Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2017 Supplementary Tables 94-132: Alcohol and Other Drug Use

**TABLE 94. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	62.6	(58.4–66.6)	58.1	(56.2–60.0)	60.4	(57.9–62.8)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	62.8	(55.8–69.3)	60.5	(57.6–63.3)	61.7	(57.6–65.6)
Black^§	57.3	(52.1–62.4)	44.8	(39.8–49.9)	51.3	(47.7–54.9)
Hispanic	67.1	(62.3–71.7)	62.3	(58.0–66.3)	64.7	(61.1–68.1)
Grade
9	49.6	(45.2–54.1)	45.7	(42.7–48.7)	47.7	(45.2–50.3)
10	59.9	(55.2–64.5)	56.0	(52.8–59.1)	58.0	(54.8–61.0)
11	68.9	(63.3–74.0)	63.7	(59.7–67.5)	66.4	(63.1–69.5)
12	74.0	(68.6–78.8)	69.4	(65.8–72.7)	71.7	(68.3–75.0)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	63.8	(61.7–65.9)	58.5	(56.5–60.5)	60.9	(59.2–62.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	74.3	(69.7–78.4)	66.3	(56.5–74.8)	72.2	(67.2–76.8)
Not sure	50.6	(41.7–59.4)	47.3	(36.9–58.0)	50.0	(41.6–58.3)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	85.3	(82.9–87.3)	78.4	(76.4–80.3)	81.5	(79.9–83.1)
Same sex only or both sexes	89.3	(85.5–92.3)	79.6	(71.5–85.9)	86.8	(82.8–90.0)
No sexual contact	44.4	(41.4–47.5)	38.6	(36.6–40.5)	41.6	(39.9–43.4)

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 95. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	62.5	(57.2–67.5)	50.7	(45.3–56.0)	56.5	(53.5–59.5)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	59.0	(49.9–67.5)	56.8	(51.1–62.3)	58.1	(51.7–64.1)	55.4	(47.9–62.6)	74.4	(60.3–84.7)	62.0	(46.3–75.4)	75.5	(67.6–82.0)	71.7	(34.4–92.5)	37.1	(33.7–40.6)
California	62.5	(57.4–67.4)	58.1	(52.2–63.8)	60.4	(55.9–64.8)	60.2	(55.2–65.0)	71.3	(62.5–78.8)	39.4	(26.3–54.3)	80.6	(74.5–85.5)	82.4	(71.4–89.8)	44.6	(41.3–48.0)
Colorado	59.5	(54.2–64.5)	52.9	(46.5–59.1)	56.4	(51.4–61.4)	56.1	(50.0–62.0)	69.3	(60.7–76.8)	53.1	(36.4–69.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Delaware	65.3	(61.4–68.9)	54.1	(50.3–57.7)	59.5	(56.5–62.4)	58.7	(55.1–62.1)	72.6	(66.1–78.2)	52.9	(40.8–64.8)	77.1	(73.5–80.4)	83.9	(76.2–89.4)	36.2	(32.7–39.9)
Florida	59.7	(57.5–61.8)	53.4	(51.2–55.6)	56.5	(54.8–58.2)	55.3	(53.3–57.2)	71.5	(67.6–75.2)	51.7	(45.1–58.3)	76.7	(74.5–78.7)	82.0	(77.4–85.8)	36.9	(34.9–39.0)
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	58.9	(53.6–64.0)	51.5	(45.9–57.0)	55.1	(50.8–59.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	65.0	(60.3–69.3)	49.7	(45.3–54.2)	57.4	(52.9–61.7)	55.5	(50.3–60.5)	76.0	(68.0–82.6)	52.2	(43.7–60.6)	73.6	(69.5–77.3)	90.8	(85.3–94.3)	39.9	(34.3–45.8)
Iowa	64.4	(58.6–69.9)	57.3	(50.5–63.8)	61.0	(57.4–64.4)	59.3	(54.9–63.5)	79.6	(69.3–87.0)	59.2	(40.2–75.8)	76.4	(70.2–81.6)	90.7	(82.1–95.4)	40.8	(34.3–47.5)
Kansas	65.5	(62.0–68.9)	60.7	(55.6–65.6)	63.1	(59.5–66.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	63.0	(59.0–66.8)	54.2	(49.1–59.1)	58.7	(54.8–62.5)	57.1	(52.7–61.4)	75.7	(67.1–82.7)	44.9	(28.9–62.0)	76.6	(70.7–81.6)	82.5	(76.3–87.3)	40.3	(36.0–44.7)
Louisiana	67.1	(58.7–74.6)	61.4	(55.8–66.8)	64.5	(59.0–69.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	56.5	(54.5–58.4)	49.5	(47.9–51.2)	53.0	(51.5–54.5)	51.7	(50.0–53.4)	66.3	(62.8–69.5)	44.1	(37.8–50.5)	71.9	(69.1–74.5)	81.2	(77.2–84.6)	30.0	(28.1–32.0)
Maryland	57.7	(56.6–58.9)	49.1	(47.9–50.2)	53.5	(52.6–54.5)	51.3	(50.3–52.3)	71.4	(69.7–73.1)	48.0	(45.1–50.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	60.8	(56.4–65.0)	51.7	(47.3–56.0)	56.2	(52.4–59.9)	55.4	(51.5–59.1)	70.3	(63.3–76.4)	50.0	(39.4–60.5)	76.8	(72.6–80.5)	80.8	(74.4–85.9)	35.7	(31.9–39.7)
Michigan	67.3	(60.6–73.3)	55.6	(48.2–62.7)	61.6	(55.0–67.8)	59.2	(52.5–65.5)	82.5	(72.0–89.6)	63.3	(52.3–73.1)	80.3	(72.3–86.4)	87.8	(78.8–93.3)	40.1	(33.6–47.0)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	70.8	(68.0–73.4)	65.1	(62.3–67.8)	68.0	(65.6–70.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	57.7	(52.4–62.9)	50.0	(45.2–54.8)	54.0	(50.6–57.4)	53.7	(50.0–57.4)	70.0	(58.8–79.2)	37.8	(24.4–53.3)	76.6	(72.6–80.2)	89.5	(82.0–94.1)	36.8	(32.2–41.8)
Nevada	66.4	(62.0–70.6)	54.2	(49.5–58.8)	60.2	(56.4–63.9)	58.0	(53.6–62.3)	72.4	(66.4–77.8)	59.7	(46.6–71.5)	80.0	(76.3–83.3)	82.8	(72.9–89.7)	42.7	(37.2–48.3)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	62.2	(58.4–65.8)	56.3	(52.1–60.4)	59.2	(56.0–62.4)	59.2	(55.8–62.6)	66.5	(58.8–73.3)	43.5	(30.3–57.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	68.7	(64.4–72.8)	63.4	(57.2–69.2)	65.9	(62.0–69.6)	65.6	(61.4–69.7)	79.3	(68.3–87.1)	63.2	(49.5–75.0)	87.1	(83.9–89.7)	84.8	(72.8–92.0)	40.2	(35.0–45.5)
Pennsylvania	62.7	(59.6–65.7)	57.0	(52.9–61.1)	59.8	(57.1–62.5)	59.5	(57.0–62.1)	68.6	(60.3–75.9)	50.1	(39.1–61.1)	78.8	(75.7–81.5)	85.1	(75.4–91.5)	40.3	(37.1–43.6)
Rhode Island	55.2	(51.0–59.4)	45.4	(39.7–51.3)	50.4	(48.0–52.9)	49.3	(46.2–52.4)	63.5	(53.0–72.9)	44.2	(28.1–61.7)	68.2	(61.9–73.9)	84.7	(71.2–92.6)	30.9	(26.2–36.0)
South Carolina	60.3	(54.1–66.2)	56.4	(50.6–62.0)	58.5	(53.3–63.4)	54.6	(49.0–60.2)	79.7	(69.2–87.3)	62.4	(41.7–79.4)	71.4	(66.9–75.6)	90.0	(78.9–95.6)	39.7	(34.4–45.2)
Tennessee	62.1	(56.7–67.2)	52.9	(47.4–58.3)	57.6	(53.4–61.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	64.8	(59.9–69.3)	56.7	(51.5–61.8)	60.8	(56.6–64.8)	58.8	(54.4–63.0)	77.2	(71.1–82.3)	57.3	(45.9–67.9)	77.6	(71.1–83.0)	90.9	(83.5–95.2)	42.5	(37.7–47.5)
Utah	32.1	(26.9–37.8)	28.7	(23.2–34.9)	30.4	(25.8–35.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	66.5	(60.1–72.4)	62.1	(57.3–66.8)	64.4	(60.2–68.3)	62.9	(58.2–67.3)	80.0	(71.2–86.6)	59.1	(41.1–75.0)	84.9	(81.0–88.1)	89.6	(80.1–94.8)	37.3	(31.8–43.0)
Wisconsin	67.2	(62.4–71.6)	61.9	(57.7–66.0)	64.5	(60.9–67.9)	64.4	(60.7–67.9)	70.9	(61.7–78.6)	54.4	(43.7–64.7)	80.7	(76.3–84.5)	82.0	(73.2–88.4)	48.5	(43.3–53.7)
Median	62.5		54.2		58.7		57.6		72.0		52.6		76.8		84.7		39.9
Range	32.1–70.8		28.7–65.1		30.4–68.0		49.3–65.6		63.5–82.5		37.8–63.3		68.2–87.1		71.7–90.9		30.0–48.5
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	60.0	(52.3–67.2)	50.7	(45.0–56.3)	56.1	(50.9–61.1)	51.5	(45.6–57.4)	73.5	(63.1–81.9)	57.2	(40.2–72.6)	61.3	(52.0–69.8)	84.0	(72.5–91.3)	42.6	(34.1–51.6)
Boston, MA	62.5	(57.9–66.8)	52.1	(46.8–57.4)	57.2	(53.3–61.0)	55.6	(51.5–59.6)	77.1	(68.1–84.2)	53.2	(41.7–64.3)	71.9	(68.0–75.5)	84.0	(75.2–90.0)	39.9	(35.1–44.9)
Broward County, FL	68.1	(61.4–74.1)	56.9	(49.5–64.0)	62.6	(57.1–67.7)	62.5	(56.6–68.0)	67.8	(51.9–80.4)	49.1	(30.2–68.2)	75.8	(70.3–80.6)	87.8	(67.0–96.2)	46.2	(40.1–52.3)
Chicago, IL	63.0	(56.6–69.0)	50.8	(45.4–56.1)	57.3	(52.4–62.1)	54.4	(49.1–59.7)	73.7	(62.6–82.4)	53.1	(38.5–67.2)	68.8	(62.4–74.5)	84.4	(78.1–89.1)	43.9	(37.2–50.8)
Cleveland, OH	65.3	(60.5–69.8)	45.9	(41.8–50.1)	55.4	(51.9–58.9)	51.3	(47.6–55.1)	79.9	(71.1–86.5)	58.3	(42.9–72.3)	63.8	(58.9–68.4)	87.6	(81.5–91.9)	34.9	(30.4–39.8)
DeKalb County, GA	48.3	(43.9–52.7)	40.5	(37.0–44.1)	44.4	(41.3–47.6)	40.8	(37.4–44.2)	68.1	(59.3–75.8)	52.5	(38.9–65.8)	56.4	(51.9–60.9)	81.5	(74.4–86.9)	28.1	(24.3–32.2)
Detroit, MI	60.2	(54.7–65.5)	49.0	(44.2–53.8)	55.0	(51.3–58.7)	52.7	(48.9–56.4)	62.2	(51.2–72.0)	57.1	(39.6–73.0)	67.8	(61.4–73.6)	66.8	(53.9–77.6)	40.2	(36.5–44.0)
District of Columbia	53.6	(51.9–55.3)	44.8	(42.9–46.6)	49.6	(48.4–50.9)	45.9	(44.5–47.3)	68.2	(65.1–71.2)	57.3	(51.3–63.1)	59.2	(57.1–61.2)	76.4	(72.9–79.5)	32.4	(30.6–34.3)
Duval County, FL	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ft. Worth, TX	60.5	(57.3–63.6)	52.9	(49.8–56.0)	56.9	(54.5–59.3)	55.4	(52.8–58.0)	74.4	(68.5–79.4)	54.2	(43.7–64.4)	73.6	(70.5–76.5)	92.1	(86.9–95.3)	41.5	(38.4–44.6)
Houston, TX	60.4	(57.7–63.0)	48.0	(45.1–51.0)	54.2	(51.9–56.4)	51.6	(49.1–54.0)	71.1	(65.8–75.8)	54.5	(45.9–62.8)	68.9	(65.4–72.2)	82.3	(75.8–87.3)	40.0	(37.0–43.1)
Los Angeles, CA	58.3	(50.9–65.4)	50.9	(44.8–57.0)	54.4	(48.5–60.2)	53.7	(47.4–59.9)	68.4	(60.5–75.3)	49.4	(38.2–60.6)	71.8	(65.1–77.6)	81.4	(65.0–91.2)	37.9	(32.1–44.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL	66.3	(62.4–70.0)	63.0	(58.3–67.5)	64.8	(61.7–67.9)	63.2	(59.8–66.4)	77.6	(70.0–83.7)	78.9	(66.6–87.5)	77.7	(74.7–80.5)	86.1	(80.2–90.5)	49.6	(45.1–54.0)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	56.5	(52.5–60.4)	49.1	(45.0–53.3)	52.9	(49.7–56.0)	50.3	(46.9–53.7)	77.0	(68.9–83.4)	54.7	(41.5–67.2)	71.4	(67.8–74.7)	81.8	(72.5–88.4)	37.8	(34.0–41.8)
Orange County, FL	57.4	(52.0–62.6)	51.4	(46.4–56.5)	54.8	(50.4–59.1)	53.4	(48.7–58.0)	68.5	(58.3–77.1)	53.2	(38.9–67.0)	76.1	(71.8–79.9)	73.4	(61.2–82.8)	36.7	(31.8–41.8)
Palm Beach County, FL	65.0	(61.5–68.4)	56.7	(53.0–60.4)	60.9	(58.1–63.7)	58.9	(55.8–62.0)	74.0	(67.3–79.7)	64.5	(54.2–73.6)	78.0	(74.6–81.1)	86.5	(80.5–90.9)	42.4	(38.9–46.0)
Philadelphia, PA	58.2	(52.0–64.3)	47.2	(41.0–53.6)	53.0	(48.5–57.4)	50.4	(45.7–55.0)	72.2	(63.0–79.8)	60.2	(42.1–75.9)	66.9	(60.9–72.4)	87.2	(75.7–93.7)	35.6	(31.2–40.2)
San Diego, CA	60.7	(56.3–64.9)	53.2	(48.2–58.1)	56.9	(52.8–60.9)	56.8	(52.2–61.2)	67.8	(59.9–74.8)	42.3	(33.9–51.0)	78.7	(74.2–82.6)	79.4	(71.4–85.6)	37.0	(32.8–41.5)
San Francisco, CA	39.4	(35.5–43.4)	37.0	(33.4–40.8)	38.2	(35.2–41.3)	36.2	(33.1–39.3)	68.3	(61.1–74.7)	28.3	(20.3–37.9)	59.9	(54.7–64.9)	75.9	(66.5–83.3)	25.8	(22.9–29.0)
Shelby County, TN	60.8	(56.5–65.0)	49.2	(44.9–53.4)	55.5	(52.8–58.2)	52.4	(49.2–55.7)	68.4	(60.4–75.5)	73.1	(59.2–83.6)	65.2	(60.2–69.9)	78.6	(67.5–86.6)	41.0	(36.6–45.5)
Median	60.4		50.7		55.4		52.7		71.1		54.5		68.9		82.3		39.9
Range	39.4–68.1		37.0–63.0		38.2–64.8		36.2–63.2		62.2–79.9		28.3–78.9		56.4–78.7		66.8–92.1		25.8–49.6

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 96. Percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	12.8	(11.1–14.6)	18.2	(16.4–20.1)	15.5	(13.9–17.2)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	10.9	(9.0–13.3)	17.1	(14.9–19.6)	14.0	(12.2–16.0)
Black^§	14.9	(11.6–18.8)	14.9	(11.9–18.5)	14.9	(12.1–18.2)
Hispanic	15.9	(13.5–18.7)	22.5	(18.5–27.0)	19.3	(16.4–22.5)
Grade
9	16.0	(13.4–18.9)	20.3	(17.1–24.0)	18.2	(15.8–20.9)
10	12.8	(10.7–15.4)	18.1	(15.2–21.4)	15.4	(13.4–17.6)
11	12.3	(9.9–15.2)	17.4	(14.4–21.0)	14.9	(12.5–17.7)
12	9.3	(7.5–11.4)	16.2	(13.3–19.4)	12.7	(10.8–14.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	11.5	(10.2–13.0)	17.7	(15.9–19.7)	14.9	(13.5–16.4)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	20.2	(16.8–24.1)	24.1	(16.2–34.3)	21.6	(18.0–25.8)
Not sure	17.5	(12.1–24.5)	21.9	(14.9–31.0)	20.0	(14.9–26.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	15.9	(13.7–18.2)	25.0	(22.1–28.1)	20.8	(18.7–23.1)
Same sex only or both sexes	26.9	(22.4–31.9)	32.3	(21.7–45.1)	28.2	(23.9–33.0)
No sexual contact	7.9	(6.6–9.4)	10.4	(9.0–11.9)	9.1	(8.0–10.3)

