An official website of the United States government
Social Deprivation and Multimorbidity Among Community-Based Health Center Patients in the United States
ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 21 — September 26, 2024
PEER REVIEWED
Figure 1.
Mean multimorbidity levels for US, by ZCTA. Source: ADVANCE Clinical Research Network (14), 2012–2019. Abbreviation. ZCTA, zip code tabulation area.
| State | Characteristics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of chronic diseases, mean (SD) | Clinics, N (%) | Patients, N (%) | ZCTAs, N (%) | Patients per ZCTA, mean (SD) | |
| Alaska | 1.6 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 1969 (0.2) | 29 (0.5) | 67.9 (355.4) |
| California | 2.1 (1.6) | 134 (20.5) | 159,416 (19.5) | 1,282 (20.0) | 124.3 (404.9) |
| Connecticut | 1.2 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 23 (0.0) | 22 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) |
| Florida | 1.5 (1.3) | 120 (18.4) | 208,057 (25.5) | 726 (11.3) | 286.6 (555.6) |
| Georgia | 1.3 (1.4) | 11 (1.7) | 9,805 (1.2) | 195 (3.0) | 50.3 (120.1) |
| Hawaii | 1.7 (1.5) | 5 (0.8) | 7,403 (0.9) | 46 (0.7) | 160.9 (653.3) |
| Indiana | 1.8 (1.4) | 23 (3.5) | 12,038 (1.5) | 235 (3.7) | 51.2 (122.5) |
| Kansas | 1.4 (1.4) | 3 (0.5) | 3,864 (0.5) | 131 (2.0) | 29.5 (189.2) |
| Massachusetts | 1.9 (1.6) | 40 (6.1) | 75,977 (9.3) | 392 (6.1) | 193.8 (676.6) |
| Maryland | 1.8 (1.5) | 15 (2.3) | 13,151 (1.6) | 164 (2.6) | 80.2 (265.3) |
| Michigan | 1.7 (1.1) | 1 (0.2) | 254 (0.0) | 128 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.8) |
| Minnesota | 1.7 (1.6) | 7 (1.1) | 6,043 (0.7) | 172 (2.7) | 35.1 (108.7) |
| Missouri | 2.0 (1.6) | 4 (0.6) | 8,185 (1.0) | 153 (2.4) | 53.5 (157.6) |
| Montana | 1.8 (1.7) | 6 (0.9) | 7,420 (0.9) | 84 (1.3) | 88.3 (607.4) |
| North Carolina | 2.2 (1.6) | 22 (3.4) | 26,693 (3.3) | 342 (5.3) | 78.0 (249.6) |
| New Jersey | 1.2 (1.3) | 1 (0.2) | 47 (0.0) | 38 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.7) |
| New Mexico | 1.7 (1.5) | 37 (5.7) | 43,919 (5.4) | 182 (2.8) | 241.3 (618.1) |
| Nevada | 1.4 (1.4) | 3 (0.5) | 2,313 (0.3) | 69 (1.1) | 33.5 (184.7) |
| New York | 1.0 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 88 (0.0) | 73 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.7) |
| Ohio | 2.1 (1.6) | 33 (5.1) | 29,862 (3.7) | 356 (5.6) | 83.9 (264.7) |
| Oregon | 2.2 (1.9) | 122 (18.7) | 141,269 (17.3) | 377 (5.9) | 374.7 (727.9) |
| Rhode Island | 1.8 (1.6) | 10 (1.5) | 18,130 (2.2) | 57 (0.9) | 318.1 (844.3) |
| South Carolina | 1.0 (1.0) | 2 (0.3) | 101 (0.0) | 48 (0.8) | 2.1 (2.6) |
| Texas | 0.9 (1.1) | 10 (1.5) | 7,552 (0.9) | 418 (6.5) | 18.1 (37.4) |
| Utah | 1.7 (1.2) | 3 (0.5) | 663 (0.1) | 66 (1.0) | 10.0 (16.9) |
| Washington | 1.9 (1.8) | 20 (3.1) | 18,675 (2.3) | 301 (4.7) | 62.0 (282.7) |
| Wisconsin | 2.0 (1.7) | 18 (2.8) | 14,004 (1.7) | 311 (4.9) | 45.0 (159.8) |
Figure 2.
Distribution of mean multimorbidity levels by ZCTA for selected states (Florida, California, Oregon, and Ohio) and Social Deprivation Index quartiles. Source: ADVANCE Clinical Research Network (14), 2012–2019. Abbreviations: SDI, Social Deprivation Index; ZCTA, zip code tabulation area.
| State | SDI quartile no. | ZCTAs, N (%) | Multimorbidity category, N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None, 0–1 | Low, 2–<5 | High, ≥5 | |||
| California | 1 | 219 (17.1) | 159 (72.6) | 60 (27.4) | 0 |
| California | 2 | 346 (27.0) | 231 (66.8) | 111 (32.1) | 4 (1.2) |
| California | 3 | 310 (24.2) | 175 (56.5) | 134 (43.2) | 1 (0.3) |
| California | 4 | 407 (31.7) | 243 (59.7) | 162 (39.8) | 2 (0.5) |
| Florida | 1 | 154 (21.2) | 136 (88.3) | 17 (11.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Florida | 2 | 221 (30.4) | 194 (87.8) | 27 (12.2) | 0 |
| Florida | 3 | 194 (26.7) | 164 (84.5) | 29 (14.9) | 1 (0.5) |
| Florida | 4 | 157 (21.6) | 143 (91.1) | 14 (8.9) | 0 |
| Ohio | 1 | 107 (30.1) | 57 (53.3) | 49 (45.8) | 1 (0.9) |
| Ohio | 2 | 92 (25.8) | 54 (58.7) | 36 (39.1) | 2 (2.2) |
| Ohio | 3 | 74 (20.8) | 45 (60.8) | 27 (36.5) | 2 (2.7) |
| Ohio | 4 | 83 (23.3) | 42 (50.6) | 40 (48.2) | 1 (1.2) |
| Oregon | 1 | 76 (20.1) | 44 (57.9) | 30 (39.5) | 2 (2.6) |
| Oregon | 2 | 144 (38.1) | 56 (38.9) | 87 (60.4) | 1 (0.7) |
| Oregon | 3 | 132 (34.9) | 44 (33.3) | 87 (65.9) | 1 (0.8) |
| Oregon | 4 | 26 (6.9) | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | 0 |
The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions.