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Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Deaths Associated with Pediatric Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology, United States, October 2021–June 2023

Olivia Almendares1Comments to Author , Julia M. Baker1, David E. Sugerman, Umesh D. Parashar, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Hannah L. Kirking, Paul A. Gastañaduy, Jacqueline E. Tate, and Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology Group2
Author affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Table 5

Positive pathogen detections in children with hepatitis of unknown etiology, United States, October 1, 2021–June 6, 2023*

Patient ID Respiratory specimen Stool specimen Normally sterile site (blood or joint)† Total no. pathogens detected
1
Adenovirus
Adenovirus
Adenovirus; Streptococcus pneumoniae
2
2
Adenovirus; respiratory syncytial virus

Adenovirus
2
3
Adenovirus; rhinovirus/enterovirus

Adenovirus
2
4
Adenovirus; rhinovirus/enterovirus

Adenovirus
2
5


Staphylococcus hominis; Corynebacterium; Moraxella non-liquefaciens‡
3
6
Respiratory syncytial virus

Epstein-Barr virus
2
7

Clostridioides difficile

1
8 Clostridioides difficile 1

*Table includes all pathogens for which a positive result was detected; it does not include other testing performed for which there were no positive results (e.g., respiratory and/or gastrointestinal panels, other viral testing). Other infections may have been present, but testing was not performed or results were inconclusive. Most respiratory and GI specimens were tested as part of a multiplex PCR panel, but panels used by clinical laboratory varied. All testing was performed at the discretion of treating clinicians. † Bacterial pathogens were isolated on culture from a normally sterile site such as blood or joint fluid. Testing for viral pathogens was conducted using real-time PCR or quantitative real-time PCR testing, or by serologic assay to detect recent viral antibodies (e.g., IgM). ‡Staphylococcus hominis, Corynebacterium, and Moraxella non-liquefaciens may reflect contamination of specimen collection and not necessarily infection.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2Members of the group are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: March 12, 2024
Page updated: March 19, 2024
Page reviewed: March 19, 2024
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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