* Other than a few sips.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 97. Percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	12.0	(9.5–15.0)	13.7	(11.4–16.4)	12.9	(11.3–14.7)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	15.0	(10.8–20.5)	20.8	(17.3–25.0)	18.0	(14.5–22.2)	16.6	(13.8–19.8)	27.5	(19.0–38.1)	15.6	(5.9–35.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	19.1	(15.9–22.8)	26.2	(23.3–29.3)	22.5	(20.5–24.6)	19.9	(17.2–22.9)	39.5	(30.8–49.0)	23.3	(10.1–45.2)	30.2	(26.8–33.9)	33.0	(20.2–48.9)	9.8	(6.9–13.9)
California	15.6	(12.4–19.5)	20.1	(17.4–23.1)	18.1	(15.6–21.0)	17.4	(15.1–20.1)	26.3	(18.1–36.6)	10.8	(5.4–20.2)	22.3	(17.4–28.1)	33.8	(24.0–45.1)	11.9	(9.4–14.9)
Colorado	12.5	(8.9–17.4)	13.9	(11.1–17.4)	13.3	(10.8–16.2)	13.1	(10.3–16.5)	16.8	(11.1–24.7)	10.4	(3.0–30.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	9.0	(7.5–10.8)	14.1	(11.2–17.5)	11.6	(9.7–13.9)	9.8	(8.1–11.8)	18.4	(12.7–25.7)	15.3	(7.1–29.9)	13.5	(11.3–16.0)	23.5	(15.8–33.4)	5.9	(4.1–8.2)
Delaware	14.6	(12.2–17.5)	17.8	(15.6–20.2)	16.1	(14.8–17.6)	16.0	(14.7–17.5)	16.1	(11.6–21.9)	15.6	(8.1–27.8)	20.9	(18.3–23.6)	23.1	(15.3–33.2)	8.5	(6.9–10.6)
Florida	15.1	(13.6–16.8)	18.4	(16.7–20.2)	16.8	(15.4–18.2)	15.7	(14.4–17.2)	22.4	(18.4–27.0)	20.9	(15.7–27.3)	21.6	(19.6–23.9)	32.2	(26.9–38.0)	9.8	(8.5–11.4)
Hawaii	14.5	(12.6–16.5)	18.9	(16.3–21.8)	16.8	(15.2–18.5)	14.6	(13.1–16.3)	28.6	(22.9–35.0)	22.1	(15.8–30.0)	21.6	(19.0–24.5)	38.7	(30.5–47.7)	9.3	(7.9–11.1)
Idaho	13.8	(11.3–16.6)	17.1	(14.4–20.2)	15.5	(13.6–17.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	15.7	(13.7–17.9)	17.6	(14.9–20.6)	16.8	(15.2–18.5)	14.4	(12.5–16.5)	28.9	(22.2–36.5)	21.1	(13.4–31.5)	19.4	(16.2–23.1)	40.0	(28.6–52.5)	9.3	(8.1–10.7)
Iowa	12.0	(8.2–17.1)	17.2	(14.6–20.2)	14.7	(12.3–17.4)	13.2	(10.3–16.9)	29.6	(21.6–39.0)	11.9	(3.5–34.0)	16.8	(14.3–19.6)	32.8	(25.9–40.5)	9.5	(5.7–15.6)
Kansas	17.7	(14.4–21.6)	16.5	(13.4–20.2)	17.1	(14.4–20.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	15.3	(12.2–19.0)	18.5	(16.0–21.3)	17.1	(14.7–19.7)	15.9	(13.6–18.4)	23.9	(17.6–31.7)	21.4	(10.9–37.7)	22.9	(19.3–26.9)	26.5	(19.0–35.5)	9.3	(6.6–13.1)
Louisiana	19.3	(15.2–24.3)	23.8	(18.9–29.5)	21.7	(18.8–24.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	10.7	(9.7–11.8)	12.2	(11.4–13.0)	11.6	(10.8–12.3)	10.3	(9.5–11.2)	17.9	(15.9–20.0)	19.0	(14.1–25.1)	14.0	(12.8–15.3)	24.8	(21.2–28.8)	5.8	(5.0–6.8)
Maryland	14.4	(13.7–15.0)	16.5	(15.9–17.3)	15.7	(15.1–16.3)	13.2	(12.7–13.7)	27.7	(26.0–29.5)	20.0	(17.9–22.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	16.0	(13.2–19.3)	16.2	(12.6–20.5)	16.2	(13.6–19.2)	14.8	(12.4–17.6)	28.3	(18.5–40.7)	20.4	(12.5–31.7)	20.1	(16.7–24.0)	28.6	(20.2–38.7)	9.9	(7.6–12.6)
Missouri	16.9	(13.9–20.3)	19.9	(17.2–22.9)	18.4	(16.2–20.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	17.3	(15.5–19.4)	20.7	(18.4–23.2)	19.1	(17.4–20.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	11.0	(8.3–14.5)	15.2	(12.3–18.6)	13.3	(11.1–15.8)	11.9	(10.0–14.1)	28.3	(17.8–41.9)	15.8	(7.7–29.8)	18.8	(15.4–22.8)	31.5	(18.9–47.5)	7.3	(5.6–9.6)
Nevada	16.5	(13.5–20.1)	17.4	(13.8–21.7)	17.2	(15.2–19.3)	15.7	(13.1–18.8)	25.1	(19.2–32.1)	22.3	(11.8–38.1)	21.6	(16.9–27.1)	32.1	(22.5–43.6)	11.0	(8.7–13.8)
New Hampshire	8.4	(7.6–9.4)	12.5	(11.4–13.6)	10.7	(10.0–11.4)	9.4	(8.7–10.2)	18.3	(15.6–21.3)	16.0	(13.0–19.7)	13.2	(12.2–14.3)	27.1	(23.1–31.4)	5.5	(4.7–6.3)
New Mexico	18.8	(16.1–21.9)	22.4	(19.6–25.6)	20.7	(18.2–23.5)	18.8	(16.4–21.5)	30.0	(24.2–36.6)	28.0	(20.7–36.8)	26.0	(22.8–29.5)	35.4	(28.8–42.7)	13.2	(11.2–15.4)
New York	15.2	(13.6–16.8)	14.3	(12.0–17.0)	15.0	(13.3–17.0)	12.9	(11.2–14.9)	26.9	(22.7–31.5)	18.9	(15.2–23.3)	18.0	(15.3–21.0)	35.4	(28.9–42.4)	8.8	(7.0–11.0)
North Carolina	12.9	(10.5–15.7)	17.9	(14.6–21.7)	15.6	(13.1–18.4)	13.9	(11.3–17.0)	25.8	(18.4–34.8)	21.9	(14.8–31.3)	19.3	(16.5–22.6)	31.5	(22.4–42.3)	7.5	(5.4–10.4)
North Dakota	12.4	(10.2–15.0)	16.6	(13.7–19.9)	14.5	(12.6–16.8)	13.4	(11.5–15.6)	26.3	(19.6–34.3)	11.9	(5.7–23.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	14.3	(11.8–17.2)	20.1	(16.0–24.9)	17.4	(15.2–19.7)	16.5	(14.0–19.4)	24.0	(14.6–37.0)	24.0	(11.5–43.5)	21.7	(18.1–25.9)	33.7	(21.7–48.2)	9.4	(6.8–12.9)
Pennsylvania	11.3	(9.4–13.6)	13.3	(11.2–15.6)	12.4	(10.9–14.1)	11.5	(9.9–13.3)	16.4	(11.5–22.9)	22.6	(14.4–33.7)	15.3	(12.3–18.8)	27.9	(20.4–36.7)	7.7	(5.9–10.0)
Rhode Island	10.9	(8.3–14.2)	12.5	(10.3–15.1)	12.1	(9.9–14.6)	9.9	(7.8–12.5)	19.0	(13.5–26.2)	28.8	(18.1–42.5)	14.9	(11.9–18.5)	33.3	(23.2–45.2)	4.6	(2.8–7.4)
South Carolina	12.3	(9.1–16.5)	15.8	(13.7–18.0)	14.2	(11.6–17.2)	11.7	(9.2–14.6)	29.0	(21.6–37.7)	23.7	(10.6–45.0)	18.9	(15.4–22.9)	28.4	(19.5–39.4)	6.1	(3.6–10.2)
Tennessee	13.7	(11.4–16.3)	17.2	(14.4–20.4)	15.9	(13.8–18.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	14.8	(12.4–17.6)	18.7	(15.6–22.1)	16.9	(14.7–19.2)	15.8	(13.6–18.2)	24.0	(18.6–30.3)	19.4	(10.3–33.5)	20.9	(16.8–25.7)	36.3	(29.0–44.2)	9.8	(7.2–13.2)
Utah	7.7	(5.8–10.1)	7.8	(5.9–10.2)	7.8	(6.3–9.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	11.4	(10.8–12.0)	15.7	(15.0–16.4)	13.7	(13.3–14.2)	12.9	(12.4–13.4)	19.6	(17.9–21.4)	15.7	(13.4–18.4)	17.1	(16.4–17.9)	26.6	(24.2–29.2)	7.1	(6.6–7.7)
Virginia	13.4	(11.6–15.4)	15.8	(13.4–18.6)	14.7	(13.1–16.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	14.5	(11.8–17.6)	23.9	(20.5–27.5)	19.4	(17.3–21.7)	17.9	(16.0–20.1)	32.2	(24.5–41.0)	13.6	(5.4–30.3)	24.2	(20.7–28.1)	35.8	(23.0–51.0)	9.1	(6.8–12.1)
Wisconsin	12.6	(9.9–15.9)	18.1	(14.5–22.5)	15.5	(12.8–18.6)	14.0	(11.4–17.0)	29.1	(21.9–37.5)	13.9	(6.7–26.8)	17.1	(13.9–20.9)	34.8	(27.2–43.2)	11.1	(8.6–14.2)
Median	14.3		17.2		15.8		14.0		26.3		19.4		19.4		32.2		9.3
Range	7.7–19.3		7.8–26.2		7.8–22.5		9.4–19.9		16.1–39.5		10.4–28.8		13.2–30.2		23.1–40.0		4.6–13.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	17.9	(12.8–24.4)	17.5	(13.7–22.1)	18.1	(14.4–22.5)	14.0	(10.1–19.0)	26.6	(17.7–37.9)	34.1	(17.0–56.7)	13.8	(9.8–19.1)	33.5	(21.5–48.1)	15.0	(7.2–28.8)
Boston, MA	14.6	(12.0–17.6)	17.0	(13.8–20.8)	15.8	(13.7–18.2)	14.6	(12.2–17.4)	21.7	(14.9–30.3)	21.3	(11.7–35.8)	19.4	(16.1–23.1)	22.5	(15.1–32.2)	10.2	(7.3–14.1)
Broward County, FL	18.3	(14.0–23.6)	17.3	(13.3–22.1)	17.9	(14.8–21.5)	17.1	(13.6–21.2)	21.6	(12.9–33.9)	23.5	(10.4–44.9)	18.5	(13.5–24.8)	26.0	(16.7–38.1)	15.5	(11.6–20.3)
Chicago, IL	16.0	(13.2–19.4)	17.4	(14.1–21.2)	16.8	(14.3–19.8)	15.0	(12.7–17.7)	25.5	(17.2–36.0)	18.9	(10.3–32.1)	18.3	(14.3–23.1)	30.2	(22.3–39.3)	11.2	(8.2–15.1)
Cleveland, OH	18.9	(15.1–23.3)	18.6	(15.3–22.3)	18.9	(16.4–21.8)	17.7	(15.2–20.5)	26.0	(18.3–35.7)	19.5	(10.9–32.6)	21.6	(18.1–25.7)	31.1	(23.5–39.9)	10.0	(7.4–13.5)
DeKalb County, GA	14.9	(12.4–17.8)	16.1	(13.3–19.5)	15.5	(13.7–17.6)	12.6	(10.7–14.7)	28.6	(20.6–38.2)	30.7	(20.4–43.3)	18.5	(15.3–22.2)	34.5	(27.2–42.6)	9.2	(7.0–12.0)
Detroit, MI	14.3	(11.6–17.5)	19.8	(16.1–24.2)	16.8	(14.4–19.6)	15.2	(12.7–18.0)	22.4	(15.0–32.0)	20.1	(11.0–33.8)	19.0	(14.4–24.6)	24.0	(17.7–31.6)	11.7	(9.3–14.6)
District of Columbia	14.2	(13.0–15.5)	17.4	(16.0–18.8)	16.1	(15.2–17.1)	14.2	(13.2–15.3)	23.9	(21.0–26.9)	22.1	(17.6–27.3)	17.5	(16.0–19.1)	29.8	(26.2–33.7)	9.1	(8.0–10.4)
Duval County, FL	19.1	(16.9–21.5)	22.5	(19.8–25.4)	21.2	(19.4–23.2)	17.0	(15.2–18.9)	33.0	(28.3–38.2)	33.7	(26.3–42.0)	23.5	(20.7–26.5)	34.0	(28.6–39.8)	11.0	(9.2–13.1)
Ft. Worth, TX	13.9	(12.1–15.9)	16.1	(14.0–18.5)	15.1	(13.7–16.6)	13.5	(12.0–15.2)	25.3	(20.3–31.0)	23.1	(15.8–32.6)	19.9	(17.4–22.7)	33.6	(26.3–41.8)	9.4	(7.9–11.1)
Houston, TX	16.3	(14.4–18.5)	17.5	(15.5–19.8)	17.3	(15.7–19.0)	15.1	(13.7–16.7)	25.4	(20.7–30.7)	31.9	(23.7–41.4)	20.4	(17.7–23.4)	34.5	(27.7–42.0)	10.9	(9.0–13.0)
Los Angeles, CA	14.4	(11.7–17.6)	16.4	(13.4–19.9)	15.5	(13.2–18.1)	14.8	(12.2–17.8)	17.3	(10.5–27.1)	24.4	(15.7–35.9)	20.2	(15.7–25.6)	26.3	(15.0–42.1)	10.1	(7.4–13.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL	14.7	(12.6–17.0)	22.8	(20.0–25.9)	18.9	(17.2–20.7)	17.2	(15.4–19.1)	31.0	(24.0–39.0)	26.5	(16.9–39.0)	22.0	(19.8–24.5)	30.2	(22.2–39.7)	13.4	(10.8–16.5)
New York City, NY	17.0	(15.7–18.4)	17.8	(16.1–19.5)	17.6	(16.3–19.0)	15.7	(14.6–16.9)	30.1	(26.4–34.1)	18.9	(16.5–21.6)	21.8	(19.5–24.4)	35.7	(30.8–40.9)	11.5	(10.0–13.3)
Oakland, CA	17.8	(15.3–20.7)	17.7	(15.0–20.8)	17.9	(16.0–19.9)	16.7	(14.7–19.0)	28.9	(21.6–37.5)	18.6	(9.7–32.6)	23.6	(20.3–27.1)	28.6	(20.0–39.1)	12.5	(10.3–15.2)
Orange County, FL	13.9	(11.1–17.4)	18.7	(15.1–22.8)	16.6	(14.1–19.6)	14.7	(12.1–17.9)	26.1	(18.8–35.0)	27.7	(17.1–41.6)	22.8	(18.5–27.7)	24.4	(16.3–34.8)	9.8	(7.2–13.3)
Palm Beach County, FL	15.6	(13.1–18.4)	18.5	(15.6–21.8)	17.1	(15.1–19.3)	14.1	(12.4–16.0)	31.5	(25.0–38.9)	27.2	(19.0–37.1)	18.0	(14.8–21.7)	45.4	(35.6–55.6)	10.0	(8.3–12.1)
Philadelphia, PA	14.2	(11.2–17.8)	13.3	(10.0–17.3)	13.8	(12.2–15.5)	12.0	(10.0–14.4)	22.1	(15.3–30.8)	11.8	(4.2–29.0)	15.7	(12.9–18.9)	27.0	(19.3–36.3)	8.8	(6.5–11.9)
San Diego, CA	12.9	(10.8–15.3)	15.4	(12.5–18.7)	14.2	(12.2–16.5)	13.7	(11.6–16.1)	17.7	(13.8–22.5)	17.4	(11.0–26.4)	16.8	(14.0–20.1)	24.1	(17.2–32.7)	10.1	(8.2–12.5)
San Francisco, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shelby County, TN	17.7	(15.1–20.7)	18.7	(15.1–23.0)	18.4	(16.4–20.7)	15.6	(13.3–18.1)	28.3	(21.6–36.0)	32.9	(22.1–46.0)	19.9	(16.1–24.3)	38.9	(29.8–48.9)	10.5	(7.5–14.5)
Median	15.2		17.5		16.9		14.9		25.8		23.3		19.6		30.2		10.4
Range	12.9–19.1		13.3–22.8		13.8–21.2		12.0–17.7		17.3–33.0		11.8–34.1		13.8–23.6		22.5–45.4		8.8–15.5

* Other than a few sips.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 98. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	31.8	(28.7–35.1)	27.6	(25.1–30.1)	29.8	(27.3–32.4)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	33.2	(28.5–38.3)	31.6	(28.4–34.9)	32.4	(29.0–36.0)
Black^§	24.3	(20.2–29.1)	16.9	(11.5–24.2)	20.8	(16.6–25.8)
Hispanic	35.9	(31.5–40.5)	26.8	(23.5–30.3)	31.3	(28.3–34.5)
Grade
9	22.0	(18.7–25.8)	15.3	(12.8–18.2)	18.8	(16.4–21.4)
10	28.7	(25.7–31.9)	25.3	(21.0–30.2)	27.0	(23.9–30.4)
11	36.8	(32.3–41.6)	31.6	(28.1–35.4)	34.4	(31.1–37.9)
12	41.2	(36.4–46.2)	40.5	(36.0–45.1)	40.8	(37.0–44.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	32.2	(29.8–34.7)	27.7	(25.4–30.2)	29.7	(27.7–31.8)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	39.9	(35.2–44.8)	29.5	(22.7–37.3)	37.4	(32.6–42.3)
Not sure	20.6	(13.8–29.6)	20.6	(14.3–28.8)	21.5	(16.4–27.7)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	50.2	(46.4–53.9)	45.2	(41.9–48.6)	47.5	(44.6–50.4)
Same sex only or both sexes	55.5	(48.7–62.1)	43.9	(35.3–52.9)	52.5	(45.8–59.1)
No sexual contact	15.9	(13.5–18.6)	10.2	(8.7–12.0)	13.1	(11.5–14.9)

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

Top

**TABLE 99. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	28.1	(22.8–34.1)	17.9	(14.5–21.9)	22.8	(19.2–26.8)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	36.4	(31.5–41.6)	30.2	(25.2–35.8)	33.1	(29.2–37.3)	30.8	(26.9–35.1)	52.7	(40.7–64.3)	28.4	(19.2–39.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	25.6	(19.5–32.7)	25.5	(19.7–32.4)	25.7	(20.4–31.9)	23.9	(19.0–29.6)	36.5	(24.1–51.1)	25.4	(9.5–52.6)	42.2	(34.2–50.5)	34.4	(17.3–56.8)	8.1	(6.5–10.0)
California	33.3	(27.0–40.3)	26.9	(20.9–34.0)	30.0	(24.6–36.1)	29.9	(24.2–36.2)	38.9	(26.0–53.5)	10.8	(4.3–24.5)	46.4	(36.6–56.5)	49.9	(35.1–64.7)	17.0	(14.5–19.8)
Colorado	30.4	(26.5–34.5)	21.9	(17.4–27.0)	26.2	(22.7–30.0)	26.4	(22.7–30.5)	35.7	(26.8–45.9)	22.1	(11.8–37.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	32.7	(28.5–37.2)	28.3	(23.9–33.2)	30.4	(27.3–33.7)	29.1	(25.7–32.8)	32.9	(25.7–41.0)	38.8	(26.5–52.8)	44.3	(39.2–49.5)	55.2	(48.2–62.1)	13.9	(11.1–17.2)
Delaware	30.9	(27.6–34.3)	27.1	(23.9–30.6)	28.7	(26.1–31.6)	28.8	(25.8–32.1)	28.4	(21.4–36.6)	19.7	(11.2–32.3)	40.2	(36.3–44.2)	46.2	(38.4–54.3)	13.2	(11.0–15.7)
Florida	29.1	(27.2–31.1)	25.0	(23.1–26.9)	27.0	(25.6–28.6)	26.0	(24.3–27.8)	37.5	(33.3–41.9)	25.7	(21.1–30.9)	41.1	(38.3–44.0)	52.0	(45.6–58.3)	11.9	(10.4–13.6)
Hawaii	26.4	(22.4–30.8)	22.1	(20.0–24.4)	24.5	(22.3–26.9)	22.6	(20.4–25.1)	36.4	(31.1–41.9)	24.1	(16.7–33.6)	40.5	(37.1–44.1)	49.6	(42.4–56.8)	10.8	(8.8–13.1)
Idaho	29.5	(25.2–34.3)	23.6	(19.5–28.1)	26.5	(23.0–30.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	31.4	(27.2–35.9)	23.3	(19.2–27.9)	27.4	(23.5–31.7)	26.5	(22.7–30.7)	40.9	(32.3–50.1)	20.2	(10.7–34.8)	43.3	(38.2–48.6)	61.0	(50.3–70.8)	11.5	(8.8–14.9)
Iowa	32.1	(25.7–39.4)	22.9	(17.8–29.0)	27.6	(23.9–31.6)	25.9	(21.5–30.8)	47.4	(40.7–54.3)	21.5	(10.0–40.5)	42.0	(33.9–50.5)	51.7	(42.2–61.2)	10.8	(7.4–15.5)
Kansas	30.4	(26.6–34.4)	29.2	(24.8–34.1)	29.9	(27.0–32.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	28.6	(24.2–33.3)	24.4	(20.2–29.0)	26.6	(23.1–30.5)	25.8	(21.6–30.4)	38.5	(31.2–46.2)	14.2	(6.6–28.0)	42.2	(37.0–47.7)	40.2	(30.2–51.1)	12.0	(9.4–15.3)
Louisiana	37.2	(28.9–46.5)	30.6	(24.0–38.2)	34.0	(27.9–40.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	23.9	(21.9–26.0)	20.1	(18.5–21.7)	22.0	(20.6–23.4)	21.2	(19.8–22.7)	28.4	(25.4–31.5)	19.8	(15.1–25.4)	34.7	(32.3–37.1)	44.1	(40.1–48.1)	6.0	(5.3–6.8)
Maryland	28.6	(27.6–29.6)	22.2	(21.3–23.2)	25.5	(24.8–26.3)	24.2	(23.4–25.0)	35.9	(34.1–37.7)	22.5	(20.3–24.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	33.0	(28.5–37.7)	29.8	(25.1–35.0)	31.4	(27.4–35.7)	31.2	(27.0–35.6)	37.8	(30.4–45.8)	24.9	(14.3–39.7)	49.4	(43.7–55.1)	54.1	(46.4–61.7)	13.2	(10.6–16.3)
Michigan	33.0	(26.7–40.1)	26.0	(20.9–31.8)	29.6	(24.5–35.3)	28.8	(23.9–34.3)	40.0	(31.0–49.8)	24.7	(16.0–36.1)	47.7	(40.8–54.8)	54.1	(44.4–63.6)	10.1	(7.1–14.1)
Missouri	36.1	(29.8–42.9)	27.5	(22.4–33.1)	32.0	(27.3–37.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	34.8	(31.8–37.8)	31.5	(29.2–34.0)	33.1	(31.1–35.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	27.2	(23.2–31.7)	21.4	(17.5–26.0)	24.4	(21.3–27.8)	23.8	(20.6–27.4)	35.7	(24.1–49.2)	17.8	(9.0–32.2)	40.7	(34.7–47.0)	65.4	(52.0–76.7)	12.0	(9.1–15.6)
Nevada	30.2	(26.8–33.7)	21.3	(17.9–25.1)	25.8	(23.0–28.8)	24.3	(21.4–27.6)	35.3	(27.6–43.7)	24.7	(14.6–38.6)	41.2	(36.7–45.8)	45.2	(37.2–53.4)	12.7	(9.3–17.2)
New Hampshire	30.7	(28.8–32.6)	28.5	(26.6–30.4)	29.6	(28.1–31.2)	29.3	(27.7–31.0)	33.7	(30.3–37.4)	25.9	(21.3–31.1)	44.0	(42.1–46.0)	53.0	(48.3–57.7)	12.0	(10.7–13.6)
New Mexico	28.2	(25.1–31.6)	24.1	(20.7–27.8)	26.2	(23.4–29.4)	24.7	(21.7–28.0)	36.8	(31.6–42.3)	23.7	(18.0–30.5)	41.1	(37.4–44.9)	50.7	(46.7–54.7)	10.7	(9.2–12.5)
New York	32.6	(29.5–35.8)	21.4	(17.6–25.7)	27.1	(24.2–30.3)	26.7	(23.4–30.3)	34.9	(29.3–41.0)	22.2	(17.6–27.6)	45.3	(39.3–51.5)	56.3	(49.9–62.5)	15.1	(13.7–16.5)
North Carolina	28.2	(24.9–31.9)	24.9	(21.3–28.8)	26.5	(23.4–29.9)	25.0	(21.7–28.6)	37.0	(32.0–42.2)	30.3	(20.8–41.9)	38.7	(34.8–42.8)	53.8	(45.7–61.6)	11.0	(8.5–14.2)
North Dakota	31.9	(28.0–36.0)	26.4	(22.4–30.8)	29.1	(25.9–32.6)	29.3	(26.0–32.8)	34.2	(27.3–41.8)	18.4	(9.6–32.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	34.8	(30.1–39.8)	28.7	(24.2–33.7)	31.6	(28.2–35.3)	30.9	(27.1–35.0)	44.8	(34.0–56.2)	30.5	(17.2–48.2)	46.4	(40.1–52.8)	56.7	(45.1–67.6)	14.4	(11.5–17.8)
Pennsylvania	33.7	(30.7–36.9)	28.6	(25.3–32.1)	31.1	(28.5–33.7)	30.7	(28.3–33.3)	39.6	(31.5–48.3)	20.4	(12.8–30.9)	47.0	(42.7–51.4)	56.7	(48.0–64.9)	14.7	(12.4–17.2)
Rhode Island	25.8	(21.0–31.2)	20.2	(15.8–25.5)	23.2	(20.1–26.7)	23.2	(19.4–27.5)	26.2	(20.8–32.5)	20.0	(10.8–34.0)	36.8	(29.3–44.9)	45.4	(34.5–56.7)	9.3	(6.8–12.5)
South Carolina	27.6	(22.8–32.9)	22.9	(18.1–28.5)	25.4	(21.3–29.9)	23.1	(19.3–27.3)	41.2	(33.3–49.5)	21.9	(12.2–36.1)	36.1	(31.4–41.1)	51.7	(36.6–66.5)	12.5	(8.8–17.5)
Tennessee	29.8	(26.5–33.2)	21.7	(17.8–26.2)	25.8	(23.2–28.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	28.5	(24.7–32.6)	25.1	(21.5–29.1)	26.8	(24.0–29.8)	24.8	(22.0–27.8)	43.5	(33.3–54.2)	22.9	(14.4–34.3)	41.8	(36.8–47.0)	50.7	(38.4–62.9)	11.6	(8.5–15.5)
Utah	11.2	(8.0–15.5)	10.1	(7.2–14.2)	10.6	(8.1–13.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	33.9	(32.9–34.9)	32.0	(31.1–32.9)	33.0	(32.3–33.6)	32.9	(32.2–33.7)	36.3	(34.2–38.5)	28.2	(25.2–31.3)	49.1	(48.0–50.1)	56.2	(53.3–59.0)	11.5	(10.8–12.2)
Virginia	26.0	(23.0–29.2)	23.0	(19.9–26.5)	24.5	(22.3–26.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	26.0	(21.1–31.6)	29.6	(25.6–33.9)	27.9	(25.0–30.9)	27.8	(24.5–31.3)	28.1	(20.7–36.9)	20.8	(10.1–38.0)	44.4	(40.3–48.5)	38.5	(27.7–50.5)	8.9	(7.0–11.4)
Wisconsin	32.9	(30.0–36.0)	28.1	(23.9–32.8)	30.4	(27.4–33.7)	30.4	(27.5–33.5)	30.8	(22.9–39.9)	28.2	(20.3–37.8)	45.7	(40.3–51.1)	43.1	(31.0–56.1)	15.7	(12.6–19.3)
Median	30.4		25.0		27.1		26.4		36.4		22.7		42.2		51.7		11.9
Range	11.2–37.2		10.1–32.0		10.6–34.0		21.2–32.9		26.2–52.7		10.8–38.8		34.7–49.4		34.4–65.4		6.0–17.0
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	23.1	(17.3–30.2)	19.1	(13.1–27.0)	21.5	(18.7–24.6)	17.1	(14.0–20.9)	39.7	(27.3–53.6)	21.0	(9.8–39.5)	20.5	(15.5–26.4)	53.3	(38.3–67.7)	11.2	(7.0–17.2)
Boston, MA	29.9	(25.9–34.3)	15.6	(12.2–19.7)	22.9	(19.9–26.2)	21.9	(18.8–25.4)	35.9	(27.5–45.3)	21.1	(12.4–33.5)	32.8	(28.7–37.3)	37.0	(26.5–49.0)	11.6	(9.1–14.7)
Broward County, FL	37.7	(30.7–45.3)	27.1	(20.5–35.0)	32.5	(27.4–38.0)	32.4	(27.2–38.2)	29.0	(19.8–40.3)	33.8	(16.4–57.0)	45.2	(39.6–51.0)	51.8	(31.1–71.8)	17.7	(12.2–25.0)
Chicago, IL	26.9	(21.2–33.5)	20.1	(15.4–25.9)	23.9	(19.8–28.6)	21.3	(17.4–25.9)	36.8	(26.7–48.3)	23.4	(14.6–35.3)	33.9	(27.1–41.5)	49.8	(39.7–59.9)	11.7	(8.4–16.1)
Cleveland, OH	31.4	(27.6–35.5)	21.0	(17.5–24.9)	26.1	(23.3–29.1)	23.7	(20.8–26.9)	41.3	(34.3–48.8)	27.2	(17.3–40.0)	30.8	(26.1–36.0)	53.9	(46.9–60.7)	12.5	(9.9–15.7)
DeKalb County, GA	19.8	(16.8–23.2)	16.7	(13.7–20.2)	18.3	(16.2–20.6)	16.2	(13.8–18.9)	28.1	(21.8–35.3)	28.5	(17.8–42.3)	25.4	(21.4–29.9)	42.3	(33.7–51.4)	8.5	(6.4–11.1)
Detroit, MI	22.2	(17.4–27.8)	13.1	(9.2–18.4)	18.1	(14.4–22.4)	17.1	(13.4–21.6)	21.3	(13.1–32.6)	18.6	(8.1–37.1)	24.7	(18.0–33.0)	27.3	(18.7–38.1)	10.7	(8.2–13.7)
District of Columbia	22.6	(21.2–24.0)	17.8	(16.4–19.2)	20.5	(19.5–21.5)	18.2	(17.1–19.2)	32.0	(29.0–35.2)	26.6	(21.8–32.0)	26.0	(24.3–27.8)	40.1	(36.3–44.0)	9.4	(8.3–10.6)
Duval County, FL	28.3	(25.7–31.0)	22.6	(20.4–25.0)	26.0	(24.2–27.9)	22.8	(21.0–24.8)	40.5	(34.8–46.5)	31.5	(24.5–39.5)	35.5	(32.4–38.7)	45.0	(39.0–51.1)	11.2	(9.2–13.5)
Ft. Worth, TX	26.2	(23.6–29.1)	19.2	(16.8–21.9)	22.8	(21.0–24.8)	22.3	(20.3–24.5)	31.6	(25.0–39.0)	22.1	(14.0–33.0)	35.2	(32.2–38.4)	43.6	(34.0–53.7)	12.5	(10.7–14.6)
Houston, TX	28.2	(25.6–31.0)	19.4	(17.1–22.0)	23.7	(21.9–25.6)	22.3	(20.3–24.3)	35.0	(29.8–40.6)	22.9	(16.0–31.6)	36.3	(33.0–39.8)	49.0	(41.5–56.6)	12.4	(10.7–14.4)
Los Angeles, CA	25.0	(19.3–31.7)	19.9	(16.0–24.3)	22.4	(18.6–26.8)	21.0	(16.8–25.9)	41.6	(31.4–52.5)	16.7	(9.1–28.6)	32.7	(27.4–38.6)	52.0	(34.6–69.0)	12.6	(9.5–16.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL	31.8	(28.3–35.5)	24.9	(21.6–28.6)	28.7	(26.0–31.6)	27.6	(24.8–30.6)	41.0	(33.0–49.5)	31.6	(20.6–45.1)	40.6	(36.9–44.5)	55.0	(47.1–62.7)	14.4	(11.8–17.4)
New York City, NY	20.4	(18.1–22.9)	15.1	(13.2–17.1)	17.9	(16.1–20.0)	15.8	(13.8–17.9)	33.3	(29.7–37.1)	19.7	(16.8–22.9)	30.6	(26.7–34.8)	48.1	(42.5–53.8)	9.3	(7.7–11.1)
Oakland, CA	26.5	(22.9–30.4)	21.1	(18.0–24.6)	23.8	(21.2–26.6)	22.3	(19.7–25.2)	37.0	(29.9–44.7)	27.0	(17.0–40.1)	37.0	(32.4–41.8)	43.6	(33.4–54.4)	12.9	(10.6–15.7)
Orange County, FL	24.6	(21.0–28.7)	20.8	(17.1–25.2)	23.1	(20.2–26.2)	21.1	(18.2–24.2)	35.4	(27.3–44.3)	22.7	(13.1–36.5)	33.9	(29.4–38.7)	40.9	(28.7–54.2)	12.5	(9.9–15.5)
Palm Beach County, FL	36.2	(32.0–40.6)	27.1	(23.5–31.1)	31.7	(28.3–35.3)	28.7	(24.9–32.8)	50.3	(42.1–58.6)	37.5	(27.9–48.1)	48.6	(43.3–53.9)	65.8	(57.8–73.1)	12.9	(10.5–15.7)
Philadelphia, PA	26.0	(20.8–31.9)	14.7	(12.0–17.7)	20.4	(17.1–24.1)	18.7	(15.5–22.5)	32.6	(25.6–40.4)	19.9	(8.9–38.7)	26.6	(21.2–32.8)	45.5	(35.0–56.3)	12.1	(9.7–15.0)
San Diego, CA	29.1	(25.6–32.9)	20.8	(17.0–25.3)	24.9	(21.7–28.5)	24.8	(21.3–28.8)	35.5	(28.4–43.4)	8.9	(4.6–16.5)	40.2	(34.9–45.7)	44.9	(36.3–53.8)	10.4	(8.3–13.0)
San Francisco, CA	18.6	(15.4–22.3)	14.9	(12.1–18.4)	16.8	(14.3–19.7)	15.6	(13.2–18.3)	35.4	(27.0–44.8)	12.8	(8.0–19.8)	31.8	(26.5–37.6)	51.4	(42.0–60.8)	8.0	(6.4–9.9)
Shelby County, TN	24.4	(20.6–28.5)	15.0	(11.2–19.8)	20.0	(17.5–22.7)	18.1	(15.4–21.1)	30.7	(23.9–38.4)	29.5	(18.6–43.4)	24.7	(20.2–29.7)	40.3	(32.2–49.0)	13.1	(9.7–17.5)
Median	26.2		19.4		22.9		21.3		35.4		22.9		32.8		45.5		12.1
Range	18.6–37.7		13.1–27.1		16.8–32.5		15.6–32.4		21.3–50.3		8.9–37.5		20.5–48.6		27.3–65.8		8.0–17.7

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 100. Percentage of high school students who usually got the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	48.4	(45.3–51.5)	37.8	(33.9–41.7)	43.5	(41.0–46.0)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	49.4	(44.2–54.6)	38.6	(35.1–42.3)	44.3	(41.1–47.6)
Black^§	48.2	(40.3–56.3)	39.0	(27.8–51.5)	44.1	(38.1–50.3)
Hispanic	47.9	(41.8–54.2)	36.1	(28.5–44.5)	42.9	(37.7–48.3)
Grade
9	52.4	(46.0–58.8)	38.0	(28.0–49.1)	46.6	(41.1–52.2)
10	48.9	(43.8–54.1)	41.3	(35.1–47.6)	45.2	(41.4–49.1)
11	45.1	(38.3–52.0)	37.5	(30.8–44.7)	41.5	(36.0–47.3)
12	48.4	(43.1–53.8)	35.3	(30.3–40.8)	42.3	(38.8–45.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	50.8	(47.1–54.5)	37.6	(33.6–41.8)	44.2	(41.2–47.2)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	42.1	(32.7–52.0)	45.9	(30.8–61.8)	42.6	(34.6–51.0)
Not sure	28.2	(14.2–48.2)	36.7	(17.4–61.6)	29.5	(17.3–45.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	50.4	(45.6–55.1)	36.1	(32.3–40.0)	43.0	(40.0–46.0)
Same sex only or both sexes	37.3	(29.6–45.7)	34.0	(21.0–50.0)	36.6	(29.8–44.0)
No sexual contact	51.8	(45.0–58.5)	50.9	(42.4–59.3)	51.4	(45.4–57.4)

* During the 30 days before the survey, among the 29.8% of students nationwide who currently drank alcohol.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 101. Percentage of high school students who usually got the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	44.1	(35.9–52.6)	30.2	(21.6–40.6)	38.3	(32.3–44.6)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	44.6	(37.8–51.6)	32.5	(24.3–41.8)	38.8	(33.0–44.9)	41.2	(36.1–46.5)	28.3	(18.8–40.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	49.9	(38.9–60.9)	29.0	(19.8–40.4)	39.0	(31.1–47.5)	41.9	(33.4–50.9)	35.0	(18.5–56.2)	—	—	38.4	(30.8–46.7)	38.4	(18.2–63.4)	60.1	(47.7–71.3)
California	45.5	(36.8–54.6)	37.8	(28.0–48.8)	42.0	(35.4–48.8)	41.6	(34.1–49.5)	45.5	(23.8–69.0)	—	—	37.9	(31.1–45.2)	43.6	(26.6–62.3)	48.9	(36.9–61.1)
Colorado	50.4	(39.7–61.1)	36.0	(27.5–45.4)	44.7	(38.7–50.7)	42.5	(36.4–48.9)	48.9	(33.8–64.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Delaware	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	56.3	(48.5–63.9)	35.1	(29.0–41.8)	46.6	(41.5–51.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	50.6	(42.4–58.8)	31.3	(23.1–40.8)	41.6	(35.4–48.0)	42.3	(34.6–50.3)	38.4	(24.6–54.3)	63.2	(47.0–76.9)	43.9	(35.6–52.5)	38.7	(23.3–56.7)	39.8	(25.7–55.9)
Iowa	48.4	(39.7–57.2)	35.1	(24.8–46.9)	42.9	(35.2–51.0)	44.5	(34.7–54.8)	31.5	(18.8–47.6)	—	—	39.0	(28.3–50.9)	43.6	(30.7–57.5)	65.1	(46.7–80.0)
Kansas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	42.4	(34.4–50.7)	34.8	(29.0–41.1)	38.5	(33.4–43.9)	37.7	(32.2–43.6)	42.6	(29.5–56.8)	—	—	38.8	(33.2–44.7)	44.8	(32.9–57.4)	38.0	(28.8–48.3)
Louisiana	48.7	(39.6–58.0)	27.5	(19.0–38.1)	39.6	(32.8–46.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	47.5	(43.3–51.6)	34.8	(31.8–37.9)	41.3	(38.6–44.0)	43.0	(39.9–46.1)	37.0	(30.2–44.4)	26.1	(15.5–40.5)	43.2	(40.1–46.3)	31.2	(25.6–37.4)	50.9	(45.2–56.6)
Maryland	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	46.3	(39.7–53.1)	30.9	(22.2–41.3)	39.7	(33.9–45.8)	40.7	(33.7–48.1)	32.0	(17.3–51.6)	—	—	39.7	(32.9–46.9)	24.0	(12.6–40.8)	47.8	(36.5–59.3)
Missouri	47.6	(40.8–54.5)	36.6	(29.2–44.8)	42.4	(38.0–47.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	43.8	(39.6–48.2)	36.3	(31.6–41.4)	40.1	(36.4–43.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	32.7	(24.3–42.5)	30.6	(22.2–40.5)	31.7	(26.3–37.7)	31.8	(25.9–38.3)	36.6	(18.3–59.8)	—	—	33.4	(26.7–40.8)	27.4	(10.3–55.3)	31.6	(22.0–42.9)
Nevada	48.4	(41.3–55.6)	30.2	(23.0–38.6)	40.7	(35.6–45.9)	41.2	(35.7–47.0)	42.4	(28.3–57.9)	—	—	40.7	(35.2–46.4)	39.4	(24.4–56.6)	40.7	(31.1–51.0)
New Hampshire	46.8	(43.7–49.9)	33.8	(30.7–37.0)	40.1	(38.0–42.3)	41.0	(38.8–43.3)	39.0	(32.6–45.7)	26.7	(19.5–35.4)	39.6	(37.1–42.1)	30.8	(24.9–37.4)	49.7	(44.6–54.9)
New Mexico	43.4	(40.1–46.8)	33.3	(28.6–38.2)	38.6	(35.5–41.9)	41.4	(37.9–45.0)	31.2	(23.7–39.7)	24.7	(15.7–36.7)	40.0	(35.6–44.5)	28.4	(20.5–38.0)	45.0	(38.1–52.0)
New York	43.4	(38.8–48.0)	38.7	(32.3–45.5)	41.2	(38.3–44.1)	44.7	(40.6–48.9)	36.3	(28.6–44.8)	15.5	(10.0–23.2)	42.4	(37.1–47.9)	37.5	(32.2–43.2)	43.9	(36.6–51.4)
North Carolina	43.1	(37.0–49.4)	36.7	(31.1–42.7)	39.9	(35.6–44.4)	40.6	(36.2–45.1)	39.2	(27.6–52.2)	—	—	39.5	(34.4–44.8)	35.2	(25.2–46.8)	46.0	(38.2–54.0)
North Dakota	43.3	(37.1–49.8)	30.9	(24.4–38.2)	37.7	(32.8–42.9)	37.0	(32.1–42.2)	48.9	(34.8–63.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	52.3	(44.7–59.9)	29.5	(21.5–39.1)	41.9	(36.5–47.5)	42.2	(36.3–48.3)	31.9	(18.9–48.5)	—	—	42.7	(35.9–49.8)	38.2	(20.8–59.3)	40.1	(32.9–47.8)
Pennsylvania	50.6	(44.8–56.3)	39.1	(33.9–44.5)	45.2	(41.3–49.1)	45.8	(41.6–50.0)	39.5	(30.0–49.8)	48.7	(28.3–69.5)	47.5	(42.8–52.4)	36.9	(27.1–47.8)	44.6	(36.4–53.1)
Rhode Island	44.6	(38.2–51.2)	31.4	(22.7–41.8)	38.2	(32.7–44.0)	38.9	(33.9–44.3)	45.1	(35.1–55.4)	—	—	37.7	(31.7–44.2)	28.3	(18.1–41.5)	45.8	(32.6–59.7)
South Carolina	53.5	(45.4–61.4)	30.3	(23.2–38.4)	42.7	(37.5–48.1)	42.0	(35.0–49.2)	41.4	(30.5–53.2)	—	—	43.4	(36.5–50.5)	38.2	(24.2–54.5)	45.6	(29.9–62.3)
Tennessee	41.2	(34.2–48.5)	29.1	(19.8–40.7)	35.8	(29.4–42.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	49.8	(43.6–55.9)	34.2	(27.4–41.8)	42.1	(37.0–47.2)	41.7	(36.8–46.8)	44.5	(35.3–54.1)	—	—	37.3	(31.5–43.4)	47.3	(33.1–61.9)	58.7	(46.1–70.3)
Utah	46.0	(34.7–57.6)	—	—	41.0	(32.8–49.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	46.2	(44.5–48.0)	34.5	(32.9–36.3)	40.2	(39.0–41.5)	40.7	(39.4–42.1)	38.1	(34.5–41.9)	37.7	(31.7–44.1)	40.1	(38.7–41.6)	34.7	(31.0–38.5)	46.0	(42.8–49.2)
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	46.3	(38.5–54.2)	34.8	(27.7–42.6)	39.8	(33.4–46.6)	40.9	(34.0–48.0)	33.1	(19.7–49.8)	—	—	38.2	(30.3–46.8)	42.4	(21.6–66.3)	50.7	(31.7–69.6)
Wisconsin	37.7	(31.7–44.2)	34.2	(28.8–40.0)	36.1	(31.9–40.5)	37.0	(32.6–41.6)	33.2	(21.7–47.1)	—	—	35.5	(30.3–41.1)	37.5	(25.1–51.8)	39.4	(31.1–48.4)
Median	46.3		34.0		40.1		41.3		38.3		26.7		39.6		37.5		45.8
Range	32.7–56.3		27.5–39.1		31.7–46.6		31.8–45.8		28.3–48.9		15.5–63.2		33.4–47.5		24.0–47.3		31.6–65.1
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	47.2	(32.5–62.4)	—	—	40.6	(30.9–51.2)	43.9	(29.7–59.2)	—	—	—	—	46.3	(30.8–62.6)	45.4	(27.0–65.1)	—	—
Boston, MA	40.0	(33.4–47.0)	41.9	(31.8–52.7)	40.4	(34.6–46.5)	40.5	(34.1–47.2)	44.9	(30.0–60.7)	—	—	37.3	(28.9–46.6)	52.9	(36.0–69.1)	39.6	(27.9–52.7)
Broward County, FL	49.4	(37.9–60.9)	40.4	(23.3–60.3)	45.7	(35.3–56.6)	45.4	(33.4–58.0)	—	—	—	—	41.6	(27.8–56.8)	—	—	57.9	(42.5–71.9)
Chicago, IL	44.7	(37.8–51.8)	41.6	(34.0–49.6)	43.1	(38.9–47.5)	42.9	(37.4–48.7)	49.9	(40.1–59.7)	—	—	38.2	(33.1–43.7)	50.6	(38.7–62.3)	55.5	(45.6–64.9)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	39.1	(28.9–50.2)	25.6	(18.7–33.8)	33.0	(27.1–39.4)	34.3	(28.1–41.1)	26.8	(14.2–44.8)	—	—	34.4	(28.4–40.9)	27.0	(16.2–41.5)	41.8	(27.1–58.1)
Detroit, MI	44.1	(35.4–53.1)	—	—	39.9	(31.9–48.5)	34.7	(25.9–44.6)	—	—	—	—	42.0	(31.3–53.5)	45.1	(27.4–64.2)	37.3	(25.1–51.4)
District of Columbia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Duval County, FL	47.6	(42.5–52.7)	32.7	(26.4–39.7)	40.9	(36.6–45.3)	44.3	(39.0–49.8)	36.0	(28.1–44.8)	30.8	(18.2–47.1)	42.8	(37.5–48.3)	39.6	(32.2–47.5)	47.2	(37.3–57.3)
Ft. Worth, TX	48.8	(43.5–54.2)	29.3	(23.7–35.6)	40.4	(36.2–44.9)	41.6	(36.7–46.7)	35.0	(24.2–47.6)	—	—	40.7	(35.3–46.3)	43.1	(29.4–57.9)	44.8	(36.8–53.2)
Houston, TX	43.8	(38.5–49.2)	29.7	(23.6–36.6)	37.8	(33.8–41.9)	37.0	(32.5–41.6)	44.9	(34.6–55.6)	—	—	35.6	(30.5–41.1)	36.9	(26.8–48.2)	42.9	(35.2–50.9)
Los Angeles, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Miami-Dade County, FL	41.6	(36.5–46.9)	30.0	(24.0–36.7)	36.3	(32.3–40.5)	36.5	(31.9–41.3)	36.8	(25.3–50.1)	—	—	35.5	(30.4–40.9)	35.2	(24.1–48.2)	40.0	(31.0–49.7)
New York City, NY	35.8	(30.3–41.7)	27.9	(22.6–33.8)	31.8	(27.9–36.0)	33.2	(29.3–37.3)	34.6	(26.3–44.0)	23.3	(15.7–33.2)	35.9	(31.5–40.5)	31.9	(24.5–40.3)	33.0	(27.8–38.7)
Oakland, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Orange County, FL	46.7	(39.1–54.5)	32.7	(25.4–41.0)	40.0	(35.5–44.8)	43.5	(38.2–48.9)	34.6	(22.1–49.7)	—	—	42.5	(35.6–49.7)	31.2	(19.4–46.2)	45.0	(32.8–57.8)
Palm Beach County, FL	47.9	(42.9–52.9)	36.0	(28.8–43.9)	42.7	(38.6–46.8)	45.5	(39.7–51.4)	38.3	(30.1–47.2)	24.4	(13.1–40.7)	45.2	(39.3–51.2)	34.1	(24.8–44.8)	43.3	(33.0–54.2)
Philadelphia, PA	45.8	(36.5–55.4)	28.7	(18.8–41.3)	39.8	(32.1–48.0)	38.0	(28.5–48.5)	52.7	(33.6–71.0)	—	—	35.7	(25.5–47.3)	46.2	(25.4–68.4)	42.6	(29.0–57.3)
San Diego, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
San Francisco, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shelby County, TN	30.6	(23.9–38.2)	—	—	26.9	(19.9–35.3)	28.6	(20.3–38.6)	29.8	(17.7–45.6)	—	—	27.7	(18.5–39.4)	27.6	(14.8–45.4)	31.5	(22.9–41.5)
Median	44.7		31.3		40.0		40.5		36.4		—		38.2		38.2		42.7
Range	30.6–49.4		25.6–41.9		26.9–45.7		28.6–45.5		26.8–52.7		—		27.7–46.3		27.0–52.9		31.5–57.9

* During the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently drank alcohol.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 102. Percentage of high school students who reported current binge drinking,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	14.1	(12.4–16.1)	12.8	(11.3–14.4)	13.5	(12.0–15.1)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	15.9	(13.1–19.0)	15.5	(13.2–18.0)	15.7	(13.6–17.9)
Black^§	6.8	(4.9–9.4)	4.1	(2.8–6.1)	5.6	(4.3–7.2)
Hispanic	16.0	(13.0–19.6)	12.0	(10.1–14.2)	14.0	(12.0–16.2)
Grade
9	9.2	(7.0–11.9)	5.3	(3.7–7.4)	7.3	(5.7–9.2)
10	12.6	(10.6–15.1)	10.1	(7.6–13.3)	11.4	(9.4–13.8)
11	15.4	(12.8–18.3)	15.4	(12.7–18.5)	15.4	(13.2–17.8)
12	20.1	(16.7–23.9)	21.9	(18.4–25.7)	20.9	(18.1–24.1)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	13.9	(12.4–15.7)	12.6	(11.2–14.2)	13.2	(12.0–14.5)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	18.3	(15.7–21.2)	13.8	(9.7–19.4)	17.2	(14.7–20.0)
Not sure	10.1	(5.5–17.8)	9.7	(5.3–16.9)	10.8	(6.7–16.9)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	23.8	(20.9–26.9)	22.5	(19.9–25.3)	23.1	(21.0–25.2)
Same sex only or both sexes	26.7	(21.7–32.4)	21.1	(14.3–29.9)	25.2	(20.9–30.2)
No sexual contact	5.1	(4.0–6.5)	2.8	(2.0–3.7)	4.0	(3.2–4.9)

