of symptoms that may:

Fact

Fatigue, brain fog, and post-exertional malaise (PEM) are commonly reported symptoms, but more than 200 Long COVID symptoms have been identified. 123

Other commonly reported symptoms include (not a comprehensive list):

General symptoms

  • Tiredness or fatigue that interferes with daily life
  • Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort
  • Fever

Respiratory and heart symptoms

  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
  • Coughing
  • Chest pain
  • Fast-beating or pounding heart (also known as heart palpitations)

Neurological symptoms

  • Difficulty thinking or concentrating (sometimes referred to as "brain fog")
  • Headaches
  • Sleep problems
  • Dizziness when you stand up (lightheadedness)
  • Pins-and-needles feelings
  • Change in smell or taste
  • Depression or anxiety

Digestive Symptoms

  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain
  • Constipation

Other symptoms

  • Joint or muscle pain
  • Rash
  • Changes in menstrual cycles

A recent study shows young children may experience some Long COVID symptoms more often than other Long COVID symptoms depending on their age, including: 4

Infants aged 0-2 years

  • Poor appetite
  • Wet coughing
  • Trouble sleeping

Children aged 3-5 years

  • Daytime tiredness/low energy
  • Dry coughing

Symptoms that may be hard to explain and manage

Some people with Long COVID have symptoms that are hard to explain or difficult to manage. Some people may experience health problems from different types and combinations of symptoms that require comprehensive care. There is no laboratory test that can determine if your symptoms are due to COVID-19 illness. People with symptoms that are hard to explain may sometimes even be misunderstood or experience stigma. This can result in a delay in diagnosis and receiving the appropriate care or treatment. Long COVID treatment is focused on managing symptoms, reducing their impact on daily activities, and improving your quality of life.

Have Long COVID symptoms?

Talk to your healthcare provider if you are experiencing symptoms that are hard to explain or that persist, or if you think you or your loved one might have Long COVID.

Talking with Your Doctor About Long COVID

Complications

Some people, especially those who had severe COVID-19, may experience multi-organ effects or autoimmune conditions lasting months or even years after COVID-19 illness.456 Multi-organ effects can involve many body systems, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, and brain. Symptoms for many of these multi-organ complications are similar to commonly reported Long COVID symptoms. As a result of these effects, people who have had COVID-19 may be more likely to develop new or worsening of health conditions such as:

Post-intensive care syndrome

Woman lying in hospital bed.
People with post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) may have an increased risk for Long COVID

People experiencing any severe illness or hospitalization may develop problems such as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). While PICS is not specific to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, it may occur and contribute to the person's experience of Long COVID. 78Health effects from PICS may begin when a person is in an intensive care unit (ICU), and can include:

For people who experience PICS following a COVID-19 diagnosis, it is difficult to determine whether these health problems are caused by a severe illness, the virus itself, or a combination of both.

Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Some people with Long COVID experience symptoms similar to those reported by people who suffer from other poorly understood chronic illnesses that may occur after other infections, such as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). [[9]]People with ME/CFS and other infection-associated chronic conditions (IACC) can have difficulty:

  • Recognizing and identifying symptoms of their illness
  • Being believed by family, friends and healthcare providers
  • Getting a diagnosis
  • Managing their symptoms or conditions

CDC is working with partners to better understand and support people suffering from Long COVID, ME/CFS, and other symptoms or conditions from IACC.

Resources

Disability

Symptom resources

Mental Health

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Content Source:
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)
  1. Perlis RH, Santillana M, Ognyanova K, et al. Prevalence and Correlates of Long COVID Symptoms Among US Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2238804. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38804 
  2. Thaweethai T, Jolley SE, Karlson EW, et al. Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA. 2023;329(22):1934–1946. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8823.
  3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27768.
  4. Gross RS, Thaweethai T, Salisbury AL, et al. Characterizing Long COVID Symptoms During Early Childhood. JAMA Pediatr. 2025;179(7):781–792. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.1066
  5. Davis, H.E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J.M. et al. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol 21, 133–146 (2023). doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2.
  6. Iqbal P, Ata F, Chaudhry H, et al. Post-COVID-19-associated multiorgan complications or "long COVID" with literature review and management strategy discussion: A meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 14;6(4):e1211. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1211.
  7. Hatakeyama J, Inoue S, Liu K, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19 Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med. 2022 Sep 28;11(19):5758. doi: 10.3390/jcm11195758.
  8. Nakanishi N, Liu K, Kawakami D, et al. Post-Intensive Care Syndrome and Its New Challenges in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives. J Clin Med. 2021 Aug 28;10(17):3870. doi: 10.3390/jcm10173870.
  • Wood MS, Halmer N, Bertolli J, et al. (2024) Impact of COVID-19 on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness prevalence: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE 19(9): e0309810. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309810.