What to know
- In the past, Oropouche virus has caused periodic outbreaks in and around the Amazon Basin. Starting in late 2023, outbreaks occurred in previously impacted areas and new areas of South America and the Caribbean.
- Check this page for information about countries and territories with recent or previous Oropouche virus transmission before you make travel plans.
- Since surveillance practices vary greatly among countries, CDC does not always have accurate information on transmission risk.
- All travelers to areas with biting midges and mosquitoes should take steps to prevent insect bites.
Evidence for risk classification of countries1
Recent human disease cases
Recent is defined as human disease cases of Oropouche identified during 2024 to 2025. A two-year period is used to account for seasonal differences between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Bolivia
Most outbreaks of human disease have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin.
Brazil
Widespread transmission with most outbreaks of human disease occurring in states in the Amazon Basin. In the last few years, increasing number of human disease cases have been reported in other states in the country.
Colombia
Most outbreaks of human disease have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin.
Cuba
First outbreak of human disease documented in 2024; all provinces reported cases in 2024.
Dominica
Germany reported a human disease case in a traveler to Dominica in 2025.
Ecuador
Most human disease cases have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin.
Guatemala
Spain reported a human case in a traveler to Guatemala in 2025.
Guyana
First human disease cases reported in 2024; recent disease case also reported in 2025.
Panama
Outbreak of human disease cases documented in 1989; recent disease cases reported in 2024-2025, predominantly in Darien Province.
Peru
Most outbreaks of human disease have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin. Outbreaks and human disease cases caused by both Oropouche virus and the reassortant Iquitos virus (an Oropouche variant) have been detected.
Venezuela
First human disease cases reported in 2025.
Previous human disease cases
Previous is defined as human disease cases of Oropouche last reported prior to 2024.
Argentina
Human disease cases documented in northern Argentina (Jujuy Province) in 2005.
French Guiana
Outbreak of human disease cases documented in 2020 in Saül.
Haiti
One human disease case was identified in 2014.
Trinidad and Tobago
One human disease case was identified in 1955.
1Unless otherwise noted, information in the two tables relates to human disease cases caused by Oropouche virus. However, most of the current molecular assays are unable to differentiate Oropouche virus infections from infections with reassortant viruses (e.g., Madre de Dios and Iquitos viruses). Madre de Dios virus is not known to cause widespread human disease but was identified in a febrile patient in Peru in 2007 and in a non-human primate in 2010 in Venezuela. There are no data to suggest that reassortant viruses can cause the same adverse pregnancy outcomes as the recent circulating strains of Oropouche virus.
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