* Four or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were female) or five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were male), within a couple of hours, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 103. Percentage of high school students who reported current binge drinking,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	17.3	(13.1–22.4)	10.6	(8.3–13.4)	13.8	(11.5–16.5)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	20.7	(15.5–27.0)	15.4	(12.3–19.2)	17.9	(14.6–21.9)	16.5	(13.5–20.1)	31.9	(22.3–43.2)	12.2	(6.1–22.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	8.7	(4.9–14.9)	14.2	(9.8–20.2)	11.7	(7.5–17.9)	11.4	(7.4–17.3)	11.9	(7.2–18.9)	15.5	(4.7–40.5)	22.0	(14.3–32.3)	13.5	(5.8–28.3)	1.7	(0.9–3.3)
California	15.2	(10.9–20.8)	11.6	(7.4–17.7)	13.3	(9.7–18.0)	13.6	(9.7–18.7)	13.1	(6.9–23.7)	6.2	(1.7–20.2)	23.7	(16.1–33.3)	22.5	(13.6–34.8)	5.1	(3.6–7.0)
Colorado	16.3	(12.9–20.3)	12.4	(9.4–16.2)	14.5	(11.9–17.5)	15.6	(12.7–19.1)	13.4	(10.0–17.7)	11.2	(4.4–25.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	16.2	(13.6–19.3)	13.7	(11.0–16.9)	14.9	(13.2–16.7)	14.3	(12.5–16.4)	14.1	(11.4–17.5)	16.5	(9.8–26.3)	24.1	(20.6–28.0)	28.2	(20.2–38.0)	4.3	(3.0–6.2)
Delaware	15.2	(12.0–19.1)	14.9	(12.3–18.0)	14.9	(12.5–17.7)	15.0	(12.5–17.9)	15.2	(10.2–22.2)	15.8	(8.0–28.7)	22.3	(18.6–26.5)	26.0	(19.0–34.6)	4.8	(3.5–6.4)
Florida	13.0	(11.5–14.6)	12.3	(10.9–13.9)	12.7	(11.5–14.0)	11.6	(10.3–13.0)	20.6	(17.0–24.8)	14.3	(11.0–18.4)	20.9	(18.7–23.3)	30.0	(24.8–35.8)	3.0	(2.3–3.9)
Hawaii	12.4	(10.4–14.6)	12.3	(10.5–14.3)	12.6	(11.2–14.1)	11.6	(10.1–13.2)	16.5	(13.3–20.2)	13.8	(9.2–20.1)	22.8	(20.5–25.3)	26.2	(19.4–34.4)	4.0	(2.8–5.6)
Idaho	16.9	(13.5–20.8)	13.6	(10.3–17.8)	15.3	(12.4–18.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	13.6	(10.3–17.7)	9.9	(6.8–14.2)	11.8	(9.1–15.2)	11.3	(8.3–15.1)	19.6	(13.3–27.9)	5.4	(2.0–13.4)	20.3	(15.2–26.6)	30.8	(22.3–40.8)	2.5	(1.3–4.5)
Iowa	14.5	(10.6–19.6)	12.4	(9.3–16.3)	13.4	(10.7–16.7)	13.0	(9.8–16.9)	24.1	(15.9–34.8)	0.0	—	22.3	(16.3–29.5)	32.1	(21.8–44.5)	3.5	(1.8–6.6)
Kansas	15.4	(11.8–19.7)	16.7	(13.6–20.3)	16.1	(14.0–18.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	13.8	(10.1–18.4)	12.7	(9.8–16.3)	13.2	(10.3–16.7)	13.6	(10.4–17.5)	14.2	(8.9–21.9)	0.5	(0.1–2.2)	24.9	(20.1–30.4)	20.0	(12.1–31.3)	3.1	(2.0–4.6)
Louisiana	15.0	(8.5–24.9)	11.1	(7.0–17.1)	13.0	(8.7–19.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	13.9	(13.2–14.7)	11.8	(11.1–12.4)	13.0	(12.4–13.6)	12.0	(11.4–12.6)	18.2	(16.9–19.6)	12.1	(10.5–13.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	14.8	(12.3–17.7)	17.1	(13.7–21.2)	15.9	(13.3–18.9)	16.4	(13.6–19.6)	14.4	(9.5–21.1)	10.5	(5.2–20.1)	27.0	(22.7–31.9)	27.0	(20.2–35.1)	4.8	(3.3–7.0)
Michigan	14.8	(10.9–19.7)	11.8	(8.3–16.6)	13.2	(10.1–17.2)	12.8	(9.6–16.7)	15.4	(10.0–23.0)	13.3	(6.1–26.6)	22.4	(17.0–29.0)	28.5	(20.3–38.4)	3.2	(1.9–5.2)
Missouri	18.8	(15.4–22.7)	14.8	(11.8–18.4)	17.0	(14.6–19.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	17.2	(15.2–19.4)	17.9	(16.2–19.7)	17.6	(16.2–19.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	10.3	(7.5–13.9)	10.6	(7.6–14.7)	10.5	(8.4–13.1)	9.9	(7.8–12.5)	16.4	(8.1–30.4)	12.1	(5.3–25.0)	20.4	(16.3–25.3)	38.2	(22.4–56.9)	2.3	(1.2–4.3)
Nevada	10.8	(8.8–13.2)	11.3	(8.8–14.5)	11.2	(9.3–13.4)	10.8	(8.9–13.2)	11.9	(7.2–18.9)	14.6	(7.2–27.4)	18.9	(16.2–21.9)	21.8	(14.8–30.8)	4.1	(2.6–6.4)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	11.6	(9.5–14.1)	10.0	(8.3–11.9)	10.9	(9.4–12.5)	10.3	(8.7–12.0)	14.4	(11.5–18.0)	10.8	(7.4–15.6)	19.1	(16.6–22.0)	23.0	(18.4–28.3)	2.8	(2.1–3.7)
New York	13.1	(10.6–16.1)	8.3	(5.8–11.7)	10.8	(8.6–13.5)	11.0	(8.5–14.0)	13.1	(8.9–19.0)	6.6	(3.5–12.3)	20.7	(15.9–26.6)	23.4	(14.7–35.2)	4.6	(3.7–5.7)
North Carolina	12.0	(10.0–14.4)	12.8	(10.3–15.8)	12.4	(10.3–14.8)	12.2	(10.0–14.7)	14.9	(10.7–20.2)	8.7	(4.1–17.6)	20.5	(17.1–24.3)	23.1	(17.3–30.0)	2.8	(2.0–3.9)
North Dakota	18.5	(15.7–21.7)	14.4	(12.1–17.0)	16.4	(14.4–18.5)	16.3	(14.3–18.5)	21.6	(16.0–28.4)	9.5	(4.0–21.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	13.8	(10.6–17.8)	14.8	(11.4–18.9)	14.2	(11.7–17.3)	13.5	(10.8–16.8)	25.3	(17.6–34.8)	11.2	(4.2–26.7)	23.1	(18.7–28.1)	29.5	(18.2–44.1)	3.8	(2.4–6.1)
Pennsylvania	13.3	(10.7–16.5)	12.2	(10.0–14.6)	12.8	(10.8–15.1)	13.1	(10.9–15.5)	12.8	(8.8–18.2)	7.1	(3.6–13.5)	22.0	(18.2–26.4)	20.5	(15.0–27.3)	4.0	(2.7–5.9)
Rhode Island	10.8	(8.3–14.1)	11.0	(7.5–16.0)	11.2	(9.0–13.9)	11.1	(8.4–14.4)	10.9	(5.9–19.1)	15.6	(9.4–24.8)	18.5	(13.4–25.0)	24.5	(17.2–33.5)	2.8	(1.6–4.9)
South Carolina	10.1	(7.6–13.2)	10.3	(7.4–14.1)	10.4	(8.3–12.9)	9.5	(7.2–12.6)	16.4	(10.6–24.6)	14.4	(5.9–31.4)	17.4	(13.8–21.8)	25.1	(15.3–38.4)	2.3	(1.4–3.6)
Tennessee	12.8	(10.2–16.1)	9.0	(6.4–12.7)	11.0	(9.1–13.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	11.8	(9.6–14.5)	11.8	(9.4–14.7)	11.8	(10.0–14.0)	11.4	(9.5–13.6)	14.5	(9.6–21.5)	10.9	(5.4–21.0)	21.8	(18.3–25.6)	24.5	(15.7–36.3)	2.7	(1.7–4.0)
Utah	4.0	(2.8–5.7)	5.5	(3.3–9.3)	4.8	(3.4–6.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	16.8	(16.1–17.6)	16.8	(16.1–17.6)	16.9	(16.4–17.4)	17.0	(16.4–17.6)	17.5	(15.9–19.3)	14.7	(12.5–17.2)	26.9	(26.0–27.8)	32.8	(30.1–35.5)	3.3	(2.9–3.7)
Virginia	13.9	(11.5–16.6)	10.7	(8.7–13.1)	12.3	(10.8–13.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	11.9	(8.9–15.6)	16.4	(12.5–21.2)	14.3	(11.5–17.6)	14.7	(11.6–18.4)	11.3	(5.8–21.0)	3.7	(0.6–18.3)	25.0	(20.1–30.6)	18.2	(9.0–33.3)	2.4	(1.4–4.0)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	13.8		12.3		13.1		12.8		14.9		11.2		22.0		25.1		3.2
Range	4.0–20.7		5.5–17.9		4.8–17.9		9.5–17.0		10.9–31.9		0.0–16.5		17.4–27.0		13.5–38.2		1.7–5.1
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	6.2	(3.5–11.0)	3.6	(1.6–8.1)	5.0	(3.3–7.5)	4.5	(2.5–7.9)	6.2	(2.7–13.8)	5.9	(0.8–31.8)	4.3	(2.1–8.3)	13.7	(7.7–23.2)	2.9	(1.2–6.8)
Boston, MA	13.5	(11.1–16.3)	7.6	(5.4–10.6)	10.5	(8.7–12.6)	10.2	(8.3–12.5)	13.4	(8.5–20.5)	11.6	(5.7–22.1)	17.3	(14.2–21.0)	14.1	(7.7–24.2)	3.0	(1.7–5.0)
Broward County, FL	12.7	(8.2–19.4)	8.8	(5.0–14.9)	10.7	(7.5–15.1)	11.2	(7.6–16.1)	7.9	(3.2–18.3)	9.4	(2.2–32.6)	16.3	(10.9–23.8)	21.5	(11.1–37.6)	4.3	(2.0–8.8)
Chicago, IL	10.3	(7.8–13.4)	7.8	(4.9–12.1)	9.1	(6.9–12.0)	8.5	(6.3–11.4)	12.5	(8.2–18.6)	8.0	(2.9–20.3)	15.1	(10.8–20.6)	20.3	(13.5–29.5)	2.1	(1.0–4.3)
Cleveland, OH	14.7	(12.0–17.9)	11.0	(8.3–14.5)	13.1	(11.0–15.5)	11.2	(9.2–13.6)	22.3	(16.8–29.1)	19.3	(10.8–32.0)	14.9	(11.6–18.9)	27.1	(21.0–34.1)	5.1	(3.5–7.3)
DeKalb County, GA	7.3	(5.6–9.6)	7.5	(5.4–10.5)	7.4	(6.0–9.2)	6.3	(4.8–8.2)	12.4	(9.0–17.0)	11.3	(5.4–21.8)	10.5	(7.8–14.0)	20.0	(13.9–28.0)	2.4	(1.6–3.6)
Detroit, MI	7.2	(5.2–10.1)	4.0	(2.2–7.0)	5.7	(4.0–8.1)	5.3	(3.4–8.2)	6.2	(3.0–12.6)	10.0	(3.6–24.7)	8.1	(5.2–12.5)	12.2	(6.7–21.2)	2.7	(1.5–4.8)
District of Columbia	8.4	(7.5–9.4)	7.4	(6.5–8.3)	8.2	(7.6–8.9)	7.0	(6.4–7.8)	12.6	(10.6–15.0)	13.5	(10.1–17.8)	10.2	(9.1–11.4)	17.7	(14.9–20.8)	2.9	(2.3–3.7)
Duval County, FL	11.0	(9.3–12.9)	11.6	(10.0–13.4)	11.6	(10.5–12.9)	9.0	(7.8–10.3)	19.7	(15.9–24.1)	16.9	(11.3–24.6)	15.4	(13.4–17.7)	20.5	(16.7–24.9)	3.1	(2.1–4.4)
Ft. Worth, TX	9.4	(7.9–11.1)	8.0	(6.6–9.8)	8.7	(7.6–10.0)	8.7	(7.5–10.1)	10.5	(7.2–15.1)	5.3	(2.6–10.8)	15.9	(13.7–18.4)	15.0	(10.4–21.2)	3.0	(2.2–4.0)
Houston, TX	10.8	(9.0–12.9)	7.7	(6.4–9.2)	9.2	(8.1–10.4)	8.3	(7.2–9.6)	14.2	(10.7–18.5)	10.1	(6.5–15.4)	14.8	(12.7–17.2)	23.5	(17.8–30.3)	3.6	(2.7–4.8)
Los Angeles, CA	8.7	(5.8–12.9)	7.6	(5.6–10.3)	8.3	(6.2–10.9)	7.3	(5.3–9.9)	24.1	(14.5–37.3)	1.6	(0.2–10.2)	13.1	(10.3–16.5)	33.0	(18.1–52.4)	2.7	(1.3–5.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL	10.1	(8.1–12.5)	6.3	(4.8–8.3)	8.3	(6.8–10.0)	7.7	(6.1–9.6)	12.7	(8.5–18.6)	11.7	(4.8–25.7)	12.6	(10.2–15.4)	15.7	(11.2–21.7)	3.4	(2.2–5.4)
New York City, NY	5.5	(4.7–6.5)	4.2	(3.2–5.5)	5.0	(4.2–5.9)	4.3	(3.5–5.3)	10.3	(7.9–13.3)	4.8	(3.4–6.7)	10.3	(8.2–12.8)	15.1	(12.0–18.9)	1.5	(1.1–2.1)
Oakland, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Orange County, FL	7.5	(5.8–9.5)	8.5	(6.3–11.4)	8.3	(6.9–10.0)	7.4	(5.9–9.3)	12.9	(7.4–21.4)	9.8	(4.1–21.7)	14.6	(11.6–18.1)	19.5	(11.4–31.3)	1.9	(1.0–3.5)
Palm Beach County, FL	11.3	(9.1–14.0)	8.5	(6.9–10.4)	9.9	(8.3–11.8)	8.9	(7.3–10.9)	13.1	(9.1–18.5)	15.4	(9.5–23.9)	16.8	(14.4–19.5)	22.5	(15.6–31.2)	2.7	(1.7–4.3)
Philadelphia, PA	9.0	(6.3–12.8)	4.9	(3.5–6.7)	6.9	(5.4–8.9)	5.6	(4.2–7.3)	12.9	(7.8–20.7)	15.1	(6.4–31.8)	9.0	(6.9–11.7)	20.5	(10.8–35.6)	3.3	(2.3–4.8)
San Diego, CA	13.8	(11.4–16.5)	9.1	(6.7–12.2)	11.4	(9.4–13.7)	11.0	(8.8–13.7)	19.2	(13.8–26.2)	4.1	(1.3–12.1)	19.6	(15.9–24.0)	25.0	(18.1–33.4)	3.4	(2.2–5.1)
San Francisco, CA	6.4	(4.9–8.3)	5.1	(3.6–7.1)	5.7	(4.5–7.2)	5.2	(3.9–6.8)	13.1	(8.3–20.0)	4.0	(1.8–9.0)	13.5	(10.3–17.4)	25.0	(16.6–35.7)	1.1	(0.7–1.7)
Shelby County, TN	3.3	(2.1–5.2)	4.4	(2.8–6.9)	4.1	(3.0–5.6)	2.8	(1.8–4.4)	9.4	(5.5–15.5)	6.7	(2.2–18.7)	4.1	(2.6–6.4)	11.5	(6.8–18.7)	1.7	(0.9–3.3)
Median	9.2		7.6		8.3		7.6		12.8		9.9		14.0		20.2		2.9
Range	3.3–14.7		3.6–11.6		4.1–13.1		2.8–11.2		6.2–24.1		1.6–19.3		4.1–19.6		11.5–33.0		1.1–5.1

* Four or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were female) or five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were male), within a couple of hours, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 104. Percentage of high school students who reported 10 or more as the largest number of alcoholic drinks they had in a row,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	2.9	(2.1–4.1)	5.8	(4.9–6.8)	4.4	(3.6–5.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	2.9	(1.8–4.7)	7.0	(5.6–8.6)	4.9	(3.8–6.3)
Black^§	1.0	(0.5–2.3)	1.5	(0.6–3.5)	1.4	(0.8–2.4)
Hispanic	3.7	(2.7–5.2)	5.7	(4.5–7.1)	4.7	(3.8–5.8)
Grade
9	1.8	(1.1–2.9)	2.1	(1.3–3.6)	1.9	(1.4–2.8)
10	2.1	(1.1–3.9)	5.1	(3.5–7.3)	3.6	(2.4–5.2)
11	3.5	(2.1–5.7)	6.6	(4.6–9.3)	5.0	(3.6–6.9)
12	4.6	(3.1–6.9)	10.1	(7.8–13.0)	7.3	(5.7–9.4)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	2.7	(1.8–4.1)	5.7	(4.7–6.8)	4.3	(3.5–5.2)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	4.4	(2.9–6.7)	5.8	(3.1–10.7)	4.8	(3.4–6.7)
Not sure	4.9	(1.3–16.4)	5.0	(1.8–13.1)	6.1	(2.6–13.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	4.8	(3.2–7.1)	10.5	(8.9–12.4)	7.9	(6.6–9.6)
Same sex only or both sexes	9.0	(6.0–13.3)	13.5	(6.9–24.8)	10.1	(7.7–13.3)
No sexual contact	0.8	(0.4–1.7)	0.8	(0.4–1.4)	0.8	(0.5–1.3)

* Within a couple of hours, during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 105. Percentage of high school students who reported 10 or more as the largest number of alcoholic drinks they had in a row,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	2.5	(1.3–4.7)	7.9	(5.3–11.8)	5.2	(3.3–8.0)	5.0	(3.2–7.7)	7.5	(2.6–19.5)	3.8	(0.4–25.9)	9.7	(6.0–15.2)	4.9	(1.3–17.1)	1.2	(0.5–3.3)
California	2.0	(1.2–3.4)	4.0	(2.5–6.4)	3.1	(2.1–4.4)	3.3	(2.2–4.9)	1.1	(0.2–5.9)	3.6	(0.7–16.7)	6.1	(3.8–9.6)	3.6	(1.0–12.6)	0.8	(0.3–2.1)
Colorado	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Delaware	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	3.3	(2.0–5.5)	4.6	(2.9–7.2)	4.0	(2.6–6.2)	3.8	(2.3–6.2)	6.5	(3.1–13.4)	1.6	(0.4–5.4)	6.8	(4.1–11.2)	15.6	(8.9–26.0)	0.2	(0.0–1.1)
Iowa	3.4	(1.2–9.5)	6.6	(4.4–9.8)	5.0	(3.7–6.8)	4.9	(3.6–6.6)	7.4	(2.4–20.7)	0.0	—	9.3	(7.2–12.0)	10.2	(2.4–35.1)	0.5	(0.1–2.7)
Kansas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	2.9	(1.5–5.3)	7.2	(5.0–10.3)	5.1	(3.6–7.1)	5.1	(3.5–7.5)	5.5	(2.5–11.9)	0.5	(0.1–2.3)	9.2	(6.2–13.5)	9.8	(5.1–18.0)	1.0	(0.4–2.7)
Louisiana	3.7	(1.9–7.3)	6.8	(4.6–9.9)	5.1	(3.7–7.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	1.2	(0.8–1.7)	3.9	(3.2–4.6)	2.6	(2.3–3.0)	2.4	(2.0–2.8)	2.8	(1.9–4.0)	6.9	(5.0–9.4)	4.0	(3.3–4.8)	7.5	(5.7–9.9)	0.2	(0.1–0.6)
Maryland	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	1.9	(1.0–3.6)	5.3	(2.7–10.3)	3.6	(2.1–6.0)	3.5	(1.9–6.2)	5.2	(3.2–8.2)	4.0	(0.8–18.4)	6.1	(3.3–11.0)	8.8	(4.2–17.6)	0.4	(0.1–2.2)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	3.8	(3.0–4.8)	8.9	(7.4–10.6)	6.4	(5.6–7.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	1.4	(0.7–2.8)	3.8	(2.2–6.4)	2.7	(1.6–4.3)	2.5	(1.5–4.2)	4.9	(1.8–12.8)	2.5	(0.3–16.0)	5.5	(3.4–8.7)	11.7	(5.0–24.8)	0.2	(0.0–0.9)
Nevada	2.7	(1.6–4.8)	3.5	(2.4–5.0)	3.1	(2.1–4.6)	3.1	(2.0–4.7)	2.0	(0.7–5.7)	7.0	(2.0–21.5)	5.2	(3.4–7.8)	5.8	(2.2–14.5)	1.4	(0.7–2.9)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	4.3	(3.0–6.0)	4.6	(3.4–6.2)	4.5	(3.5–5.8)	4.1	(3.0–5.5)	5.6	(3.8–8.3)	7.8	(4.7–12.9)	7.9	(6.1–10.2)	10.5	(7.6–14.2)	1.0	(0.6–1.7)
New York	1.4	(0.9–2.2)	2.8	(1.5–5.1)	2.1	(1.3–3.2)	2.0	(1.2–3.3)	3.2	(1.4–7.0)	1.5	(0.9–2.5)	4.4	(2.5–7.5)	6.6	(3.5–12.0)	0.4	(0.2–1.1)
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	2.4	(1.4–4.3)	8.5	(6.2–11.6)	5.6	(4.1–7.5)	6.0	(4.3–8.2)	3.1	(1.1–8.7)	5.1	(1.5–16.1)	10.2	(7.6–13.7)	4.8	(1.7–12.7)	1.3	(0.6–3.0)
Pennsylvania	2.2	(1.4–3.4)	4.9	(3.7–6.5)	3.6	(2.9–4.6)	3.8	(3.0–4.8)	3.6	(1.6–7.9)	0.9	(0.2–4.4)	6.1	(4.3–8.5)	7.5	(4.3–12.6)	1.0	(0.5–2.1)
Rhode Island	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
South Carolina	2.4	(1.3–4.3)	6.9	(4.7–10.1)	4.7	(3.3–6.7)	4.4	(2.9–6.7)	5.5	(1.9–15.0)	8.2	(1.6–33.4)	8.4	(5.6–12.2)	7.5	(2.5–20.7)	0.7	(0.2–2.9)
Tennessee	2.1	(1.2–3.7)	5.5	(3.8–8.0)	3.9	(2.8–5.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	3.0	(1.6–5.6)	5.0	(3.3–7.7)	4.1	(2.8–5.9)	4.1	(2.8–5.9)	3.5	(1.8–6.7)	0.0	—	8.1	(5.8–11.1)	6.7	(3.0–14.3)	0.7	(0.2–2.2)
Utah	0.9	(0.4–2.1)	2.8	(1.4–5.5)	1.9	(1.0–3.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	2.2	(1.9–2.6)	6.7	(6.2–7.2)	4.6	(4.3–4.9)	4.5	(4.1–4.8)	4.5	(3.7–5.6)	6.3	(4.8–8.2)	7.3	(6.8–7.9)	10.4	(8.7–12.4)	0.4	(0.3–0.6)
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	3.9	(2.5–6.2)	9.3	(6.4–13.4)	6.9	(5.3–8.8)	7.1	(5.6–9.1)	3.7	(1.2–10.8)	1.1	(0.1–8.1)	11.9	(9.4–15.0)	3.0	(0.6–13.1)	1.5	(0.7–3.2)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	2.4		5.3		4.1		4.1		4.5		3.6		7.3		7.5		0.7
Range	0.9–4.3		2.8–9.3		1.9–6.9		2.0–7.1		1.1–7.5		0.0–8.2		4.0–11.9		3.0–15.6		0.2–1.5
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Boston, MA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Broward County, FL	2.2	(0.6–8.0)	2.9	(1.3–6.4)	2.5	(1.2–5.3)	2.6	(1.1–6.0)	1.6	(0.3–7.5)	0.6	(0.1–5.0)	2.6	(1.0–6.6)	11.2	(3.0–34.2)	0.5	(0.1–3.6)
Chicago, IL	1.0	(0.5–1.9)	1.8	(1.0–3.4)	1.4	(0.8–2.3)	1.6	(0.9–2.7)	0.0	—	2.9	(0.8–10.3)	2.8	(1.6–4.8)	2.3	(0.5–9.6)	0.1	(0.0–0.5)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Detroit, MI	1.4	(0.7–2.8)	1.0	(0.2–4.6)	1.2	(0.5–2.7)	1.1	(0.3–3.2)	0.5	(0.1–3.6)	3.8	(0.5–23.5)	2.5	(0.9–6.8)	2.5	(0.8–7.9)	0.0	—
District of Columbia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Duval County, FL	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ft. Worth, TX	2.2	(1.5–3.2)	4.1	(3.0–5.5)	3.2	(2.5–4.0)	3.1	(2.4–4.1)	3.6	(1.7–7.5)	1.4	(0.3–5.7)	5.7	(4.1–7.7)	11.3	(6.5–18.9)	0.7	(0.3–1.2)
Houston, TX	2.9	(2.1–3.9)	3.6	(2.6–4.9)	3.2	(2.6–4.1)	3.1	(2.5–4.0)	3.0	(1.4–6.1)	3.5	(1.4–8.2)	5.5	(4.0–7.5)	10.2	(6.7–15.2)	0.5	(0.3–1.2)
Los Angeles, CA	1.7	(0.8–3.9)	2.7	(1.7–4.2)	2.3	(1.5–3.6)	2.3	(1.6–3.3)	3.8	(0.8–15.8)	0.0	—	4.8	(3.1–7.3)	5.3	(0.9–25.7)	0.4	(0.1–1.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL	1.7	(1.1–2.4)	2.4	(1.6–3.7)	2.1	(1.5–2.8)	1.7	(1.2–2.3)	5.2	(3.0–8.7)	4.8	(1.0–21.0)	3.2	(2.2–4.8)	6.8	(3.4–13.0)	0.3	(0.1–1.2)
New York City, NY	0.9	(0.7–1.2)	1.8	(1.3–2.6)	1.4	(1.1–1.9)	1.0	(0.7–1.5)	3.7	(2.3–5.9)	2.0	(1.2–3.5)	2.7	(1.9–3.7)	8.3	(5.5–12.4)	0.2	(0.1–0.4)
Oakland, CA	1.9	(1.1–3.2)	2.7	(1.7–4.1)	2.3	(1.6–3.3)	2.2	(1.5–3.2)	3.9	(1.6–9.4)	1.9	(0.3–12.6)	3.2	(2.0–5.2)	7.8	(3.5–16.4)	1.1	(0.5–2.3)
Orange County, FL	1.0	(0.4–2.3)	3.2	(1.7–5.8)	2.1	(1.2–3.6)	2.2	(1.3–3.6)	2.2	(0.5–8.4)	1.6	(0.2–11.1)	4.2	(2.5–7.0)	3.8	(0.9–14.5)	0.2	(0.0–1.6)
Palm Beach County, FL	1.5	(0.9–2.5)	3.8	(2.7–5.3)	2.6	(2.0–3.4)	2.2	(1.6–3.1)	5.1	(2.6–9.8)	4.4	(1.5–12.0)	3.9	(2.9–5.4)	8.7	(4.5–16.1)	0.9	(0.4–2.1)
Philadelphia, PA	1.5	(0.6–3.6)	2.2	(1.2–3.9)	1.9	(1.1–3.2)	1.7	(1.0–3.1)	3.8	(1.4–9.6)	2.4	(0.6–9.5)	3.1	(1.6–5.9)	3.0	(0.7–12.2)	1.0	(0.4–2.7)
San Diego, CA	1.6	(1.0–2.7)	2.8	(1.8–4.4)	2.2	(1.5–3.4)	2.3	(1.5–3.5)	1.9	(0.7–5.4)	2.2	(0.4–10.0)	3.5	(2.1–5.9)	5.8	(2.4–13.5)	0.8	(0.3–1.9)
San Francisco, CA	1.0	(0.5–2.0)	1.3	(0.7–2.3)	1.2	(0.8–1.9)	1.0	(0.6–1.8)	2.2	(0.9–5.3)	3.5	(1.2–9.9)	2.3	(1.4–3.9)	8.3	(4.0–16.5)	0.1	(0.0–0.4)
Shelby County, TN	0.6	(0.2–1.8)	1.6	(0.6–4.3)	1.1	(0.5–2.4)	0.4	(0.2–0.8)	3.1	(0.9–10.3)	0.0	—	0.8	(0.3–2.4)	5.9	(2.1–15.3)	0.1	(0.0–0.5)
Median	1.5		2.7		2.1		2.2		3.1		2.2		3.2		6.8		0.4
Range	0.6–2.9		1.0–4.1		1.1–3.2		0.4–3.1		0.0–5.2		0.0–4.8		0.8–5.7		2.3–11.3		0.0–1.1

* Within a couple of hours, during the 30 days before the survey.
^†95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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**TABLE 106. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	35.9	(32.6–39.3)	35.2	(32.6–37.9)	35.6	(33.0–38.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	32.1	(27.0–37.5)	31.7	(28.9–34.7)	32.0	(28.6–35.5)
Black^§	44.9	(39.7–50.3)	40.5	(36.9–44.1)	42.8	(39.6–46.1)
Hispanic	42.7	(37.9–47.8)	42.1	(36.3–48.2)	42.4	(37.6–47.3)
Grade
9	24.1	(20.7–27.9)	23.4	(20.2–27.0)	23.8	(21.1–26.8)
10	33.6	(29.7–37.6)	33.1	(30.0–36.4)	33.3	(30.4–36.4)
11	42.3	(37.1–47.7)	40.3	(37.3–43.4)	41.4	(38.1–44.7)
12	45.3	(40.9–49.7)	46.2	(41.1–51.4)	45.8	(41.8–49.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	34.7	(32.1–37.3)	35.7	(32.8–38.7)	35.2	(32.9–37.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	54.3	(49.0–59.4)	38.5	(31.3–46.2)	50.4	(45.6–55.3)
Not sure	29.9	(22.3–38.9)	24.9	(18.9–32.0)	28.8	(23.4–34.8)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	54.6	(51.1–58.0)	56.3	(53.0–59.6)	55.5	(52.7–58.3)
Same sex only or both sexes	71.6	(65.4–77.1)	55.5	(44.7–65.7)	67.5	(60.9–73.5)
No sexual contact	16.6	(14.4–19.0)	13.3	(10.8–16.3)	15.0	(13.5–16.7)

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 107. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	43.9	(38.5–49.4)	39.5	(34.8–44.5)	41.5	(37.7–45.5)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	30.8	(23.2–39.6)	30.9	(24.9–37.7)	31.0	(25.4–37.3)	27.4	(22.4–33.1)	51.1	(27.7–74.0)	33.8	(18.8–52.9)	46.1	(40.6–51.6)	53.0	(25.9–78.5)	9.2	(6.0–13.9)
California	37.4	(30.7–44.5)	37.8	(33.2–42.7)	37.7	(32.7–43.0)	37.3	(32.3–42.6)	47.6	(35.6–59.8)	22.8	(11.4–40.5)	58.6	(53.2–63.8)	67.0	(54.1–77.8)	17.4	(13.5–22.1)
Colorado	39.7	(33.1–46.8)	31.3	(25.9–37.2)	35.5	(30.3–41.1)	34.6	(29.7–39.9)	52.0	(42.9–61.0)	29.4	(19.9–41.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	34.7	(31.7–37.9)	34.3	(30.5–38.2)	34.5	(32.3–36.7)	33.5	(31.0–36.1)	39.1	(31.4–47.4)	33.6	(22.4–47.0)	52.7	(48.8–56.5)	66.2	(59.8–72.2)	13.9	(11.1–17.3)
Delaware	45.0	(40.7–49.4)	42.9	(38.5–47.4)	44.1	(40.5–47.6)	42.8	(39.3–46.3)	56.5	(47.8–64.9)	31.1	(18.7–47.0)	63.2	(59.8–66.5)	72.5	(63.6–80.0)	16.7	(13.9–19.9)
Florida	33.2	(30.7–35.9)	35.6	(33.3–38.0)	34.5	(32.6–36.4)	33.1	(31.1–35.2)	49.9	(46.3–53.5)	31.0	(25.3–37.3)	53.9	(51.5–56.3)	63.8	(58.6–68.7)	14.1	(12.6–15.7)
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	31.5	(26.4–37.1)	28.7	(24.8–33.1)	30.0	(26.2–34.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	36.5	(31.3–42.0)	31.9	(27.2–37.0)	34.2	(30.0–38.5)	32.5	(28.2–37.2)	53.8	(42.2–65.1)	24.5	(17.1–33.7)	51.6	(46.0–57.2)	74.3	(62.2–83.6)	13.7	(10.8–17.2)
Iowa	27.3	(21.1–34.5)	25.3	(19.3–32.5)	26.5	(21.5–32.2)	23.3	(18.1–29.5)	49.5	(38.0–61.0)	38.0	(20.4–59.4)	39.9	(33.6–46.5)	61.5	(49.6–72.2)	7.6	(5.0–11.4)
Kansas	27.0	(24.3–30.0)	25.0	(21.2–29.3)	26.1	(23.5–28.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	32.9	(28.2–37.9)	30.9	(27.1–35.1)	32.1	(28.7–35.6)	30.2	(26.8–33.8)	51.3	(39.4–63.0)	19.1	(9.9–33.8)	48.9	(43.7–54.1)	59.7	(47.8–70.5)	13.2	(10.5–16.5)
Louisiana	37.0	(31.5–42.8)	35.8	(30.0–42.0)	36.7	(32.5–41.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	33.5	(31.2–35.8)	30.9	(28.4–33.4)	32.2	(30.1–34.3)	30.5	(28.2–32.9)	47.1	(43.1–51.1)	27.2	(22.6–32.3)	48.5	(45.4–51.6)	64.1	(60.4–67.7)	10.5	(9.4–11.7)
Maryland	32.9	(31.8–34.0)	29.7	(28.5–30.8)	31.4	(30.5–32.3)	29.3	(28.3–30.2)	46.9	(44.6–49.2)	25.9	(23.6–28.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	38.4	(34.1–42.8)	37.5	(33.0–42.2)	37.9	(34.0–42.0)	37.2	(33.3–41.2)	51.3	(43.6–58.9)	26.0	(16.6–38.2)	60.2	(55.0–65.2)	68.2	(59.6–75.8)	14.3	(11.9–16.9)
Michigan	43.7	(36.6–51.0)	39.1	(31.7–47.0)	41.4	(34.6–48.5)	39.3	(32.3–46.6)	66.1	(56.2–74.9)	35.3	(23.8–48.7)	62.5	(54.3–70.1)	83.5	(75.3–89.4)	15.1	(11.6–19.5)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	39.2	(35.8–42.7)	34.2	(31.6–36.9)	36.7	(34.2–39.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	24.7	(19.9–30.1)	25.8	(21.1–31.1)	25.4	(21.7–29.5)	24.3	(20.5–28.6)	46.1	(35.3–57.2)	15.5	(8.1–27.8)	43.9	(37.6–50.4)	66.9	(54.3–77.5)	10.1	(7.4–13.6)
Nevada	39.9	(35.2–44.8)	34.3	(28.6–40.4)	37.2	(32.8–41.9)	35.6	(30.9–40.7)	49.1	(40.5–57.7)	27.7	(17.6–40.8)	59.9	(54.2–65.3)	64.1	(51.6–74.9)	16.3	(12.4–21.1)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	37.9	(33.1–42.9)	35.1	(29.5–41.2)	36.5	(31.9–41.4)	34.7	(30.2–39.4)	53.9	(46.6–61.1)	29.9	(19.9–42.3)	53.9	(49.7–58.0)	68.5	(61.7–74.6)	14.6	(11.6–18.2)
North Dakota	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	33.9	(28.3–40.1)	33.2	(28.6–38.1)	33.4	(29.2–37.8)	31.6	(27.0–36.5)	53.0	(42.9–62.8)	30.3	(15.2–51.3)	50.1	(43.2–57.1)	62.4	(47.8–75.1)	11.0	(7.8–15.3)
Pennsylvania	33.6	(29.6–37.7)	33.3	(29.6–37.2)	33.4	(30.2–36.8)	32.7	(29.8–35.8)	43.7	(35.0–52.8)	21.2	(13.6–31.5)	52.3	(47.8–56.7)	60.1	(52.2–67.5)	12.8	(10.5–15.5)
Rhode Island	37.5	(30.5–45.1)	36.0	(32.1–40.1)	36.9	(32.7–41.4)	35.9	(32.6–39.3)	48.2	(32.8–63.9)	33.1	(22.8–45.3)	57.3	(53.2–61.2)	65.4	(55.2–74.4)	15.5	(12.4–19.2)
South Carolina	36.5	(31.4–41.9)	33.9	(28.2–40.2)	35.5	(31.3–39.8)	31.1	(27.3–35.2)	61.7	(50.8–71.4)	34.0	(23.4–46.4)	47.9	(42.8–53.1)	78.6	(66.6–87.2)	14.4	(11.4–18.1)
Tennessee	34.0	(29.5–38.9)	33.2	(29.9–36.8)	33.8	(30.3–37.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	35.0	(29.4–41.0)	33.4	(30.3–36.8)	34.4	(30.3–38.8)	32.0	(27.7–36.5)	52.1	(44.2–59.9)	30.9	(22.7–40.6)	54.4	(50.0–58.8)	67.6	(57.2–76.4)	11.9	(9.4–15.1)
Utah	16.1	(12.3–20.9)	16.8	(12.4–22.4)	16.6	(13.0–21.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	33.4	(30.0–36.9)	36.1	(31.0–41.6)	35.1	(31.5–38.8)	32.9	(29.2–36.8)	54.9	(47.6–62.0)	29.2	(16.8–45.8)	51.6	(45.6–57.5)	65.2	(53.8–75.2)	11.3	(8.6–14.9)
Wisconsin	30.7	(26.6–35.2)	29.9	(25.9–34.3)	30.2	(27.1–33.5)	29.1	(26.0–32.5)	40.8	(33.4–48.7)	27.1	(18.4–37.9)	49.1	(43.7–54.5)	62.0	(49.5–73.1)	9.1	(7.1–11.6)
Median	34.3		33.3		34.4		32.7		51.1		29.4		52.3		65.4		13.7
Range	16.1–45.0		16.8–42.9		16.6–44.1		23.3–42.8		39.1–66.1		15.5–38.0		39.9–63.2		53.0–83.5		7.6–17.4
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	49.6	(41.8–57.5)	43.5	(36.8–50.4)	46.9	(41.4–52.3)	43.1	(37.3–49.0)	60.7	(42.9–76.0)	42.5	(29.1–57.1)	61.0	(53.5–68.0)	82.2	(68.8–90.7)	21.8	(16.4–28.4)
Boston, MA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Broward County, FL	35.5	(29.2–42.5)	37.6	(30.6–45.2)	36.8	(30.9–43.1)	36.2	(30.2–42.8)	47.3	(33.1–62.0)	21.0	(10.8–37.0)	51.1	(43.2–58.9)	62.5	(42.1–79.2)	17.8	(13.0–23.9)
Chicago, IL	46.7	(41.2–52.2)	40.3	(34.5–46.4)	43.8	(39.7–48.0)	41.9	(37.5–46.5)	58.1	(50.8–65.0)	34.8	(22.0–50.3)	64.0	(59.3–68.6)	71.7	(64.4–78.0)	22.2	(18.3–26.8)
Cleveland, OH	50.7	(46.4–54.9)	40.4	(35.7–45.2)	45.6	(42.0–49.3)	42.6	(38.7–46.6)	68.0	(58.9–75.9)	36.7	(23.8–51.9)	56.6	(51.9–61.2)	78.9	(72.0–84.5)	19.7	(15.8–24.2)
DeKalb County, GA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Detroit, MI	41.3	(36.6–46.1)	33.6	(28.4–39.2)	37.9	(34.1–41.8)	34.5	(30.5–38.8)	53.8	(42.5–64.8)	49.1	(34.6–63.7)	54.5	(48.1–60.9)	59.5	(49.5–68.8)	19.7	(16.2–23.7)
District of Columbia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Duval County, FL	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ft. Worth, TX	37.0	(34.2–39.9)	37.4	(34.5–40.4)	37.3	(35.0–39.6)	35.6	(33.3–37.9)	53.6	(46.7–60.4)	39.4	(29.6–50.0)	58.9	(55.5–62.2)	70.4	(62.9–77.0)	18.3	(16.2–20.6)
Houston, TX	33.9	(31.3–36.6)	34.8	(31.9–37.8)	34.4	(32.3–36.6)	31.4	(29.0–33.9)	53.5	(47.3–59.7)	34.9	(26.7–44.1)	54.6	(51.6–57.7)	65.6	(58.9–71.7)	15.0	(13.0–17.3)
Los Angeles, CA	37.5	(32.0–43.3)	34.4	(29.4–39.9)	35.9	(31.5–40.7)	35.5	(30.8–40.6)	48.1	(36.8–59.6)	27.7	(17.1–41.5)	52.9	(47.4–58.3)	61.2	(43.7–76.3)	20.4	(16.7–24.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL	35.0	(31.6–38.7)	33.1	(28.2–38.4)	34.3	(31.1–37.7)	32.0	(28.7–35.5)	51.6	(44.0–59.1)	35.8	(25.0–48.3)	50.0	(45.6–54.4)	62.1	(55.0–68.8)	13.9	(11.6–16.4)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	43.9	(39.7–48.2)	38.0	(33.9–42.2)	40.8	(37.6–44.0)	38.8	(35.5–42.2)	63.3	(53.8–71.9)	30.2	(20.4–42.2)	62.0	(56.9–66.9)	73.6	(65.3–80.4)	22.4	(19.2–26.0)
Orange County, FL	31.6	(28.2–35.3)	33.9	(28.7–39.5)	33.0	(29.3–36.8)	30.5	(26.8–34.5)	44.7	(34.7–55.2)	36.9	(25.6–49.9)	51.6	(46.4–56.8)	60.8	(50.5–70.3)	13.1	(10.7–16.0)
Palm Beach County, FL	36.7	(32.3–41.3)	35.1	(31.5–38.9)	35.9	(33.0–38.9)	32.8	(29.5–36.3)	57.3	(50.7–63.6)	42.9	(32.3–54.2)	55.6	(51.8–59.4)	68.6	(61.3–75.1)	14.9	(12.2–18.0)
Philadelphia, PA	35.9	(29.4–43.0)	32.4	(25.7–39.9)	34.2	(29.3–39.5)	32.0	(27.4–36.9)	51.2	(39.7–62.6)	27.5	(16.2–42.8)	50.1	(44.2–56.0)	62.4	(50.8–72.7)	15.8	(13.0–19.1)
San Diego, CA	37.0	(33.2–41.0)	35.1	(31.2–39.2)	36.1	(33.1–39.2)	35.8	(32.5–39.2)	48.4	(40.1–56.8)	21.4	(14.1–31.2)	57.4	(53.1–61.6)	61.9	(54.8–68.5)	15.4	(13.0–18.3)
San Francisco, CA	26.4	(23.1–30.0)	24.7	(21.3–28.4)	25.6	(22.8–28.7)	25.1	(22.3–28.2)	38.8	(30.4–47.9)	18.7	(12.3–27.3)	54.1	(49.7–58.4)	58.4	(48.6–67.6)	9.9	(8.1–12.1)
Shelby County, TN	42.9	(38.4–47.6)	44.9	(39.6–50.3)	44.0	(40.0–48.1)	41.0	(36.7–45.5)	61.8	(51.9–70.9)	39.2	(26.6–53.4)	59.2	(53.4–64.9)	70.2	(59.3–79.2)	20.5	(16.9–24.6)
Median	37.0		35.1		36.4		35.6		53.6		35.4		55.1		64.0		18.1
Range	26.4–50.7		24.7–44.9		25.6–46.9		25.1–43.1		38.8–68.0		18.7–49.1		50.0–64.0		58.4–82.2		9.9–22.4

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 108. Percentage of high school students who tried marijuana* for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	5.3	(4.4–6.3)	8.3	(7.1–9.7)	6.8	(5.8–8.0)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	4.0	(2.8–5.6)	5.5	(4.2–7.2)	4.7	(3.7–6.0)
Black^§	6.8	(4.9–9.4)	12.8	(10.8–15.1)	9.8	(8.1–11.7)
Hispanic	7.5	(5.7–9.9)	12.1	(9.5–15.3)	9.8	(7.7–12.5)
Grade
9	6.0	(4.7–7.7)	8.0	(6.6–9.7)	7.0	(5.8–8.3)
10	5.0	(3.7–6.6)	8.6	(7.0–10.4)	6.7	(5.7–7.9)
11	5.1	(3.5–7.2)	8.2	(6.3–10.5)	6.6	(5.1–8.6)
12	4.8	(3.3–6.8)	8.4	(6.4–10.9)	6.5	(5.1–8.4)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	4.3	(3.6–5.1)	8.2	(6.8–9.8)	6.3	(5.4–7.5)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	10.7	(9.0–12.6)	11.4	(7.2–17.5)	11.1	(9.4–13.0)
Not sure	6.7	(3.6–12.1)	9.6	(6.0–15.2)	8.7	(6.1–12.3)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	6.9	(5.5–8.6)	13.6	(11.4–16.2)	10.6	(9.0–12.4)
Same sex only or both sexes	17.7	(13.6–22.7)	18.8	(12.2–28.0)	18.0	(14.1–22.7)
No sexual contact	1.4	(0.8–2.5)	2.0	(1.4–2.8)	1.7	(1.3–2.2)

* Also called grass, pot, or weed.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 109. Percentage of high school students who tried marijuana* for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	10.7	(8.1–14.2)	10.6	(7.5–14.7)	10.7	(8.7–13.0)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	5.1	(3.3–7.9)	9.7	(7.4–12.7)	7.4	(5.6–9.6)	6.2	(4.8–8.1)	14.4	(8.7–22.7)	8.0	(2.0–27.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	7.8	(5.5–11.1)	12.7	(10.1–15.7)	10.6	(9.0–12.4)	7.8	(6.3–9.7)	23.3	(14.5–35.4)	8.0	(3.2–18.7)	12.8	(11.0–14.9)	18.6	(10.1–31.8)	2.0	(1.0–3.9)
California	5.1	(3.5–7.5)	7.6	(5.9–9.7)	6.6	(5.2–8.4)	6.3	(4.7–8.3)	7.5	(3.9–14.1)	12.8	(4.5–31.3)	10.0	(6.6–14.9)	11.8	(5.1–24.7)	1.9	(1.2–3.3)
Colorado	5.1	(3.4–7.5)	6.9	(5.0–9.4)	5.9	(4.5–7.7)	5.8	(4.2–7.9)	8.0	(4.3–14.3)	1.7	(0.2–11.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	2.6	(2.0–3.3)	5.9	(4.3–8.1)	4.4	(3.4–5.6)	3.7	(2.9–4.7)	8.5	(4.8–14.5)	1.9	(0.4–8.0)	6.1	(4.5–8.2)	11.5	(7.9–16.4)	0.8	(0.4–1.8)
Delaware	5.1	(3.7–7.0)	9.7	(8.1–11.6)	7.4	(6.3–8.7)	7.3	(6.0–8.7)	9.3	(5.6–14.8)	9.6	(3.5–23.9)	10.6	(8.8–12.8)	17.2	(12.0–24.1)	1.7	(1.0–2.9)
Florida	4.8	(4.1–5.6)	9.2	(7.8–10.8)	7.1	(6.2–8.1)	6.3	(5.4–7.4)	11.8	(8.9–15.5)	11.2	(7.9–15.7)	10.5	(8.8–12.6)	16.7	(13.4–20.7)	1.9	(1.5–2.5)
Hawaii	7.3	(5.8–9.2)	10.6	(8.4–13.4)	9.1	(7.4–11.0)	7.0	(5.9–8.3)	20.1	(14.4–27.3)	13.7	(7.6–23.4)	13.5	(11.2–16.3)	23.1	(17.0–30.5)	2.0	(1.5–2.7)
Idaho	5.0	(3.3–7.5)	7.0	(4.9–9.8)	6.0	(4.7–7.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	5.6	(4.1–7.7)	7.1	(6.1–8.3)	6.4	(5.3–7.6)	4.8	(3.8–5.9)	17.2	(11.7–24.6)	9.2	(4.7–17.3)	7.8	(6.2–9.8)	25.5	(18.5–34.0)	1.4	(0.8–2.5)
Iowa	4.5	(3.1–6.5)	5.3	(3.3–8.3)	5.1	(3.8–6.8)	3.5	(2.4–5.2)	18.2	(10.7–29.2)	8.3	(2.4–24.6)	5.5	(3.7–8.2)	23.5	(16.9–31.8)	0.9	(0.6–1.3)
Kansas	3.0	(1.9–4.7)	5.8	(3.8–8.8)	4.4	(3.1–6.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	5.8	(4.4–7.7)	8.8	(6.9–11.2)	7.4	(6.0–9.1)	6.4	(4.8–8.5)	15.6	(10.2–23.1)	4.6	(1.2–15.8)	11.0	(7.9–15.2)	17.3	(12.1–24.0)	1.9	(1.1–3.4)
Louisiana	7.5	(5.5–10.3)	10.3	(7.3–14.3)	9.4	(7.7–11.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	5.6	(4.6–6.7)	7.3	(6.2–8.5)	6.5	(5.6–7.5)	5.6	(4.8–6.5)	11.0	(8.7–13.8)	13.7	(9.7–18.9)	8.7	(7.7–9.8)	19.8	(16.1–24.1)	1.3	(0.9–1.7)
Maryland	5.1	(4.7–5.5)	9.0	(8.4–9.6)	7.3	(6.9–7.7)	5.4	(5.1–5.8)	15.8	(14.4–17.4)	9.9	(8.3–11.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	2.8	(2.0–4.1)	6.0	(4.5–7.8)	4.4	(3.5–5.6)	4.1	(3.2–5.3)	7.7	(4.5–13.0)	2.3	(0.8–6.3)	6.8	(4.8–9.6)	6.5	(4.1–10.3)	1.5	(0.9–2.4)
Michigan	5.7	(4.5–7.2)	11.6	(7.5–17.4)	8.6	(6.3–11.8)	8.1	(5.8–11.2)	13.1	(8.2–20.2)	12.2	(6.5–21.6)	13.5	(9.4–19.1)	24.1	(15.5–35.4)	1.6	(0.7–3.9)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	6.6	(4.8–9.0)	7.2	(5.6–9.2)	7.0	(5.5–8.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	4.5	(2.6–7.6)	5.8	(3.8–8.7)	5.3	(3.6–7.7)	4.3	(2.7–6.7)	14.2	(6.7–27.8)	4.8	(1.3–16.2)	6.9	(4.4–10.7)	21.8	(10.8–39.2)	2.0	(0.8–4.9)
Nevada	5.8	(4.3–7.8)	9.4	(7.0–12.5)	7.9	(6.1–10.1)	7.2	(5.4–9.6)	11.1	(7.3–16.6)	8.0	(3.2–18.6)	12.3	(8.7–17.2)	13.5	(8.5–20.8)	2.9	(1.8–4.7)
New Hampshire	3.6	(3.0–4.2)	6.8	(6.0–7.6)	5.3	(4.8–5.9)	4.6	(4.1–5.1)	8.9	(7.0–11.1)	10.4	(7.7–13.8)	7.1	(6.4–7.9)	20.0	(16.4–24.0)	1.2	(0.9–1.7)
New Mexico	13.8	(11.7–16.2)	17.4	(14.5–20.6)	15.7	(13.4–18.3)	13.5	(11.5–15.8)	29.1	(24.0–34.8)	23.0	(16.9–30.5)	21.5	(18.2–25.2)	37.0	(29.2–45.7)	6.8	(4.9–9.5)
New York	4.2	(3.3–5.4)	6.4	(4.8–8.6)	5.7	(4.6–7.0)	4.0	(3.5–4.5)	13.1	(8.8–19.1)	10.7	(7.9–14.4)	8.3	(6.7–10.3)	16.9	(13.2–21.3)	0.8	(0.5–1.2)
North Carolina	5.0	(3.6–7.0)	7.8	(6.0–10.1)	6.5	(5.1–8.4)	5.3	(4.1–6.9)	14.2	(9.6–20.6)	11.1	(5.4–21.5)	9.5	(7.4–12.0)	16.0	(9.7–25.1)	1.2	(0.6–2.3)
North Dakota	4.6	(3.0–6.9)	6.6	(5.0–8.8)	5.6	(4.4–7.3)	4.5	(3.4–6.0)	15.0	(10.0–21.9)	6.7	(2.6–16.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	5.2	(3.4–7.9)	8.4	(6.2–11.2)	6.8	(5.3–8.6)	6.1	(4.7–8.0)	12.5	(7.3–20.5)	8.9	(2.8–24.5)	9.8	(7.1–13.5)	16.1	(9.6–25.9)	1.8	(1.0–3.1)
Pennsylvania	4.2	(3.1–5.7)	7.4	(5.7–9.7)	5.8	(4.6–7.4)	5.3	(4.1–6.8)	7.9	(4.8–12.6)	8.5	(4.5–15.6)	8.9	(6.7–11.8)	15.3	(10.5–21.8)	1.3	(0.8–2.1)
Rhode Island	5.9	(3.9–8.7)	7.6	(6.2–9.3)	7.1	(5.3–9.3)	6.0	(4.4–8.1)	10.4	(7.1–14.8)	16.1	(6.2–35.7)	9.2	(6.6–12.8)	24.5	(17.3–33.4)	1.3	(0.7–2.7)
South Carolina	5.0	(3.1–8.0)	8.7	(6.5–11.6)	7.3	(5.9–9.0)	5.3	(3.8–7.5)	15.8	(11.9–20.6)	16.3	(7.5–31.9)	8.1	(5.5–11.7)	17.5	(11.4–25.7)	2.2	(1.3–3.8)
Tennessee	4.5	(3.1–6.4)	9.2	(7.1–11.9)	7.1	(5.7–8.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	5.9	(4.3–7.9)	9.4	(7.3–12.1)	7.9	(6.3–10.0)	7.1	(5.4–9.2)	12.9	(8.7–18.6)	6.0	(2.4–14.3)	12.9	(10.4–16.0)	15.8	(8.4–27.6)	1.3	(0.6–2.8)
Utah	4.2	(2.9–6.0)	3.6	(2.5–5.3)	4.1	(3.0–5.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	4.7	(4.3–5.1)	7.0	(6.5–7.5)	6.0	(5.7–6.3)	5.3	(4.9–5.6)	10.6	(9.4–12.1)	9.0	(7.3–11.1)	8.0	(7.4–8.5)	17.9	(15.9–20.1)	1.2	(0.9–1.4)
Virginia	2.9	(2.2–4.0)	7.7	(6.0–9.8)	5.5	(4.3–6.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	7.0	(5.1–9.4)	9.7	(7.1–13.0)	8.8	(6.7–11.3)	7.6	(5.7–10.0)	18.2	(9.5–32.2)	9.6	(5.2–16.8)	12.4	(9.2–16.4)	19.4	(9.9–34.4)	1.3	(0.6–3.1)
Wisconsin	3.6	(2.2–5.9)	7.0	(5.3–9.3)	5.4	(4.1–7.1)	4.5	(3.4–6.0)	10.9	(7.6–15.4)	7.9	(2.9–19.6)	6.9	(5.1–9.2)	16.9	(12.0–23.2)	1.9	(1.2–3.0)
Median	5.1		7.6		6.7		5.7		13.0		9.1		9.4		17.4		1.5
Range	2.6–13.8		3.6–17.4		4.1–15.7		3.5–13.5		7.5–29.1		1.7–23.0		5.5–21.5		6.5–37.0		0.8–6.8
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	12.0	(8.8–16.1)	19.4	(14.2–25.8)	15.9	(12.4–20.2)	12.3	(8.4–17.5)	19.3	(11.8–29.9)	17.0	(8.3–31.4)	18.6	(12.3–27.1)	26.5	(16.2–40.2)	2.8	(1.1–7.4)
Boston, MA	4.4	(3.1–6.2)	10.5	(8.2–13.4)	7.4	(6.0–9.2)	7.4	(5.9–9.2)	7.3	(4.2–12.5)	7.1	(2.7–17.4)	11.3	(8.7–14.4)	16.9	(10.6–26.0)	1.8	(0.9–3.7)
Broward County, FL	3.7	(2.0–6.8)	9.6	(5.5–16.1)	6.9	(4.2–11.3)	5.8	(3.4–9.6)	13.7	(5.3–31.2)	4.7	(1.8–11.9)	6.9	(3.7–12.4)	15.3	(5.6–35.4)	1.8	(0.9–3.5)
Chicago, IL	6.5	(4.4–9.5)	9.3	(6.6–13.0)	8.1	(6.3–10.5)	6.6	(5.1–8.4)	15.2	(9.6–23.3)	9.0	(3.4–21.5)	11.2	(8.1–15.3)	19.0	(12.4–28.0)	1.6	(0.9–2.9)
Cleveland, OH	12.0	(9.5–15.1)	15.5	(12.7–18.8)	14.1	(12.0–16.4)	12.7	(10.6–15.2)	20.8	(14.6–28.8)	13.1	(5.8–26.9)	14.3	(11.3–18.0)	32.4	(25.7–40.0)	4.2	(2.5–6.9)
DeKalb County, GA	6.6	(4.8–8.9)	14.4	(12.1–17.1)	10.5	(8.8–12.5)	8.7	(6.8–11.1)	21.0	(15.1–28.4)	12.4	(6.5–22.4)	13.4	(10.4–17.1)	22.4	(15.1–31.9)	3.0	(1.8–5.0)
Detroit, MI	5.4	(4.0–7.2)	9.9	(7.2–13.6)	7.6	(6.1–9.4)	6.4	(4.7–8.5)	12.4	(8.3–18.0)	9.2	(3.5–22.0)	10.1	(7.5–13.5)	17.0	(11.7–24.0)	1.6	(0.9–2.8)
District of Columbia	11.8	(10.8–13.0)	18.9	(17.5–20.4)	15.9	(15.0–16.8)	14.2	(13.2–15.2)	23.2	(20.6–26.1)	17.4	(13.4–22.3)	17.9	(16.4–19.5)	28.4	(25.2–31.8)	4.2	(3.4–5.1)
Duval County, FL	9.3	(7.9–10.8)	12.2	(10.4–14.3)	11.2	(10.0–12.7)	7.5	(6.4–8.7)	23.3	(18.7–28.6)	17.1	(11.8–24.3)	12.3	(10.4–14.4)	22.7	(18.7–27.3)	2.6	(1.7–3.8)
Ft. Worth, TX	6.0	(4.8–7.4)	11.6	(9.7–13.7)	8.8	(7.7–10.1)	7.7	(6.5–9.0)	17.9	(13.8–22.9)	12.0	(6.8–20.3)	14.1	(11.7–16.8)	23.1	(17.3–30.0)	2.8	(2.0–4.0)
Houston, TX	8.5	(7.1–10.1)	11.8	(10.1–13.7)	10.5	(9.2–11.9)	8.6	(7.4–10.0)	18.7	(14.3–24.2)	16.5	(10.8–24.5)	15.3	(13.0–17.8)	24.4	(18.8–31.1)	3.3	(2.5–4.4)
Los Angeles, CA	6.2	(3.6–10.3)	7.9	(4.9–12.4)	7.2	(5.0–10.3)	6.8	(4.8–9.6)	13.4	(7.4–23.2)	3.6	(0.7–15.4)	10.7	(7.0–16.0)	22.0	(10.1–41.6)	2.3	(1.5–3.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL	4.1	(3.1–5.3)	8.3	(6.2–10.9)	6.4	(5.2–7.9)	4.8	(3.8–6.1)	14.0	(9.7–19.8)	13.8	(7.3–24.5)	8.5	(6.8–10.6)	13.5	(8.7–20.4)	1.2	(0.7–2.2)
New York City, NY	4.9	(4.1–5.7)	8.1	(6.5–9.9)	6.7	(5.6–8.1)	4.8	(3.9–5.8)	15.1	(11.7–19.4)	10.1	(8.0–12.7)	9.6	(8.1–11.4)	23.3	(18.5–28.8)	1.3	(0.9–1.9)
Oakland, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Orange County, FL	4.9	(3.5–6.8)	10.5	(7.8–13.9)	8.0	(6.3–10.1)	5.6	(4.2–7.4)	18.3	(11.9–26.9)	14.9	(7.7–27.0)	11.1	(8.2–14.7)	16.8	(10.9–25.1)	1.2	(0.6–2.5)
Palm Beach County, FL	6.1	(4.6–8.0)	10.5	(8.0–13.8)	8.5	(6.9–10.5)	6.5	(5.0–8.4)	19.7	(14.6–26.1)	15.5	(9.5–24.2)	11.1	(8.1–15.2)	25.4	(18.7–33.5)	2.1	(1.3–3.3)
Philadelphia, PA	5.2	(3.6–7.6)	6.1	(4.0–9.0)	5.7	(4.3–7.4)	4.6	(3.4–6.2)	11.0	(6.4–18.3)	6.7	(2.5–16.8)	7.5	(5.7–9.8)	16.8	(10.2–26.5)	1.3	(0.6–2.7)
San Diego, CA	5.3	(3.8–7.2)	8.4	(6.5–10.7)	6.9	(5.5–8.6)	6.4	(5.0–8.1)	11.1	(7.1–16.9)	5.2	(2.4–11.0)	9.8	(7.3–13.0)	19.9	(13.4–28.5)	1.6	(1.0–2.5)
San Francisco, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shelby County, TN	7.1	(5.8–8.5)	14.4	(11.3–18.1)	10.8	(9.1–12.8)	8.3	(6.5–10.5)	20.4	(14.7–27.6)	18.8	(10.7–30.9)	13.8	(10.4–18.1)	20.6	(14.5–28.5)	2.3	(1.3–4.2)
Median	6.1		10.5		8.1		6.8		17.9		12.4		11.2		22.0		2.1
Range	3.7–12.0		6.1–19.4		5.7–15.9		4.6–14.2		7.3–23.3		3.6–18.8		6.9–18.6		13.5–32.4		1.2–4.2

