Interventions Changing the Context of Health Conditions

Access to Clean Syringes

• Policies that support access to clean needles and syringes allow pharmacies to sell them without prescriptions and/or public health departments to authorize and conduct programs distributing clean needles and syringes and safely disposing of used ones.
• Evidence demonstrates that these policies, laws, and regulations are associated with reductions in the prevalence and incidence of HIV and HCV among persons who inject drugs.

Motorcycle Injury Prevention

• Universal motorcycle helmet laws require all motorcycle riders, both drivers and passengers, to wear a helmet when riding on public roads.
• States with universal laws consistently experience higher rates of helmet use and lower rates of motorcycle-related deaths and injuries.

Multi-component Worksite Obesity Prevention

• Strategies at the workplace include
  • Information and education
  • Behavioral and social strategies
  • Environmental components
  • Financial incentives.
• According to the results of a systematic review of a large number of studies
  • Worksite obesity prevention programs are associated with reductions in BMI
  • Support weight loss among employees.

Pricing Strategies for Alcohol Products

• Evidence shows that raising the price of alcohol products is associated with reductions in
  • alcohol consumption
  • related harms, including
    • sexual violence
    • motor vehicle crashes and fatalities.

Safe Routes of School (SRTS)

Safe Routes of School (SRTS)

• A comprehensive approach that encourages students and their families to walk, bike, or use other forms of active transportation to commute to and from school.
• Combines programmatic approaches like
  • bicycle safety education
  • walking school buses
  • increased traffic enforcement with infrastructure improvements such as sidewalks, crosswalks, and lighting to ensure safe conditions for walking and biking.
• SRTS is associated with increases in the number of students who walk and bike to and from school.
• SRTS reduces the risk of injury from traffic collisions involving pedestrians and bicyclists.

School-based Programs to Increase Physical Activity

• Goal is to increase physical activity during the times children are on school grounds before, during, and after classes.
• Programs can
  • Expand and enhance existing physical education programs
  • Incorporate physical activities into academic classroom settings.
• Evidence demonstrates that these programs are associated with
  • Increases in student physical activity
  • Have positive effects on BMI and obesity prevention.

School-Based Violence Prevention

• Universal school-based violence prevention programs provide
  • Students and school staff with information about violence
  • Change how youth think and feel about violence
  • Enhance interpersonal and emotional skills such as
    • communication and problem-solving
    • empathy
    • conflict management.
• These approaches are typically delivered to all students in a particular grade or school.
• A systematic review found that universal school-based violence prevention programs were associated with reductions in
  • youth violence in all types of school environments, regardless of grade level and socioeconomic status
  • crime rate
  • predominant race/ethnicity of students.
• Evidence shows specific programs have been associated with
  • reductions in delinquency, alcohol and substance abuse
  • Improvements in academic performance.

Tobacco Control Interventions

• Effective tobacco control interventions include
  • tobacco price increases
  • high-impact anti-tobacco mass media campaigns
  • comprehensive smoke-free laws.
• Evidence has shown a 20 percent increase in the unit price of tobacco can
  • reduce the number of young people who started smoking
  • increase quitting among young people and adults ages 30 and older
  • reduce tobacco use and demand.

High-impact anti-tobacco mass-media campaigns, targeting large audiences through television and radio broadcasts, print media (e.g., newspaper), and digital media to change knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding tobacco, have

• shown to reduce adult tobacco use
• promote tobacco cessation
• prevent tobacco use initiation among youth.

Comprehensive smoke-free laws that prohibit smoking in all indoor areas of workplaces, bars, and restaurants are associated with

• reductions in exposure to secondhand smoke
• improvements in short and long-term health outcomes, including reduced hospitalizations for asthma and heart attacks.