Volume 29, Number 4—April 2023
Research
Monitoring Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels and Variant-Specific Risk for Infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022
, Michael de St. Aubin, Devan Dumas, William Duke, Marie Caroline Etienne, Gabriela Abdalla, Petr Jarolim, Timothy Oasan, Salome Garnier, Naomi Iihoshi, Beatriz Lopez, Lucia de la Cruz, Yosanly Cornelio Puello, Margaret Baldwin, Kathryn W. Roberts, Farah Peña, Kara Durski, Isaac Miguel Sanchez, Sarah M. Gunter, Alexander R. Kneubehl, Kristy O. Murray, Allison Lino, Sarah Strobel, Amado Alejandro Baez, Colleen L. Lau, Adam Kucharski, Emily Zielinski Gutiérrez, Ronald Skewes-Ramm, Marietta Vasquez1, and Cecilia Then Paulino1
Table 1
Population characteristics of participants in study of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels, by SARS-CoV-2 NAAT status, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022*
| Variable | NAAT-positive, n = 517 | NAAT-negative, n = 1,783 | Total, N = 2,300 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| F | 327 (63.2) | 1,095 (61.4) | 1,422 (61.8) |
| M |
189 (36.6) |
688 (38.6) |
877 (38.1) |
| Median age (IQR), y |
36 (10–62) |
30 (5.5–54.5) |
31 (7–55) |
| Age group, y | |||
| 2–17 | 43 (8.3) | 376 (21.1) | 419 (18.2) |
| 18–54 | 368 (71.2) | 1,189 (66.7) | 1,557 (67.7) |
| >55 |
106 (20.5) |
218 (12.2) |
324 (14.1) |
| Area of residence | |||
| Rural or semirural | 366 (70.8) | 1,245 (69.8) | 1,611 (70.0) |
| Urban | 147 (28.4) | 514 (28.8) | 661 (28.7) |
| Unclassified |
4 (0.8) |
24 (1.3) |
28 (1.2) |
| No. household residents | |||
| 1–2 | 104 (20.1) | 377 (21.1) | 481 (20.9) |
| 3–4 | 245 (47.4) | 838 (47.0) | 1,083 (47.1) |
| 5–6 | 130 (25.1) | 430 (24.1) | 560 (24.4) |
| >7 |
38 (7.4) |
135 (7.6) |
173 (7.5) |
| Enrollment site | |||
| San Pedro de Macoris Province | 243 (47.0) | 802 (45.0) | 1,045 (45.4) |
| Espaillat Province |
274 (53.0) |
981 (55.0) |
1,255 (54.6) |
| Underlying condition† | |||
| Respiratory disease | 52 (10.1) | 245 (13.7) | 297 (12.9) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 105 (20.3) | 277 (15.5) | 382 (16.6) |
| Diabetes | 44 (8.5) | 114 (6.4) | 158 (6.9) |
| BMI >30 | 89 (17.2) | 332 (18.6) | 421 (18.3) |
| Pregnancy |
18 (3.5) |
57 (3.2) |
75 (3.3) |
| No. COVID-19 vaccine doses | |||
| 0 | 150 (29.0) | 604 (33.9) | 754 (32.8) |
| 1 | 61 (11.8) | 177 (9.9) | 238 (10.3) |
| 2 | 262 (50.7) | 766 (43.0) | 1,028 (44.7) |
| 3 | 44 (8.5) | 230 (12.9) | 274 (11.9) |
| 4 |
0 (0.0) |
6 (0.3) |
6 (0.3) |
| Study period interval | |||
| Mar–Jun 2021 | 99 (19.1) | 335 (18.8) | 434 (18.9) |
| Jul–Sep 2021 | 126 (24.4) | 271 (15.2) | 397 (17.3) |
| Oct–Dec 2021 | 137 (26.5) | 442 (24.8) | 579 (25.2) |
| Jan–Apr 2022 | 61 (11.8) | 403 (22.6) | 464 (20.2) |
| May–Aug 2022 | 94 (18.2) | 332 (18.6) | 426 (18.5) |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Number of household residents missing for 3 participants. One participant reported ‘other’ for sex and was not included in analyses. BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test. †Respiratory disease includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, other chronic respiratory diseases. Cardiovascular disease includes hypertension and coronary artery disease. BMI calculated by dividing weight in pounds by height in inches squared and multiplied by a conversion factor of 703.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.