Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Receipt of a Breathing Test in 26 States and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018
RESEARCH BRIEF — Volume 21 — May 9, 2024
PEER REVIEWED
Figure.
Prevalence of adults at higher COPD risk and prevalence ratios of receipt of a breathing test, by risk status, among adults without a reported COPD diagnosis, by subgroup, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 26 states and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018. Estimates were adjusted for age with the inclusion of age group as a covariate in the logistic model (unweighted n = 142,858; 813 responses excluded due to missing data on smoking status); prevalence ratios compare the age-adjusted prevalence of receipt of a breathing test among adults at higher COPD risk versus adults not at higher risk. Higher COPD risk was defined as 3 or more symptoms or risk factors from the GOLD’s “Could It Be COPD?” questionnaire (8). Error bars indicate 95% CIs. “Other” non-Hispanic not included due to heterogeneity of this group. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
Subgroup | Prevalence of being at higher risk of COPD, % (95% CI) | Prevalence ratio comparing receipt of test, by risk group, % (95% CI) | Prevalence of receiving a breathing test, by risk group, % (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Higher risk | Not higher risk | |||
Overall | 15.0 (14.6–15.5) | 1.88 (1.80–1.97) | 41.4 (39.9–42.9) | 22.0 (21.4–22.6) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 15.5 (14.8–16.1) | 1.70 (1.59–1.80) | 41.8 (39.6–43.9) | 24.6 (23.8–25.5) |
Female | 14.7 (14.1–15.3) | 2.09 (1.95–2.23) | 40.8 (38.7–43.0) | 19.6 (18.8–20.4) |
Race and ethnicity | ||||
Hispanic | 14.5 (12.8–16.4) | 1.88 (1.54–2.29) | 34.6 (28.8–41.0) | 18.5 (16.7–20.3) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 17.5 (16.3–18.9) | 1.85 (1.64–2.09) | 41.4 (37.3–45.7) | 22.4 (20.8–24.0) |
Non-Hispanic White | 15.2 (14.8–15.7) | 1.82 (1.74–1.90) | 42.6 (41.1–44.1) | 23.4 (22.8–24.1) |
Education | ||||
High school or less | 19.3 (18.5–20.1) | 1.85 (1.72–1.98) | 38.6 (36.5–40.7) | 20.9 (19.9–21.8) |
Some college | 15.6 (14.8–16.5) | 1.84 (1.69–2.00) | 44.4 (41.5–47.3) | 24.2 (22.9–25.5) |
College graduate | 8.4 (7.9– 8.9) | 2.09 (1.93–2.26) | 44.1 (41.2–47.1) | 21.1 (20.3–22.0) |
Urban/rural | ||||
Large central metro | 13.2 (12.2–14.2) | 2.06 (1.85–2.30) | 43.9 (40.2–47.7) | 21.3 (19.9–22.8) |
Large fringe metro | 14.8 (13.9–15.8) | 1.86 (1.68–2.06) | 40.3 (37.0–43.8) | 21.7 (20.5–23.0) |
Medium metro | 15.2 (14.4–16.1) | 1.86 (1.71–2.02) | 43.1 (40.1–46.2) | 23.2 (22.1–24.4) |
Small metro | 17.0 (15.5–18.6) | 1.74 (1.57–1.93) | 38.5 (35.0–42.0) | 22.1 (20.9–23.3) |
Micropolitan | 16.8 (15.9–17.6) | 1.79 (1.65–1.95) | 39.7 (37.1–42.4) | 22.2 (21.1–23.4) |
Rural | 18.0 (17.0–19.2) | 1.74 (1.57–1.92) | 37.2 (34.3–40.3) | 21.4 (20.1–22.8) |
The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions.