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Sociodemographic Factors of Asthma Prevalence and Costs Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 2016–2021

ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 21 — July 25, 2024

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Figure.
Total medical expenditures among children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years, in dollars, by treated asthma and race and ethnicity, 2016–2021 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. All estimates were pooled and weighted using the complex survey design. Non-Hispanic Other race includes American Indian, Alaska Native, and multiracial. Graphs use different scales. Abbreviation: NH, non-Hispanic.

Total medical expenditures among children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years, in dollars, by treated asthma and race and ethnicity, 2016–2021 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. All estimates were pooled and weighted using the complex survey design. Non-Hispanic Other race includes American Indian, Alaska Native, and multiracial. Graphs use different scales. Abbreviation: NH, non-Hispanic.
Characteristic Estimate (95% CI), $
Total
Hispanic without asthma 2,029.38 (1,800.36–2,258.41)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 2,766.22 (2,490.28–3,042.16)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 1,587.32 (1,395.82–1,778.81)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 1,474.32 (1,215.68–1,732.96)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 2,390.16 (1,943.85–2,836.47)
Hispanic with asthma 4,684.44 (3,939.50–5,429.39)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 6,385.30 (5,483.77–7,286.82)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 3,664.02 (3,086.90–4,241.14)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 3,403.19 (2,678.69–4,127.69)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 5,517.24 (4,389.73–6,644.75)
Out-of-pocket
Hispanic without asthma 282.26 (245.48–319.04)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 387.90 (356.07–419.73)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 164.34 (140.28–188.40)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 290.78 (222.35–359.22)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 259.13 (211.58–306.68)
Hispanic with asthma 421.89 (327.87–515.91)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 547.73 (438.53–656.93)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 258.62 (198.62–318.62)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 431.34 (309.06–553.61)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 385.28 (291.34–479.23)
Private insurance
Hispanic without asthma 1,182.54 (989.16–1,375.91)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 1,413.44 (1,199.93–1,626.96)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 863.91 (694.04–1,033.77)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 825.94 (632.88–1,019.00)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 1,185.43 (882.10–1,488.76)
Hispanic with asthma 1,896.83 (1,385.54–2,408.13)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 2,180.08 (1,638.08–2,722.07)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 1,410.99 (954.84–1,867.13)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 1,326.31 (900.69–1,751.93)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 1,894.63 (1,280.94–2,508.32)
Public insurance
Hispanic without asthma 623.90 (525.13–722.67)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 863.02 (731.89–994.15)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 524.47 (431.83–617.11)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 239.41 (184.50–294.32)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 756.93 (521.53–992.32)
Hispanic with asthma 2,305.29 (1,856.67–2,753.91)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 3,158.39 (2,541.39–3,775.39)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 1,941.63 (1,552.53–2,330.73)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 916.63 (683.60–1,149.67)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 2,759.74 (1,881.55–3,637.93)
Prescribed medicine
Hispanic without asthma 137.15 (109.11–165.19)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 258.53 (217.52–299.53)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 120.65 (95.42–145.87)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 47.55 (30.40–64.69)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 211.84 (151.35–272.34)
Hispanic with asthma 1,103.57 (866.94–1,340.19)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 1,635.33 (1,329.92–1,940.73)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 1,141.20 (877.38–1,405.02)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 521.43 (333.61–709.24)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 1,564.69 (1,077.53–2,051.84)
Emergency room
Hispanic without asthma 96.42 (83.35–109.49)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 109.16 (96.94–121.39)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 92.51 (77.13–107.90)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 64.29 (46.11–82.48)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 113.66 (86.29–141.02)
Hispanic with asthma 216.50 (169.89–263.11)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 243.29 (192.74–293.84)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 207.12 (152.26–261.99)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 149.05 (102.98–195.12)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 249.43 (176.92–321.94)
Inpatient stay
Hispanic without asthma 377.68 (277.75–477.61)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 575.02 (395.60–754.43)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 504.67 (303.00–706.34)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 204.37 (56.25–352.48)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 494.21 (278.56–709.85)
Hispanic with asthma 708.37 (413.76–1,002.98)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 1,067.26 (668.54–1,465.98)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 949.40 (506.18–1,392.61)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 391.08 (76.50–705.67)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 905.00 (444.51–1,365.50)
Hospital outpatient
Hispanic without asthma 167.08 (104.94–229.22)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 252.49 (172.78–332.21)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 123.84 (62.43–185.25)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 136.27 (46.99–225.54)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 141.03 (80.42–201.63)
Hispanic with asthma 366.81 (176.37–557.25)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 539.94 (320.09–759.78)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 278.25 (125.07–431.43)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 297.05 (71.78–522.31)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 306.07 (156.04–456.11)
Office visits
Hispanic without asthma 714.03 (624.33–803.73)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 882.43 (811.71–953.15)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 432.98 (379.03–486.94)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 491.88 (405.71–578.04)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 673.55 (577.73–769.36)
Hispanic with asthma 1,526.21 (1,227.06–1,825.36)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 1,769.65 (1,473.58–2065.72)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 966.46 (783.46–1,149.46)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 1,059.73 (808.57–1,310.89)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 1,417.75 (1,147.82–1,687.69)
Home health visits
Hispanic without asthma 201.61 (126.27–276.94)
Non-Hispanic White without asthma 117.92 (81.51–154.34)
Non-Hispanic Black without asthma 106.20 (40.39–172.00)
Non-Hispanic Asian without asthma 103.49 (29.34–177.64)
Non-Hispanic Other without asthma 184.66 (67.45–301.88)
Hispanic with asthma 380.77 (172.60–588.95)
Non-Hispanic White with asthma 220.78 (114.31–327.25)
Non-Hispanic Black with asthma 201.29 (66.40–336.19)
Non-Hispanic Asian with asthma 196.17 (39.94–352.41)
Non-Hispanic Other with asthma 343.68 (92.40–594.96)

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