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Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Receipt of a Breathing Test in 26 States and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018

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Figure.

Prevalence of adults at higher COPD risk and prevalence ratios of receipt of a breathing test, by risk status, among adults without a reported COPD diagnosis, by subgroup, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 26 states and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018. Estimates were adjusted for age with the inclusion of age group as a covariate in the logistic model (unweighted n = 142,858; 813 responses excluded due to missing data on smoking status); prevalence ratios compare the age-adjusted prevalence of receipt of a breathing test among adults at higher COPD risk versus adults not at higher risk. Higher COPD risk was defined as 3 or more symptoms or risk factors from the GOLD’s “Could It Be COPD?” questionnaire (8). Error bars indicate 95% CIs. “Other” non-Hispanic not included due to heterogeneity of this group. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

Prevalence of adults at higher COPD risk and prevalence ratios of receipt of a breathing test, by risk status, among adults without a reported COPD diagnosis, by subgroup, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 26 states and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018. Estimates were adjusted for age with the inclusion of age group as a covariate in the logistic model (unweighted n = 142,858; 813 responses excluded due to missing data on smoking status); prevalence ratios compare the age-adjusted prevalence of receipt of a breathing test among adults at higher COPD risk versus adults not at higher risk. Higher COPD risk was defined as 3 or more symptoms or risk factors from the GOLD’s “Could It Be COPD?” questionnaire (8). Error bars indicate 95% CIs. “Other” non-Hispanic not included due to heterogeneity of this group. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
Subgroup Prevalence of being at higher risk of COPD, % (95% CI) Prevalence ratio comparing receipt of test, by risk group, % (95% CI) Prevalence of receiving a breathing test, by risk group, % (95% CI)
Higher risk Not higher risk
Overall 15.0 (14.6–15.5) 1.88 (1.80–1.97) 41.4 (39.9–42.9) 22.0 (21.4–22.6)
Sex
Male 15.5 (14.8–16.1) 1.70 (1.59–1.80) 41.8 (39.6–43.9) 24.6 (23.8–25.5)
Female 14.7 (14.1–15.3) 2.09 (1.95–2.23) 40.8 (38.7–43.0) 19.6 (18.8–20.4)
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic 14.5 (12.8–16.4) 1.88 (1.54–2.29) 34.6 (28.8–41.0) 18.5 (16.7–20.3)
Non-Hispanic Black 17.5 (16.3–18.9) 1.85 (1.64–2.09) 41.4 (37.3–45.7) 22.4 (20.8–24.0)
Non-Hispanic White 15.2 (14.8–15.7) 1.82 (1.74–1.90) 42.6 (41.1–44.1) 23.4 (22.8–24.1)
Education
High school or less 19.3 (18.5–20.1) 1.85 (1.72–1.98) 38.6 (36.5–40.7) 20.9 (19.9–21.8)
Some college 15.6 (14.8–16.5) 1.84 (1.69–2.00) 44.4 (41.5–47.3) 24.2 (22.9–25.5)
College graduate 8.4 (7.9– 8.9) 2.09 (1.93–2.26) 44.1 (41.2–47.1) 21.1 (20.3–22.0)
Urban/rural
Large central metro 13.2 (12.2–14.2) 2.06 (1.85–2.30) 43.9 (40.2–47.7) 21.3 (19.9–22.8)
Large fringe metro 14.8 (13.9–15.8) 1.86 (1.68–2.06) 40.3 (37.0–43.8) 21.7 (20.5–23.0)
Medium metro 15.2 (14.4–16.1) 1.86 (1.71–2.02) 43.1 (40.1–46.2) 23.2 (22.1–24.4)
Small metro 17.0 (15.5–18.6) 1.74 (1.57–1.93) 38.5 (35.0–42.0) 22.1 (20.9–23.3)
Micropolitan 16.8 (15.9–17.6) 1.79 (1.65–1.95) 39.7 (37.1–42.4) 22.2 (21.1–23.4)
Rural 18.0 (17.0–19.2) 1.74 (1.57–1.92) 37.2 (34.3–40.3) 21.4 (20.1–22.8)

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