Key points
Bartonella bacilliformis is a rare infection spread by sand flies in some regions of South America. B. bacilliformis has two distinct phases: Oroya fever and Verruga peruana ("Peruvian warts") and can sometimes cause endocarditis.
General information
For information on transmission, symptoms, and prevention, visit: About Bartonella bacilliformis.
Testing and diagnosis
B. bacilliformis is typically diagnosed by blood culture or direct observation of the bacteria in peripheral blood smears during the acute phase of infection (Oroya fever).
Treatment
Infection with B. bacilliformis requires antibiotic treatment. A number of antibiotics are effective against Bartonella infections, including tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. More than one antibiotic is often used. Consult with an expert in infectious diseases regarding treatment options.