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Anyone who has latent TB infection can develop TB disease, but some people are at higher risk than others (Table 1).

About 10% of persons with normal immune systems will develop TB disease at some point in their lives. The risk of developing TB disease is the highest in the first 2 years after infection.

The risk of developing TB disease is much higher for persons with weakened immune systems than for persons with normal immune systems. For example, for people with untreated TB infection and untreated HIV infection, the risk is about 7% to 10% PER YEAR.

 

Table 1: Risk of Developing TB Disease

Risk Factor	Risk of Developing TB Disease	Description
TB infection and no risk factors	About 10% over a lifetime	For people with TB infection, no risk factors, and no treatment, the risk is about 5% in the first 2 years after infection and about 10% over a lifetime.
TB infection and diabetes	About 30% over a lifetime	For people with TB infection, diabetes, and no LTBI treatment, the risk is about 30% over a lifetime (3 times as high as those with no risk factors).
TB infection and HIV infection	About 7% to 10% PER YEAR	For people with TB infection, untreated HIV infection and with no LTBI treatment, the risk is about 7% to 10% PER YEAR, a very high risk over a lifetime.