* Also called grass, pot, or weed.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 110. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	19.6	(17.4–22.0)	20.0	(18.2–21.8)	19.8	(18.1–21.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	17.2	(14.3–20.7)	18.1	(15.9–20.7)	17.7	(15.5–20.0)
Black^§	25.0	(21.2–29.3)	25.4	(22.5–28.4)	25.3	(22.9–27.9)
Hispanic	23.8	(19.1–29.2)	23.1	(19.6–27.1)	23.4	(19.9–27.4)
Grade
9	13.3	(10.7–16.4)	13.0	(10.8–15.5)	13.1	(11.1–15.4)
10	18.7	(15.9–21.8)	18.7	(16.8–20.9)	18.7	(16.9–20.7)
11	23.3	(19.5–27.7)	21.7	(19.2–24.5)	22.6	(20.2–25.2)
12	23.8	(20.7–27.1)	27.8	(23.4–32.7)	25.7	(22.9–28.7)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	18.1	(16.1–20.3)	20.0	(18.1–22.1)	19.1	(17.5–20.9)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	32.8	(28.5–37.4)	24.0	(18.0–31.1)	30.6	(27.3–34.1)
Not sure	19.3	(12.8–27.9)	16.0	(11.1–22.5)	18.9	(13.9–25.2)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	30.0	(27.1–33.0)	33.4	(30.6–36.3)	31.9	(29.7–34.1)
Same sex only or both sexes	45.4	(38.8–52.2)	37.3	(28.2–47.3)	43.3	(37.3–49.6)
No sexual contact	7.6	(6.0–9.5)	5.1	(3.8–7.0)	6.4	(5.3–7.8)

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 111. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	23.2	(18.4–28.7)	20.0	(16.8–23.7)	21.5	(18.8–24.5)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	20.2	(14.8–27.1)	18.7	(14.9–23.3)	19.5	(15.5–24.1)	17.2	(13.9–21.3)	37.7	(26.7–50.1)	14.9	(7.2–28.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	14.7	(10.3–20.5)	14.7	(11.2–19.2)	14.7	(11.8–18.2)	12.6	(9.8–16.0)	24.1	(13.4–39.4)	24.9	(13.3–41.7)	21.1	(16.7–26.3)	31.4	(17.6–49.5)	2.8	(1.6–4.7)
California	20.2	(15.3–26.4)	22.9	(19.2–27.2)	21.8	(17.9–26.2)	20.8	(17.1–25.1)	33.4	(23.0–45.7)	14.6	(6.3–30.4)	36.4	(30.5–42.7)	42.0	(29.5–55.8)	7.6	(5.5–10.3)
Colorado	21.3	(16.6–27.0)	17.6	(13.7–22.3)	19.6	(16.1–23.6)	18.6	(15.5–22.1)	35.4	(27.8–43.8)	15.6	(7.1–31.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	21.6	(18.4–25.1)	19.3	(15.4–24.0)	20.4	(18.1–23.0)	19.0	(16.3–22.0)	29.3	(23.5–35.7)	23.1	(13.1–37.3)	31.0	(26.1–36.4)	48.0	(40.8–55.3)	7.1	(5.2–9.5)
Delaware	25.6	(22.0–29.6)	26.0	(22.9–29.5)	26.1	(23.4–28.9)	24.7	(22.2–27.5)	37.0	(29.6–45.1)	20.6	(10.6–36.3)	37.4	(34.5–40.3)	46.5	(37.9–55.4)	8.3	(6.3–11.0)
Florida	18.5	(16.8–20.3)	21.8	(20.0–23.8)	20.2	(18.9–21.7)	19.0	(17.5–20.5)	30.7	(27.8–33.7)	22.8	(17.8–28.8)	33.0	(30.6–35.4)	43.4	(38.7–48.1)	5.9	(5.1–6.8)
Hawaii	16.8	(14.5–19.4)	18.7	(16.3–21.2)	18.1	(16.1–20.3)	16.1	(14.3–18.1)	27.7	(23.1–32.7)	18.6	(13.0–25.8)	29.7	(27.1–32.5)	41.5	(34.4–48.9)	6.3	(5.3–7.5)
Idaho	17.4	(14.2–21.1)	15.0	(11.9–18.8)	16.2	(13.5–19.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	23.7	(18.8–29.4)	17.9	(14.7–21.5)	20.8	(17.3–24.8)	19.1	(15.8–22.9)	36.8	(26.1–49.1)	17.0	(9.3–29.1)	31.4	(26.9–36.2)	57.1	(43.3–69.9)	6.5	(4.8–8.6)
Iowa	14.0	(9.6–19.8)	12.0	(8.7–16.4)	13.2	(9.7–17.7)	11.2	(8.3–14.9)	26.1	(15.4–40.7)	22.9	(7.2–53.4)	19.0	(14.2–24.9)	32.8	(17.5–52.8)	3.6	(2.1–6.0)
Kansas	13.2	(11.7–14.9)	13.7	(10.7–17.5)	13.5	(11.8–15.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	16.7	(13.8–20.1)	14.6	(11.4–18.5)	15.8	(13.1–18.9)	14.4	(11.8–17.5)	29.0	(19.7–40.4)	11.8	(5.7–22.6)	25.7	(20.7–31.3)	41.4	(32.5–50.9)	3.3	(2.1–5.3)
Louisiana	18.9	(13.9–25.1)	18.3	(14.3–23.3)	18.8	(15.0–23.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	18.8	(17.1–20.7)	18.6	(16.8–20.5)	18.8	(17.3–20.3)	17.3	(15.7–19.0)	30.4	(28.3–32.5)	17.6	(13.5–22.5)	28.1	(25.8–30.6)	41.9	(38.4–45.5)	4.9	(4.0–5.9)
Maryland	19.0	(18.1–19.9)	17.6	(16.9–18.5)	18.4	(17.8–19.1)	16.7	(16.1–17.3)	29.7	(27.8–31.7)	15.6	(13.6–17.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	23.2	(19.8–26.9)	24.9	(21.6–28.6)	24.1	(21.4–27.0)	23.4	(20.6–26.3)	34.8	(28.2–42.0)	17.7	(10.7–27.8)	39.0	(35.0–43.1)	49.2	(41.8–56.5)	7.5	(5.9–9.5)
Michigan	25.3	(19.7–31.8)	22.0	(17.2–27.7)	23.7	(19.0–29.2)	21.5	(16.5–27.6)	44.5	(35.0–54.4)	24.3	(15.7–35.7)	35.6	(29.6–42.0)	61.0	(53.0–68.4)	6.6	(4.1–10.6)
Missouri	19.5	(14.8–25.2)	19.8	(15.9–24.3)	19.9	(16.8–23.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	20.5	(18.2–23.0)	18.9	(16.8–21.2)	19.8	(18.0–21.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	13.0	(10.0–16.6)	13.6	(10.4–17.7)	13.4	(10.9–16.4)	12.6	(10.1–15.6)	25.4	(16.0–37.8)	9.5	(4.2–20.2)	22.9	(18.4–28.2)	50.6	(36.3–64.8)	3.9	(2.2–7.1)
Nevada	20.0	(17.2–23.1)	15.4	(11.7–20.1)	17.9	(15.1–21.1)	16.1	(13.3–19.5)	26.9	(19.8–35.4)	19.1	(10.6–31.9)	28.1	(23.1–33.7)	37.8	(28.8–47.7)	6.7	(4.4–10.0)
New Hampshire	21.9	(20.4–23.4)	24.0	(22.3–25.9)	23.1	(21.8–24.4)	22.4	(21.0–23.8)	29.4	(26.3–32.6)	22.5	(18.2–27.6)	35.3	(33.7–37.0)	49.9	(45.5–54.3)	7.0	(6.0–8.2)
New Mexico	27.1	(23.6–31.0)	27.4	(23.8–31.2)	27.3	(24.1–30.8)	24.4	(21.5–27.7)	46.7	(39.3–54.3)	31.9	(25.1–39.5)	39.4	(35.3–43.8)	56.9	(49.9–63.6)	12.2	(10.5–14.2)
New York	20.2	(17.7–22.9)	16.2	(14.0–18.6)	18.4	(16.6–20.3)	17.0	(15.0–19.2)	26.7	(21.4–32.8)	20.4	(17.2–24.2)	32.5	(29.6–35.6)	44.9	(38.2–51.7)	6.5	(5.6–7.6)
North Carolina	19.5	(15.7–23.9)	19.0	(15.9–22.6)	19.3	(16.3–22.7)	17.9	(14.9–21.4)	32.2	(26.9–38.1)	12.9	(6.7–23.4)	29.2	(25.8–32.8)	39.8	(30.6–49.8)	5.8	(3.9–8.6)
North Dakota	16.0	(13.5–18.9)	15.0	(12.4–18.2)	15.5	(13.4–17.9)	14.2	(12.0–16.6)	28.8	(22.3–36.3)	14.0	(7.9–23.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	16.4	(12.8–20.9)	15.4	(11.6–20.2)	15.9	(12.6–19.8)	14.1	(10.7–18.4)	30.8	(21.4–42.2)	15.1	(6.1–32.8)	23.6	(17.8–30.6)	33.7	(24.1–44.8)	4.4	(3.1–6.2)
Pennsylvania	17.1	(14.4–20.1)	18.3	(15.5–21.5)	17.7	(15.4–20.2)	17.6	(15.5–20.0)	22.8	(16.4–30.6)	7.5	(3.9–13.8)	29.8	(26.0–33.8)	30.6	(23.1–39.3)	5.1	(3.7–7.0)
Rhode Island	23.4	(18.5–29.1)	22.6	(19.6–26.0)	23.3	(20.7–26.1)	22.4	(20.2–24.8)	30.6	(20.2–43.4)	22.0	(11.3–38.4)	38.3	(34.7–42.0)	47.8	(34.9–61.1)	6.3	(4.2–9.4)
South Carolina	19.0	(14.7–24.2)	18.2	(13.9–23.4)	18.6	(15.9–21.7)	15.3	(12.8–18.1)	38.9	(30.1–48.6)	19.3	(11.1–31.3)	25.0	(21.3–29.0)	54.2	(41.3–66.5)	4.6	(3.4–6.2)
Tennessee	18.9	(16.3–21.7)	17.3	(15.0–20.0)	18.1	(16.2–20.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	16.0	(12.8–19.6)	17.6	(15.0–20.6)	17.0	(14.5–19.8)	15.0	(12.8–17.5)	30.2	(22.6–38.9)	17.5	(11.8–25.3)	26.8	(23.6–30.4)	35.9	(25.7–47.6)	4.4	(3.3–5.7)
Utah	7.6	(5.6–10.1)	8.1	(5.6–11.6)	8.1	(6.4–10.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	22.6	(21.8–23.4)	24.1	(23.2–24.9)	23.5	(22.9–24.1)	22.6	(22.0–23.2)	32.5	(30.5–34.6)	22.2	(19.6–25.1)	34.3	(33.4–35.2)	49.6	(46.8–52.4)	6.4	(5.9–6.9)
Virginia	16.2	(14.1–18.6)	16.6	(14.3–19.2)	16.5	(14.7–18.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	17.6	(14.6–21.0)	18.8	(14.2–24.5)	18.5	(15.4–22.1)	17.3	(14.1–21.0)	29.6	(21.6–39.1)	19.0	(8.5–37.2)	26.8	(22.4–31.7)	39.2	(25.3–55.1)	5.4	(3.6–8.2)
Wisconsin	14.9	(11.9–18.4)	17.0	(13.1–21.9)	16.0	(12.9–19.6)	15.5	(12.3–19.5)	19.1	(14.4–25.0)	13.6	(8.4–21.3)	25.0	(19.6–31.4)	35.3	(26.5–45.2)	4.9	(3.7–6.5)
Median	19.0		18.3		18.6		17.3		30.3		18.1		29.7		42.7		6.1
Range	7.6–27.1		8.1–27.4		8.1–27.3		11.2–24.7		19.1–46.7		7.5–31.9		19.0–39.4		30.6–61.0		2.8–12.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	28.5	(22.5–35.4)	24.4	(17.6–32.8)	26.8	(22.4–31.7)	24.1	(19.2–29.7)	37.0	(25.5–50.1)	26.5	(14.0–44.5)	36.7	(30.8–43.1)	50.3	(39.7–60.8)	8.8	(5.3–14.1)
Boston, MA	24.3	(20.1–29.1)	24.4	(20.3–29.1)	24.4	(21.2–27.8)	22.5	(19.3–26.1)	41.1	(32.9–49.8)	23.5	(14.5–35.7)	36.0	(31.1–41.3)	44.6	(36.1–53.4)	9.8	(7.2–13.3)
Broward County, FL	19.8	(14.3–26.7)	21.9	(15.7–29.8)	20.9	(16.0–26.9)	19.5	(14.5–25.8)	30.8	(20.4–43.6)	16.1	(7.5–31.2)	29.1	(21.7–37.8)	38.2	(24.9–53.6)	9.5	(5.3–16.2)
Chicago, IL	26.2	(22.1–30.8)	22.4	(18.1–27.3)	24.7	(21.6–28.0)	22.4	(19.3–25.9)	36.8	(30.1–44.0)	25.0	(15.0–38.5)	37.3	(33.0–41.9)	53.3	(44.0–62.4)	8.9	(6.4–12.2)
Cleveland, OH	28.5	(24.1–33.3)	22.5	(19.2–26.1)	25.4	(22.4–28.6)	23.4	(20.4–26.6)	38.2	(29.9–47.3)	23.6	(13.5–38.0)	31.1	(26.4–36.1)	49.9	(41.5–58.3)	8.4	(6.1–11.3)
DeKalb County, GA	21.8	(17.9–26.4)	25.3	(21.8–29.1)	23.6	(20.7–26.8)	21.0	(18.1–24.2)	43.0	(36.0–50.2)	21.0	(13.4–31.3)	33.4	(29.3–37.9)	48.7	(39.0–58.5)	8.4	(6.0–11.7)
Detroit, MI	22.9	(18.7–27.8)	20.3	(15.5–26.1)	21.8	(18.4–25.6)	19.9	(16.5–23.8)	33.2	(23.7–44.4)	22.4	(11.1–39.9)	32.4	(27.0–38.3)	40.1	(30.2–50.8)	8.3	(6.1–11.4)
District of Columbia	33.1	(31.6–34.7)	32.0	(30.3–33.7)	33.0	(31.8–34.1)	30.5	(29.3–31.8)	46.7	(43.5–49.9)	31.6	(26.7–37.0)	43.1	(41.2–45.1)	53.9	(50.2–57.6)	12.3	(11.1–13.6)
Duval County, FL	23.3	(20.9–25.8)	22.0	(19.5–24.7)	23.1	(21.2–25.1)	18.8	(16.9–20.7)	37.6	(32.7–42.8)	28.3	(21.2–36.7)	31.2	(28.3–34.3)	42.5	(37.8–47.3)	5.5	(4.3–7.1)
Ft. Worth, TX	17.5	(15.6–19.7)	19.9	(17.8–22.2)	18.8	(17.2–20.4)	17.3	(15.7–19.1)	32.5	(26.9–38.6)	15.2	(9.5–23.4)	31.3	(28.7–34.1)	43.3	(36.9–50.0)	6.9	(5.5–8.7)
Houston, TX	17.0	(15.0–19.2)	17.8	(15.5–20.3)	17.4	(15.9–19.1)	15.1	(13.4–16.9)	29.0	(23.8–34.9)	25.7	(18.4–34.8)	28.6	(25.6–31.8)	41.0	(34.1–48.3)	5.9	(4.7–7.3)
Los Angeles, CA	19.2	(14.9–24.4)	19.0	(15.2–23.4)	19.1	(16.4–22.1)	18.4	(15.7–21.5)	29.2	(18.1–43.3)	16.8	(6.7–36.1)	28.8	(25.9–31.9)	44.2	(26.5–63.4)	9.0	(5.6–14.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL	18.6	(16.2–21.4)	19.4	(16.4–22.8)	19.2	(17.2–21.5)	17.7	(15.4–20.2)	28.8	(23.3–35.0)	21.5	(13.5–32.6)	28.4	(25.3–31.8)	36.9	(30.9–43.3)	6.4	(4.8–8.4)
New York City, NY	16.4	(14.7–18.2)	15.3	(13.5–17.3)	16.2	(14.7–17.8)	14.0	(12.6–15.6)	30.2	(25.7–35.1)	16.7	(13.7–20.1)	28.3	(25.1–31.8)	43.3	(36.9–49.9)	6.0	(4.8–7.4)
Oakland, CA	26.8	(23.1–30.7)	23.9	(20.3–27.8)	25.3	(22.7–28.1)	23.8	(21.0–26.7)	42.5	(33.9–51.5)	18.6	(10.3–31.2)	40.4	(35.3–45.8)	49.6	(39.2–60.0)	12.1	(9.4–15.5)
Orange County, FL	15.7	(13.0–18.8)	19.6	(15.6–24.2)	17.8	(15.1–20.9)	16.5	(13.8–19.7)	22.0	(16.0–29.4)	17.9	(9.3–31.6)	28.6	(23.8–33.9)	30.9	(21.7–41.7)	6.0	(4.5–8.1)
Palm Beach County, FL	19.9	(16.9–23.2)	20.2	(17.2–23.6)	20.1	(17.9–22.6)	17.8	(15.4–20.5)	33.7	(27.9–39.9)	27.3	(19.0–37.5)	31.2	(27.5–35.0)	46.1	(38.1–54.3)	7.0	(5.3–9.3)
Philadelphia, PA	21.6	(17.2–26.7)	14.0	(10.2–18.8)	17.9	(15.1–21.0)	16.1	(13.5–19.1)	29.1	(21.2–38.5)	18.7	(9.3–34.0)	26.3	(21.7–31.5)	36.7	(26.2–48.7)	6.6	(4.9–8.9)
San Diego, CA	22.3	(19.2–25.7)	18.2	(15.6–21.2)	20.2	(18.0–22.6)	19.3	(17.0–21.8)	34.8	(26.8–43.7)	12.7	(7.8–20.0)	33.3	(29.9–37.0)	44.7	(35.7–53.9)	5.9	(4.6–7.6)
San Francisco, CA	16.1	(13.3–19.2)	15.0	(12.4–18.1)	15.5	(13.4–17.9)	15.2	(13.0–17.6)	25.0	(18.2–33.3)	8.9	(5.2–14.8)	32.1	(28.1–36.4)	40.9	(33.0–49.4)	5.9	(4.6–7.5)
Shelby County, TN	23.8	(20.1–27.9)	25.5	(21.0–30.5)	24.7	(21.5–28.3)	22.0	(18.7–25.7)	39.1	(31.6–47.2)	28.2	(17.0–43.0)	35.0	(29.7–40.7)	42.9	(34.9–51.2)	9.1	(6.6–12.3)
Median	21.8		20.3		20.9		19.3		33.7		21.5		31.3		43.3		8.3
Range	15.7–33.1		14.0–32.0		15.5–33.0		14.0–30.5		22.0–46.7		8.9–31.6		26.3–43.1		30.9–53.9		5.5–12.3

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 112. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	6.3	(5.3–7.6)	7.3	(6.3–8.4)	6.9	(5.9–7.9)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	5.8	(4.6–7.3)	5.9	(4.9–7.2)	5.9	(5.0–7.0)
Black^§	4.2	(2.9–6.1)	8.4	(6.3–11.0)	6.3	(4.8–8.3)
Hispanic	8.9	(6.5–12.1)	9.3	(7.3–11.9)	9.1	(7.0–11.8)
Grade
9	5.6	(4.0–7.8)	5.4	(3.7–7.9)	5.5	(4.1–7.4)
10	6.0	(4.8–7.5)	8.4	(6.1–11.4)	7.2	(5.7–9.1)
11	6.9	(5.4–8.9)	6.6	(5.3–8.3)	6.8	(5.8–8.0)
12	6.7	(5.1–8.9)	8.6	(6.9–10.6)	7.6	(6.3–9.3)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	5.4	(4.3–6.6)	6.6	(5.6–7.8)	6.0	(5.1–7.1)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	11.8	(9.8–14.2)	14.4	(9.7–20.8)	12.7	(10.5–15.2)
Not sure	7.2	(4.2–12.0)	15.4	(10.9–21.2)	11.1	(7.9–15.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	8.5	(7.2–10.0)	11.5	(9.7–13.6)	10.2	(8.8–11.7)
Same sex only or both sexes	19.6	(16.5–23.1)	17.5	(11.5–25.8)	19.1	(16.0–22.6)
No sexual contact	1.9	(1.3–2.8)	1.5	(1.0–2.4)	1.7	(1.3–2.3)

* Also called “K2,” “Spice,” “fake weed,” “King Kong,” “Yucatan Fire,” “Skunk,” or “Moon Rocks,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 113. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	6.3	(4.4–8.9)	6.2	(4.6–8.3)	6.3	(5.0–7.8)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	15.3	(7.3–29.3)	18.4	(10.1–31.2)	17.3	(9.4–29.5)	13.0	(7.0–23.1)	37.7	(21.0–57.9)	17.4	(9.0–31.0)	18.0	(10.6–29.1)	40.0	(22.9–59.9)	0.7	(0.2–2.6)
California	3.9	(2.7–5.8)	6.5	(5.0–8.4)	5.6	(4.5–6.9)	5.1	(4.1–6.3)	8.0	(4.0–15.6)	7.6	(1.8–26.6)	7.2	(5.0–10.4)	19.2	(12.8–27.8)	1.4	(0.7–2.8)
Colorado	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	4.8	(3.5–6.6)	6.9	(5.0–9.4)	5.9	(4.5–7.6)	4.4	(3.2–6.0)	13.0	(8.1–20.2)	12.7	(6.2–24.3)	7.7	(5.7–10.2)	18.9	(11.7–29.0)	0.7	(0.3–1.8)
Delaware	5.3	(4.0–7.1)	5.3	(4.0–7.0)	5.4	(4.3–6.6)	4.6	(3.5–5.9)	11.4	(7.4–17.3)	13.3	(6.3–26.1)	7.4	(5.8–9.4)	18.5	(12.1–27.1)	0.4	(0.2–0.9)
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	3.7	(2.9–4.7)	8.0	(6.0–10.7)	6.3	(5.1–7.7)	4.2	(3.4–5.2)	16.2	(12.0–21.5)	11.6	(8.0–16.6)	7.3	(5.7–9.3)	18.7	(12.4–27.2)	1.4	(0.8–2.4)
Idaho	7.2	(5.4–9.6)	6.3	(4.7–8.3)	6.8	(5.3–8.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Iowa	4.5	(2.7–7.2)	5.2	(2.9–9.0)	5.1	(3.6–7.1)	3.5	(2.4–5.0)	17.2	(8.7–31.3)	12.6	(4.8–29.3)	5.8	(4.6–7.3)	22.2	(9.3–44.2)	0.3	(0.1–1.4)
Kansas	3.4	(2.3–4.9)	6.1	(4.2–8.7)	4.8	(3.5–6.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	7.5	(5.5–10.2)	7.6	(5.4–10.7)	7.9	(6.2–10.1)	6.4	(4.7–8.6)	17.1	(12.1–23.6)	13.1	(5.4–28.5)	10.5	(7.7–14.2)	24.2	(16.9–33.4)	1.0	(0.5–1.9)
Louisiana	7.6	(5.0–11.4)	15.9	(12.5–20.2)	12.1	(9.5–15.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	5.5	(5.1–5.9)	7.6	(7.1–8.2)	6.9	(6.5–7.3)	4.7	(4.4–5.1)	16.1	(14.6–17.7)	11.4	(9.7–13.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	4.2	(3.3–5.3)	5.7	(4.5–7.2)	5.0	(4.4–5.6)	4.3	(3.6–5.0)	9.2	(6.2–13.5)	7.6	(3.4–16.1)	7.8	(6.8–8.9)	13.1	(9.1–18.5)	0.5	(0.2–1.2)
Michigan	8.2	(4.9–13.3)	7.9	(4.9–12.5)	8.1	(5.3–12.2)	5.9	(3.7–9.2)	22.8	(15.9–31.5)	17.4	(8.4–32.4)	10.3	(6.7–15.4)	32.7	(20.8–47.2)	1.5	(0.7–3.2)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	7.3	(6.1–8.7)	7.2	(5.9–8.7)	7.3	(6.3–8.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	3.5	(2.2–5.5)	6.2	(4.3–9.0)	5.2	(3.8–7.1)	3.6	(2.5–5.1)	19.9	(11.1–33.1)	8.2	(3.3–19.0)	8.4	(5.8–11.9)	17.5	(10.4–28.0)	0.5	(0.2–1.2)
Nevada	6.7	(4.8–9.3)	7.4	(5.6–9.8)	7.3	(6.1–8.8)	6.0	(4.7–7.5)	12.8	(7.9–20.0)	13.2	(5.8–27.4)	9.8	(8.1–11.8)	23.0	(16.4–31.4)	1.9	(1.2–3.0)
New Hampshire	4.9	(4.3–5.7)	6.0	(5.3–6.8)	5.6	(5.1–6.2)	4.7	(4.2–5.3)	10.5	(8.2–13.2)	11.7	(8.5–16.0)	7.7	(6.9–8.6)	22.1	(18.2–26.6)	0.9	(0.6–1.4)
New Mexico	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New York	5.1	(4.3–5.9)	6.4	(5.0–8.2)	6.2	(5.3–7.3)	4.2	(3.5–4.9)	15.6	(11.7–20.5)	12.2	(9.1–16.1)	7.0	(5.7–8.5)	19.9	(15.2–25.4)	1.2	(0.7–1.9)
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	7.0	(5.2–9.4)	6.5	(4.7–9.0)	7.0	(5.4–8.9)	6.1	(4.6–8.0)	14.3	(9.5–20.9)	8.3	(3.6–18.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	7.9	(5.9–10.4)	8.0	(5.8–11.0)	7.9	(6.4–9.7)	7.6	(5.9–9.8)	12.8	(7.7–20.6)	2.6	(0.7–9.4)	11.7	(9.0–15.2)	19.4	(14.0–26.3)	1.9	(0.9–4.0)
Pennsylvania	6.0	(4.6–7.8)	6.8	(5.1–8.9)	6.5	(5.2–8.0)	5.6	(4.3–7.2)	12.5	(8.6–17.9)	6.6	(3.2–13.1)	9.3	(7.0–12.1)	19.9	(14.9–26.0)	1.1	(0.6–2.0)
Rhode Island	4.6	(2.6–7.9)	6.7	(5.4–8.3)	6.0	(4.5–8.0)	5.1	(3.6–7.0)	7.4	(3.5–15.0)	16.8	(8.5–30.3)	8.6	(6.8–10.9)	17.7	(12.3–24.9)	0.8	(0.5–1.5)
South Carolina	7.3	(5.3–9.9)	10.6	(8.0–13.9)	9.4	(7.4–11.9)	6.9	(5.1–9.3)	19.2	(15.5–23.5)	19.8	(9.9–35.5)	11.0	(8.1–14.7)	23.8	(17.4–31.6)	1.8	(0.8–4.1)
Tennessee	4.8	(3.5–6.6)	8.6	(6.7–10.9)	7.1	(5.9–8.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	6.3	(4.8–8.2)	8.8	(7.2–10.8)	7.8	(6.5–9.4)	6.9	(5.7–8.5)	12.2	(7.3–19.8)	9.4	(3.6–22.6)	12.1	(10.1–14.3)	14.0	(6.8–26.9)	1.6	(0.9–2.8)
Utah	4.7	(3.3–6.7)	5.7	(4.1–7.9)	5.3	(3.9–7.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	5.7	(4.0–8.0)	10.0	(7.1–13.9)	8.3	(6.1–11.1)	7.2	(5.4–9.7)	14.8	(7.6–26.9)	13.8	(5.2–31.6)	11.4	(8.2–15.7)	19.0	(10.6–31.6)	0.8	(0.3–2.3)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	5.6		6.8		6.6		5.1		14.3		12.2		8.6		19.4		1.0
Range	3.4–15.3		5.2–18.4		4.8–17.3		3.5–13.0		7.4–37.7		2.6–19.8		5.8–18.0		13.1–40.0		0.3–1.9
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	6.1	(3.9–9.3)	14.0	(9.7–19.7)	10.4	(7.6–14.2)	6.8	(4.6–9.8)	20.6	(13.6–30.0)	10.7	(3.4–28.7)	9.2	(5.8–14.3)	23.5	(13.1–38.3)	0.6	(0.1–2.7)
Boston, MA	4.3	(2.7–6.8)	5.6	(4.0–7.7)	4.9	(3.7–6.6)	4.0	(2.8–5.6)	10.5	(5.7–18.6)	6.4	(2.5–15.4)	5.8	(4.0–8.3)	10.5	(5.7–18.7)	1.4	(0.7–2.6)
Broward County, FL	3.6	(1.9–6.9)	6.6	(3.9–11.0)	5.5	(3.7–8.1)	3.8	(2.2–6.5)	11.4	(5.7–21.5)	13.6	(5.0–31.8)	3.8	(2.0–7.1)	15.3	(7.6–28.2)	1.9	(1.1–3.3)
Chicago, IL	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	3.0	(2.0–4.5)	8.2	(6.3–10.6)	5.6	(4.5–7.1)	4.2	(3.0–5.8)	10.2	(6.3–16.0)	8.6	(3.6–19.0)	7.4	(5.4–10.1)	11.6	(7.2–18.3)	0.8	(0.3–1.8)
Detroit, MI	4.3	(3.0–6.0)	8.3	(5.6–12.1)	6.3	(4.7–8.4)	4.3	(2.7–6.7)	13.7	(8.2–22.1)	11.1	(4.5–25.0)	7.4	(5.0–11.0)	16.3	(11.0–23.4)	0.9	(0.4–2.1)
District of Columbia	5.0	(4.3–5.8)	7.7	(6.8–8.7)	7.0	(6.4–7.7)	5.4	(4.8–6.1)	12.2	(10.1–14.6)	12.1	(8.8–16.4)	5.7	(4.8–6.7)	15.0	(12.6–17.8)	0.9	(0.6–1.4)
Duval County, FL	5.8	(4.6–7.3)	8.5	(6.8–10.7)	7.7	(6.5–9.2)	3.6	(2.8–4.5)	17.9	(13.7–23.0)	23.4	(16.7–31.8)	6.8	(5.5–8.5)	17.3	(13.5–21.8)	0.7	(0.3–1.5)
Ft. Worth, TX	8.6	(7.1–10.4)	8.5	(7.1–10.2)	8.8	(7.7–10.1)	6.8	(5.7–8.0)	24.1	(19.0–30.0)	13.2	(7.8–21.4)	12.2	(10.1–14.7)	25.4	(19.4–32.5)	2.8	(2.0–4.0)
Houston, TX	7.0	(5.3–9.1)	9.8	(8.0–12.0)	8.6	(7.1–10.4)	6.5	(5.0–8.6)	15.7	(12.3–19.8)	16.9	(10.5–26.0)	11.4	(9.3–13.9)	24.7	(18.2–32.7)	1.8	(1.1–2.9)
Los Angeles, CA	4.9	(3.3–7.2)	7.9	(6.0–10.3)	6.5	(5.0–8.5)	6.4	(4.7–8.7)	9.5	(3.7–22.4)	5.4	(1.4–18.9)	10.6	(7.8–14.4)	17.7	(9.5–30.6)	1.7	(0.8–3.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL	5.1	(3.9–6.7)	9.2	(6.9–12.3)	7.6	(6.0–9.6)	4.8	(3.9–5.9)	20.1	(13.0–29.6)	25.0	(17.0–35.1)	8.0	(6.3–10.1)	24.2	(16.3–34.4)	0.9	(0.4–2.0)
New York City, NY	4.0	(3.1–5.1)	6.4	(5.3–7.7)	5.4	(4.5–6.5)	3.8	(3.3–4.4)	11.6	(8.1–16.5)	9.5	(7.4–12.1)	7.3	(5.7–9.3)	19.0	(15.1–23.7)	1.1	(0.7–1.7)
Oakland, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Orange County, FL	4.2	(2.9–6.0)	8.2	(5.8–11.4)	6.8	(5.2–8.9)	4.2	(2.9–6.2)	18.3	(11.9–27.0)	15.8	(7.4–30.5)	8.1	(5.5–11.7)	18.6	(12.3–27.0)	1.7	(0.8–3.4)
Palm Beach County, FL	6.6	(5.2–8.3)	6.6	(4.9–8.8)	6.9	(5.7–8.3)	4.1	(3.2–5.3)	21.4	(16.0–27.9)	16.3	(9.5–26.5)	8.3	(6.3–10.8)	25.6	(18.9–33.8)	0.5	(0.2–1.2)
Philadelphia, PA	4.2	(3.0–5.9)	8.4	(4.7–14.8)	6.3	(3.9–10.1)	4.6	(2.9–7.2)	14.0	(8.3–22.5)	14.9	(2.9–50.6)	4.6	(3.2–6.6)	21.5	(11.3–37.2)	1.9	(0.9–4.2)
San Diego, CA	6.2	(4.9–7.8)	6.0	(4.3–8.2)	6.2	(5.0–7.5)	5.5	(4.4–6.8)	11.5	(7.6–17.0)	4.7	(2.0–10.8)	10.3	(8.0–13.0)	16.5	(10.7–24.6)	0.5	(0.2–1.1)
San Francisco, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shelby County, TN	7.5	(5.5–10.1)	12.3	(9.9–15.1)	10.4	(8.6–12.6)	7.1	(5.6–8.9)	21.6	(15.9–28.8)	20.1	(11.6–32.4)	10.6	(8.2–13.5)	24.4	(18.2–32.0)	0.6	(0.2–1.7)
Median	5.0		8.2		6.8		4.6		14.0		13.2		8.0		18.6		0.9
Range	3.0–8.6		5.6–14.0		4.9–10.4		3.6–7.1		9.5–24.1		4.7–25.0		3.8–12.2		10.5–25.6		0.5–2.8

* Also called “K2,” “Spice,” “fake weed,” “King Kong,” “Yucatan Fire,” “Skunk,” or “Moon Rocks,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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**TABLE 114. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	3.5	(2.9–4.2)	6.1	(5.3–6.9)	4.8	(4.2–5.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	3.4	(2.6–4.5)	5.5	(4.5–6.7)	4.4	(3.6–5.5)
Black^§	1.2	(0.7–2.3)	4.2	(2.7–6.4)	2.8	(1.9–4.0)
Hispanic	4.6	(3.6–5.8)	8.1	(6.2–10.4)	6.3	(5.1–7.9)
Grade
9	2.3	(1.6–3.3)	3.6	(2.7–4.7)	2.9	(2.2–3.8)
10	2.3	(1.5–3.5)	5.5	(3.8–8.0)	3.9	(2.9–5.3)
11	4.1	(2.9–5.6)	6.6	(5.4–8.0)	5.4	(4.5–6.5)
12	5.3	(4.0–7.1)	8.7	(6.9–11.0)	7.0	(5.6–8.7)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	3.0	(2.5–3.6)	5.2	(4.4–6.2)	4.2	(3.6–4.9)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	5.6	(4.3–7.2)	14.6	(10.2–20.6)	8.0	(6.2–10.3)
Not sure	6.0	(3.1–11.5)	15.1	(10.0–22.3)	10.4	(6.8–15.7)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	4.6	(3.6–5.8)	9.2	(7.8–10.8)	7.1	(6.1–8.3)
Same sex only or both sexes	11.9	(9.0–15.7)	21.3	(14.0–30.9)	14.4	(11.0–18.5)
No sexual contact	0.8	(0.5–1.2)	0.8	(0.5–1.2)	0.8	(0.6–1.1)

* Any form of cocaine, such as powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 115. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	3.6	(2.0–6.3)	4.3	(2.9–6.4)	4.0	(2.8–5.7)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	5.0	(3.3–7.6)	6.0	(3.6–9.8)	5.6	(4.0–8.0)	5.0	(3.7–6.9)	9.2	(4.6–17.4)	4.9	(0.8–25.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	6.3	(3.9–10.0)	11.4	(9.5–13.6)	9.4	(7.7–11.6)	5.8	(4.2–7.9)	20.6	(13.6–29.9)	27.5	(13.9–47.2)	8.0	(5.9–10.8)	16.5	(8.9–28.7)	0.7	(0.2–2.2)
California	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Colorado	5.1	(3.4–7.5)	4.9	(3.0–8.0)	5.1	(3.7–6.9)	4.7	(3.2–6.8)	7.0	(4.8–10.2)	17.3	(9.4–29.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	2.5	(1.8–3.4)	5.1	(3.7–6.9)	3.8	(2.9–5.0)	2.4	(1.7–3.4)	8.0	(4.5–13.7)	7.7	(2.9–18.9)	4.1	(3.0–5.5)	12.6	(7.2–21.0)	0.5	(0.2–1.3)
Delaware	2.1	(1.2–3.6)	3.5	(2.4–5.1)	2.9	(2.1–3.9)	2.2	(1.5–3.4)	5.1	(2.7–9.4)	13.1	(5.6–27.8)	3.2	(2.0–5.0)	13.9	(7.9–23.2)	0.1	(0.0–0.4)
Florida	3.4	(2.7–4.2)	5.8	(4.7–7.2)	4.7	(4.0–5.5)	3.3	(2.7–4.0)	9.7	(7.3–12.9)	14.2	(10.2–19.3)	5.9	(4.8–7.1)	16.4	(12.7–20.8)	0.6	(0.3–0.9)
Hawaii	4.5	(3.6–5.7)	8.6	(6.8–10.8)	7.1	(5.8–8.7)	5.2	(4.1–6.6)	15.3	(11.9–19.5)	9.7	(5.9–15.5)	9.9	(8.3–11.8)	16.1	(11.9–21.6)	1.0	(0.6–1.6)
Idaho	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	5.6	(3.8–8.1)	6.8	(5.2–8.8)	6.4	(4.8–8.3)	4.5	(3.1–6.4)	16.3	(11.6–22.4)	7.5	(3.5–15.0)	7.4	(5.2–10.5)	24.5	(19.2–30.6)	0.4	(0.2–1.3)
Iowa	3.6	(2.0–6.2)	4.4	(2.6–7.3)	4.3	(2.7–6.7)	2.7	(1.8–4.1)	10.0	(5.8–16.6)	16.1	(5.6–38.3)	5.0	(3.1–7.9)	13.1	(5.3–29.1)	0.3	(0.1–1.5)
Kansas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	3.1	(2.2–4.5)	5.7	(4.2–7.7)	4.7	(3.5–6.3)	3.0	(2.3–4.0)	15.0	(8.3–25.5)	8.6	(3.4–19.9)	5.5	(4.0–7.4)	15.4	(9.4–24.3)	0.3	(0.1–1.3)
Louisiana	6.0	(3.9–9.0)	12.3	(8.3–17.8)	9.9	(7.0–13.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	3.4	(3.0–3.7)	6.8	(6.3–7.3)	5.4	(5.1–5.8)	3.1	(2.8–3.4)	13.8	(12.6–15.1)	11.7	(9.7–13.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	2.4	(1.6–3.6)	5.6	(4.1–7.7)	4.1	(3.2–5.3)	3.6	(2.9–4.6)	5.5	(3.5–8.6)	6.8	(3.1–14.3)	5.2	(4.0–6.8)	7.8	(4.7–12.6)	1.6	(1.0–2.7)
Michigan	3.0	(1.8–4.7)	6.1	(3.6–10.0)	4.6	(3.2–6.6)	3.0	(1.7–5.1)	13.1	(7.6–21.4)	13.5	(7.7–22.6)	5.0	(2.9–8.5)	22.4	(12.6–36.6)	0.2	(0.0–1.5)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	3.8	(3.1–4.7)	4.7	(3.7–5.9)	4.4	(3.8–5.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	2.8	(1.6–4.8)	5.0	(3.1–8.0)	4.1	(2.7–6.0)	2.8	(1.8–4.5)	12.2	(6.7–21.2)	14.1	(7.0–26.4)	7.1	(4.6–11.0)	12.9	(6.2–24.9)	0.1	(0.0–0.9)
Nevada	4.4	(3.0–6.6)	5.6	(4.2–7.6)	5.4	(4.1–7.1)	4.3	(3.2–5.8)	9.7	(6.0–15.2)	5.9	(1.6–19.4)	7.6	(5.3–10.6)	17.8	(12.8–24.2)	0.9	(0.4–2.1)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	7.3	(5.0–10.6)	11.2	(8.6–14.6)	9.4	(7.0–12.4)	7.0	(5.3–9.3)	19.3	(13.4–27.0)	22.5	(16.8–29.4)	13.2	(9.7–17.8)	30.8	(25.2–37.1)	1.6	(1.1–2.4)
New York	3.2	(2.4–4.4)	5.8	(4.3–7.7)	4.9	(3.7–6.5)	3.2	(2.4–4.3)	13.4	(9.2–19.2)	7.8	(5.7–10.7)	6.3	(4.8–8.3)	20.2	(15.2–26.4)	0.2	(0.1–0.3)
North Carolina	4.1	(2.7–6.1)	6.1	(4.3–8.7)	5.3	(3.7–7.4)	3.6	(2.6–4.9)	11.7	(6.5–20.4)	14.9	(8.4–25.1)	5.7	(4.3–7.6)	15.2	(8.3–26.1)	0.7	(0.3–1.6)
North Dakota	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	3.6	(2.6–5.0)	5.0	(3.1–7.7)	4.3	(3.1–6.0)	3.7	(2.4–5.6)	7.9	(3.8–15.7)	7.1	(1.7–25.0)	5.5	(3.5–8.7)	22.6	(14.5–33.3)	0.1	(0.0–0.6)
Pennsylvania	2.0	(1.2–3.3)	4.4	(3.2–6.2)	3.3	(2.4–4.5)	2.7	(2.0–3.7)	5.9	(3.1–11.1)	4.8	(2.6–8.6)	4.6	(3.4–6.2)	10.3	(6.2–16.4)	0.5	(0.2–1.3)
Rhode Island	2.2	(1.3–3.5)	5.8	(4.2–8.0)	4.4	(3.1–6.1)	3.0	(2.0–4.5)	9.2	(4.8–16.6)	13.7	(7.7–23.2)	5.6	(4.3–7.3)	14.9	(8.6–24.6)	0.1	(0.0–0.8)
South Carolina	4.4	(3.1–6.2)	7.3	(5.5–9.6)	6.4	(4.9–8.3)	4.1	(3.1–5.4)	14.8	(9.5–22.6)	18.2	(8.6–34.5)	6.2	(4.3–8.9)	21.2	(12.5–33.5)	0.2	(0.0–1.2)
Tennessee	2.4	(1.4–4.1)	5.1	(3.4–7.4)	4.1	(2.8–5.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	3.6	(2.6–5.0)	7.4	(5.8–9.4)	5.9	(4.9–7.2)	4.7	(3.6–5.9)	10.3	(6.5–16.0)	6.9	(2.7–16.4)	7.4	(5.4–10.0)	16.4	(10.8–24.0)	1.1	(0.6–2.0)
Utah	2.8	(1.4–5.6)	3.7	(2.3–5.9)	3.4	(2.1–5.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	2.7	(2.4–3.1)	5.3	(4.8–5.7)	4.2	(3.9–4.5)	3.4	(3.2–3.7)	7.5	(6.4–8.7)	10.1	(8.3–12.2)	5.1	(4.7–5.6)	17.0	(15.0–19.2)	0.4	(0.2–0.5)
Virginia	2.2	(1.6–3.0)	4.9	(3.9–6.3)	3.7	(3.0–4.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	3.8	(2.6–5.4)	7.1	(4.5–11.1)	6.0	(4.1–8.6)	4.6	(3.2–6.5)	13.6	(7.4–23.8)	17.1	(8.4–31.7)	6.4	(4.2–9.5)	14.9	(8.7–24.3)	1.1	(0.5–2.3)
Wisconsin	3.1	(1.8–5.1)	5.5	(4.1–7.4)	4.4	(3.4–5.9)	3.6	(2.6–4.9)	7.4	(4.2–12.6)	9.9	(4.8–19.3)	5.5	(4.0–7.6)	18.4	(9.8–31.8)	1.0	(0.5–2.1)
Median	3.5		5.6		4.6		3.6		10.2		10.9		5.7		16.4		0.5
Range	2.0–7.3		3.5–12.3		2.9–9.9		2.2–7.0		5.1–20.6		4.8–27.5		3.2–13.2		7.8–30.8		0.1–1.6
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	4.2	(2.4–7.2)	8.6	(4.9–14.8)	6.8	(4.3–10.6)	3.7	(2.1–6.4)	13.0	(6.8–23.3)	10.8	(4.0–25.8)	4.2	(2.0–8.8)	18.0	(9.4–31.5)	0.8	(0.2–3.1)
Boston, MA	1.3	(0.6–2.6)	4.1	(2.9–5.6)	2.6	(1.9–3.6)	2.3	(1.6–3.3)	3.7	(1.5–8.9)	1.6	(0.3–8.3)	2.1	(1.2–3.7)	8.3	(4.7–14.2)	0.3	(0.0–2.1)
Broward County, FL	2.7	(1.3–5.5)	5.1	(2.7–9.5)	4.0	(2.4–6.7)	3.3	(1.8–6.0)	7.1	(3.1–15.4)	4.4	(1.4–13.2)	4.4	(2.2–8.6)	9.0	(4.1–18.5)	0.3	(0.0–2.2)
Chicago, IL	4.3	(2.3–7.9)	8.3	(6.1–11.3)	6.6	(4.5–9.7)	4.4	(3.1–6.2)	13.4	(6.6–25.3)	11.7	(6.5–20.1)	6.7	(4.5–9.6)	20.7	(13.2–30.8)	0.3	(0.1–1.2)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	1.7	(1.0–3.1)	6.9	(5.0–9.3)	4.4	(3.4–5.8)	2.7	(1.9–3.9)	10.5	(6.3–17.0)	8.9	(4.3–17.4)	4.4	(3.3–6.0)	13.7	(8.7–21.1)	0.5	(0.1–1.9)
Detroit, MI	1.9	(1.0–3.5)	5.9	(3.5–9.5)	4.0	(2.6–6.1)	2.3	(1.3–4.0)	8.8	(4.9–15.2)	5.3	(1.7–15.4)	4.4	(2.7–7.2)	8.9	(5.3–14.4)	0.1	(0.0–0.7)
District of Columbia	4.9	(4.2–5.7)	8.5	(7.6–9.5)	7.4	(6.8–8.1)	5.5	(4.9–6.2)	12.4	(10.4–14.7)	15.2	(11.5–19.9)	5.2	(4.4–6.1)	16.4	(13.9–19.3)	0.9	(0.6–1.4)
Duval County, FL	5.5	(4.3–7.1)	7.6	(6.1–9.5)	7.1	(5.9–8.5)	3.0	(2.3–3.9)	16.5	(12.9–21.0)	18.5	(12.2–26.9)	4.7	(3.7–6.0)	17.4	(13.6–22.1)	0.5	(0.2–1.1)
Ft. Worth, TX	5.0	(4.0–6.3)	6.8	(5.6–8.3)	6.1	(5.2–7.2)	4.8	(3.9–5.8)	14.8	(11.1–19.5)	11.9	(7.0–19.4)	9.4	(7.7–11.5)	18.0	(13.1–24.2)	1.0	(0.6–1.6)
Houston, TX	5.8	(4.6–7.2)	9.2	(7.5–11.2)	7.8	(6.6–9.3)	5.4	(4.5–6.6)	16.2	(12.4–20.8)	16.1	(9.5–26.0)	10.4	(8.5–12.5)	22.9	(17.2–29.7)	0.8	(0.4–1.5)
Los Angeles, CA	3.8	(2.9–5.0)	4.0	(2.9–5.4)	4.0	(3.2–5.0)	3.6	(2.9–4.4)	9.9	(4.0–22.3)	3.8	(0.9–15.0)	5.9	(4.4–7.9)	13.1	(5.5–28.3)	1.4	(0.8–2.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL	4.8	(3.6–6.4)	8.9	(6.6–12.0)	7.3	(5.6–9.4)	4.2	(3.2–5.5)	19.1	(12.7–27.6)	21.7	(13.8–32.4)	7.4	(5.5–10.0)	21.1	(14.4–29.8)	1.0	(0.5–2.2)
New York City, NY	2.0	(1.5–2.6)	5.6	(4.6–6.8)	4.1	(3.4–4.9)	2.6	(2.1–3.1)	8.4	(6.3–11.2)	7.9	(5.9–10.6)	5.4	(4.2–6.8)	15.9	(12.4–20.2)	0.5	(0.2–1.0)
Oakland, CA	3.9	(2.7–5.7)	7.9	(5.9–10.4)	6.2	(5.0–7.8)	5.9	(4.6–7.6)	8.1	(4.5–14.1)	7.1	(3.5–14.1)	8.9	(6.8–11.5)	16.4	(10.5–24.6)	0.8	(0.4–1.8)
Orange County, FL	2.5	(1.5–4.1)	7.3	(4.8–10.8)	5.5	(3.8–7.8)	2.9	(1.9–4.5)	17.6	(11.4–26.3)	13.2	(5.9–26.8)	4.9	(3.0–8.1)	18.6	(11.7–28.2)	0.5	(0.1–2.0)
Palm Beach County, FL	4.3	(2.9–6.5)	7.4	(5.6–9.7)	6.1	(4.9–7.6)	3.0	(2.2–4.1)	19.5	(14.5–25.7)	20.5	(12.3–32.2)	6.1	(4.4–8.3)	26.9	(18.9–36.7)	0.1	(0.0–0.4)
Philadelphia, PA	1.1	(0.5–2.8)	3.4	(1.9–6.0)	2.3	(1.5–3.5)	1.6	(0.8–2.9)	4.8	(2.3–9.8)	10.3	(4.4–22.3)	2.8	(1.6–4.8)	5.4	(2.4–11.5)	0.1	(0.0–0.7)
San Diego, CA	4.0	(2.7–5.7)	4.6	(3.5–6.0)	4.4	(3.5–5.6)	3.9	(3.0–5.2)	7.3	(4.5–11.7)	7.1	(3.8–13.0)	6.4	(4.7–8.6)	13.6	(8.4–21.2)	0.5	(0.2–1.1)
San Francisco, CA	3.1	(2.2–4.2)	5.5	(4.2–7.2)	4.6	(3.8–5.6)	3.9	(3.1–5.0)	8.7	(5.4–13.8)	7.6	(4.1–13.8)	7.4	(5.5–9.7)	21.3	(15.1–29.1)	0.2	(0.0–0.6)
Shelby County, TN	4.5	(3.0–6.7)	10.1	(7.8–13.0)	7.8	(6.2–9.6)	3.7	(2.6–5.2)	21.6	(14.9–30.3)	22.2	(13.1–35.1)	4.8	(3.1–7.5)	19.3	(13.4–27.1)	0.6	(0.2–2.1)
Median	3.9		7.1		5.8		3.6		11.5		10.5		5.3		16.9		0.5
Range	1.1–5.8		3.4–10.1		2.3–7.8		1.6–5.9		3.7–21.6		1.6–22.2		2.1–10.4		5.4–26.9		0.1–1.4

* Any form of cocaine, such as powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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**TABLE 116. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	6.4	(5.5–7.4)	6.0	(5.2–6.8)	6.2	(5.6–6.9)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	5.8	(4.6–7.3)	5.6	(4.5–6.9)	5.7	(5.0–6.5)
Black^§	7.3	(5.6–9.4)	6.3	(4.4–9.0)	6.9	(5.5–8.6)
Hispanic	7.4	(6.2–8.9)	6.8	(5.2–8.7)	7.1	(6.1–8.2)
Grade
9	9.0	(7.7–10.4)	5.6	(4.3–7.2)	7.2	(6.2–8.4)
10	5.6	(4.3–7.3)	5.9	(4.4–7.8)	5.7	(4.6–7.1)
11	6.3	(3.9–10.2)	6.3	(4.9–8.1)	6.4	(4.9–8.3)
12	4.1	(3.0–5.5)	5.8	(4.4–7.5)	4.9	(3.9–6.2)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	5.2	(4.5–6.1)	5.0	(4.3–5.8)	5.1	(4.6–5.7)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	9.9	(7.8–12.5)	13.2	(7.7–21.7)	10.7	(8.2–13.9)
Not sure	15.8	(9.4–25.4)	20.4	(13.5–29.6)	18.3	(13.6–24.2)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	7.6	(6.0–9.5)	7.3	(6.3–8.5)	7.4	(6.6–8.4)
Same sex only or both sexes	17.1	(13.7–21.2)	23.0	(16.4–31.1)	18.6	(15.8–21.8)
No sexual contact	3.4	(2.7–4.4)	2.4	(1.7–3.2)	2.9	(2.4–3.6)

* Sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 117. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	7.2	(5.0–10.5)	6.1	(4.3–8.5)	6.7	(5.2–8.6)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	11.7	(9.5–14.2)	11.9	(7.8–17.9)	12.4	(9.7–15.7)	9.2	(6.2–13.3)	24.2	(14.6–37.2)	20.3	(11.8–32.8)	11.0	(7.8–15.3)	21.2	(10.5–38.1)	4.7	(2.0–10.8)
California	5.1	(3.9–6.7)	6.9	(4.5–10.4)	6.3	(4.7–8.3)	5.9	(4.4–8.0)	8.0	(5.1–12.4)	8.8	(2.2–28.8)	7.6	(5.0–11.3)	13.8	(6.5–26.9)	3.1	(2.0–4.8)
Colorado	5.5	(3.9–7.7)	5.5	(3.6–8.2)	5.5	(4.3–7.0)	5.1	(3.9–6.7)	8.0	(4.0–15.2)	10.6	(3.9–25.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	5.7	(4.3–7.6)	7.2	(5.5–9.5)	6.5	(5.1–8.2)	4.1	(3.1–5.3)	16.4	(11.1–23.5)	19.0	(10.9–31.1)	6.3	(4.7–8.3)	20.6	(13.9–29.5)	2.2	(1.3–3.6)
Delaware	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	8.2	(6.4–10.3)	6.9	(5.4–8.8)	7.6	(6.3–9.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	7.3	(5.7–9.2)	8.5	(7.0–10.2)	8.4	(7.1–9.8)	5.6	(4.5–7.1)	21.9	(17.5–27.0)	13.6	(8.0–22.4)	7.5	(5.4–10.2)	30.3	(24.4–36.8)	2.5	(1.7–3.5)
Iowa	6.3	(3.8–10.2)	6.5	(4.3–9.7)	6.7	(4.7–9.4)	4.2	(2.7–6.5)	19.5	(12.5–29.1)	21.6	(8.4–45.3)	7.7	(5.0–11.6)	14.6	(8.5–24.1)	1.2	(0.5–2.5)
Kansas	5.6	(4.4–7.0)	7.0	(5.6–8.8)	6.3	(5.3–7.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	5.0	(3.5–7.0)	7.4	(5.5–10.1)	6.5	(5.0–8.3)	5.0	(3.8–6.5)	16.7	(9.6–27.5)	9.3	(4.7–17.5)	6.6	(4.8–8.9)	10.7	(6.4–17.1)	3.6	(2.2–6.0)
Louisiana	10.5	(7.6–14.1)	14.0	(10.8–17.9)	12.6	(10.1–15.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	6.0	(5.4–6.7)	8.0	(7.1–8.9)	7.1	(6.6–7.6)	5.7	(5.3–6.3)	13.3	(11.5–15.2)	16.0	(12.3–20.6)	7.6	(6.6–8.7)	19.3	(16.9–21.9)	2.8	(2.4–3.4)
Maryland	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	5.8	(4.2–7.9)	8.2	(5.5–12.0)	7.1	(5.3–9.4)	4.8	(3.3–6.8)	22.1	(16.0–29.8)	15.3	(9.7–23.2)	7.7	(4.9–11.9)	22.7	(14.6–33.5)	2.3	(1.4–3.9)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	6.5	(5.4–7.9)	5.9	(4.9–7.2)	6.4	(5.5–7.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	4.9	(3.4–7.1)	6.2	(4.3–8.8)	6.0	(4.6–7.8)	3.8	(2.8–5.2)	22.0	(15.6–30.0)	18.1	(9.3–32.0)	7.0	(4.6–10.4)	22.2	(13.8–33.9)	2.2	(1.3–3.7)
Nevada	7.8	(5.7–10.4)	5.9	(4.6–7.5)	7.1	(5.9–8.5)	5.5	(4.3–7.0)	15.1	(10.0–22.3)	10.6	(4.6–22.6)	7.5	(5.6–10.0)	19.5	(13.9–26.6)	3.3	(2.3–4.7)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	9.5	(7.2–12.3)	8.6	(6.3–11.7)	9.2	(7.0–11.9)	6.8	(5.2–8.8)	22.1	(15.2–30.9)	21.2	(13.9–30.9)	8.6	(6.8–10.9)	24.7	(16.2–35.6)	4.1	(2.8–6.0)
North Dakota	5.6	(4.3–7.3)	6.8	(5.4–8.6)	6.3	(5.3–7.6)	5.0	(4.0–6.3)	16.6	(11.7–22.9)	10.8	(5.5–20.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	7.3	(5.3–9.9)	4.8	(3.3–7.1)	6.0	(4.7–7.7)	4.9	(3.5–6.8)	15.6	(9.8–24.0)	7.7	(2.0–25.2)	7.2	(4.8–10.6)	20.1	(12.7–30.2)	2.1	(1.2–3.7)
Pennsylvania	5.7	(4.1–7.8)	6.0	(4.6–7.8)	6.0	(4.9–7.4)	4.7	(3.6–6.1)	15.0	(11.1–20.1)	13.2	(7.8–21.3)	7.1	(5.3–9.4)	17.3	(12.6–23.3)	2.2	(1.5–3.3)
Rhode Island	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
South Carolina	8.6	(6.4–11.5)	7.3	(5.1–10.5)	8.5	(6.6–10.8)	5.7	(4.3–7.5)	18.9	(12.5–27.5)	25.1	(14.1–40.7)	7.3	(5.4–9.6)	22.5	(14.6–33.1)	3.7	(2.1–6.5)
Tennessee	6.3	(4.7–8.5)	6.6	(4.8–8.9)	6.8	(5.4–8.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	5.8	(3.8–8.8)	7.3	(5.4–9.7)	6.9	(5.3–8.9)	5.4	(3.9–7.4)	13.6	(8.7–20.6)	13.6	(7.9–22.4)	6.4	(4.4–9.2)	18.9	(11.9–28.8)	3.9	(2.5–5.9)
Utah	7.8	(5.5–10.8)	7.3	(5.6–9.5)	7.6	(6.0–9.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	5.6	(5.2–6.1)	6.3	(5.8–6.7)	6.1	(5.8–6.4)	4.7	(4.4–5.0)	14.7	(13.3–16.4)	11.9	(9.9–14.2)	6.7	(6.2–7.2)	22.2	(20.0–24.5)	2.3	(2.0–2.6)
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	5.5	(3.7–7.9)	7.8	(5.6–10.8)	7.0	(5.2–9.4)	5.5	(4.1–7.2)	16.3	(8.1–30.1)	15.4	(7.6–28.8)	7.2	(5.4–9.5)	22.7	(11.9–38.9)	2.1	(1.3–3.3)
Wisconsin	4.2	(3.0–5.7)	7.1	(5.5–9.1)	5.8	(4.6–7.4)	4.6	(3.5–6.0)	9.4	(6.3–13.7)	18.7	(9.8–32.6)	6.2	(4.6–8.4)	18.3	(13.9–23.6)	2.6	(1.6–4.1)
Median	6.0		7.0		6.7		5.0		16.3		14.5		7.2		20.3		2.5
Range	4.2–11.7		4.8–14.0		5.5–12.6		3.8–9.2		8.0–24.2		7.7–25.1		6.2–11.0		10.7–30.3		1.2–4.7
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	11.0	(7.7–15.4)	11.7	(7.5–17.7)	11.6	(8.7–15.3)	7.0	(4.6–10.4)	19.7	(12.7–29.1)	24.0	(9.6–48.4)	6.9	(3.8–12.2)	24.8	(14.7–38.6)	8.4	(5.5–12.5)
Boston, MA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Broward County, FL	5.6	(2.8–10.9)	6.6	(4.1–10.4)	6.5	(4.1–10.1)	4.3	(2.3–7.9)	11.8	(5.8–22.8)	13.4	(4.8–31.9)	4.1	(2.0–8.0)	22.0	(10.2–41.2)	2.3	(0.9–5.8)
Chicago, IL	8.8	(6.1–12.5)	10.1	(7.6–13.3)	9.7	(7.3–12.9)	7.8	(5.9–10.4)	16.4	(10.4–24.8)	13.0	(6.2–25.4)	8.1	(5.1–12.4)	22.1	(16.0–29.6)	5.6	(3.9–7.8)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	6.2	(4.7–8.1)	8.4	(6.2–11.4)	7.4	(6.1–9.0)	5.3	(4.2–6.6)	15.9	(10.3–23.7)	11.3	(5.9–20.5)	7.7	(5.8–10.3)	19.6	(13.9–26.8)	3.5	(2.4–5.1)
Detroit, MI	5.2	(3.8–7.2)	9.1	(6.1–13.1)	7.3	(5.6–9.4)	5.4	(4.0–7.4)	13.6	(8.6–20.7)	10.3	(4.4–22.3)	5.8	(3.7–9.0)	16.6	(11.6–23.1)	3.8	(2.4–5.9)
District of Columbia	12.0	(10.9–13.1)	11.5	(10.4–12.8)	12.4	(11.6–13.2)	10.1	(9.3–11.0)	21.2	(18.6–24.1)	15.5	(11.5–20.7)	10.5	(9.3–11.8)	24.8	(21.7–28.2)	5.5	(4.6–6.4)
Duval County, FL	11.2	(9.4–13.2)	12.4	(10.3–14.8)	12.3	(10.7–14.0)	7.3	(6.0–8.8)	27.2	(22.2–32.8)	24.1	(17.4–32.4)	10.2	(8.7–11.9)	24.3	(19.9–29.3)	4.2	(2.9–6.1)
Ft. Worth, TX	6.3	(5.2–7.8)	5.1	(4.1–6.4)	6.0	(5.1–7.0)	4.5	(3.7–5.4)	14.5	(11.1–18.8)	14.3	(8.8–22.4)	7.4	(6.0–9.1)	16.5	(11.5–23.0)	2.6	(1.9–3.6)
Houston, TX	7.1	(5.7–8.7)	8.4	(6.8–10.3)	8.1	(6.8–9.5)	5.3	(4.3–6.4)	18.2	(14.0–23.4)	22.4	(14.3–33.3)	9.3	(7.4–11.6)	21.9	(15.8–29.5)	2.6	(1.9–3.5)
Los Angeles, CA	6.6	(5.0–8.7)	4.3	(2.9–6.3)	5.5	(4.4–7.0)	4.8	(3.5–6.5)	10.1	(5.4–18.2)	13.9	(7.5–24.2)	6.9	(4.6–10.4)	19.2	(12.9–27.4)	2.1	(1.1–3.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL	4.7	(3.7–6.0)	7.6	(5.5–10.5)	6.4	(4.9–8.3)	4.8	(3.9–6.0)	13.6	(8.5–21.2)	19.8	(12.0–31.1)	6.9	(5.3–9.1)	15.9	(9.3–25.8)	2.4	(1.5–3.7)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Orange County, FL	6.4	(4.8–8.4)	7.4	(5.3–10.4)	7.4	(5.7–9.5)	4.1	(3.0–5.7)	23.7	(16.9–32.2)	14.0	(6.6–27.2)	6.8	(4.7–9.7)	20.3	(13.7–28.9)	3.1	(1.9–4.9)
Palm Beach County, FL	5.7	(4.4–7.4)	7.6	(5.9–9.7)	7.0	(5.7–8.4)	4.4	(3.6–5.5)	19.2	(14.3–25.2)	16.5	(10.6–24.6)	6.2	(4.5–8.6)	23.0	(17.0–30.2)	2.7	(1.9–3.9)
Philadelphia, PA	6.1	(4.1–8.9)	9.7	(7.3–12.9)	8.0	(6.1–10.5)	6.4	(4.6–8.8)	14.3	(9.0–22.0)	26.0	(12.2–47.1)	6.5	(3.9–10.6)	21.1	(11.9–34.6)	3.9	(2.5–6.1)
San Diego, CA	3.5	(2.7–4.6)	5.3	(3.7–7.6)	4.6	(3.5–5.9)	3.9	(2.9–5.4)	9.1	(5.7–14.1)	7.1	(3.1–15.5)	4.9	(3.6–6.6)	11.2	(6.4–18.9)	2.2	(1.4–3.7)
San Francisco, CA	3.2	(2.2–4.7)	7.2	(5.4–9.5)	5.6	(4.4–7.1)	4.4	(3.4–5.7)	8.3	(4.9–13.7)	14.2	(8.3–23.3)	6.7	(4.8–9.2)	16.6	(10.6–25.0)	2.2	(1.4–3.5)
Shelby County, TN	8.8	(6.6–11.6)	10.0	(7.7–12.9)	10.0	(8.4–12.0)	7.4	(6.1–9.1)	15.5	(10.9–21.6)	28.2	(15.5–45.8)	9.0	(6.7–11.9)	22.5	(16.9–29.3)	4.3	(2.7–6.9)
Median	6.3		8.4		7.4		5.3		15.5		14.3		6.9		21.1		3.1
Range	3.2–12.0		4.3–12.4		4.6–12.4		3.9–10.1		8.3–27.2		7.1–28.2		4.1–10.5		11.2–24.8		2.1–8.4

* Sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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**TABLE 118. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	0.9	(0.6–1.5)	2.4	(1.9–3.1)	1.7	(1.3–2.2)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	0.4	(0.2–0.9)	1.8	(1.3–2.6)	1.1	(0.8–1.5)
Black^§	1.3	(0.6–2.7)	2.9	(2.1–4.1)	2.2	(1.4–3.2)
Hispanic	1.0	(0.6–1.6)	2.7	(1.7–4.1)	1.8	(1.3–2.7)
Grade
9	0.5	(0.3–0.9)	2.2	(1.3–3.6)	1.3	(0.9–2.1)
10	0.9	(0.5–1.4)	2.0	(1.2–3.4)	1.4	(1.0–2.1)
11	0.8	(0.3–1.9)	2.1	(1.4–3.2)	1.6	(1.0–2.4)
12	1.4	(0.7–3.0)	3.1	(2.2–4.4)	2.2	(1.5–3.3)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	0.6	(0.3–1.1)	1.6	(1.2–2.2)	1.1	(0.8–1.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	2.2	(1.4–3.5)	7.4	(3.9–13.5)	3.5	(2.2–5.6)
Not sure	2.8	(0.9–8.3)	13.2	(8.0–21.2)	7.7	(4.7–12.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	0.4	(0.2–0.8)	2.8	(2.2–3.5)	1.7	(1.3–2.2)
Same sex only or both sexes	3.6	(2.0–6.5)	15.4	(9.2–24.7)	6.6	(4.5–9.4)
No sexual contact	0.4	(0.2–1.0)	0.2	(0.1–0.5)	0.3	(0.2–0.6)

* Also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 119. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	1.0	(0.4–2.3)	3.3	(1.9–5.5)	2.2	(1.4–3.6)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	1.2	(0.5–2.7)	2.6	(1.2–5.5)	1.9	(0.9–4.0)	0.9	(0.5–1.7)	6.9	(2.6–16.8)	5.6	(1.0–25.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	4.7	(1.9–10.8)	9.5	(6.6–13.4)	7.7	(5.3–11.0)	4.6	(2.6–8.2)	18.1	(12.1–26.2)	17.0	(7.7–33.4)	5.4	(3.3–8.8)	17.4	(11.1–26.2)	0.2	(0.0–1.9)
California	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Colorado	1.0	(0.6–1.8)	1.3	(0.6–2.8)	1.2	(0.7–2.0)	0.9	(0.4–1.9)	1.7	(0.5–5.5)	6.8	(2.6–16.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	1.3	(0.7–2.5)	3.1	(2.2–4.3)	2.2	(1.5–3.2)	1.1	(0.7–1.7)	7.0	(4.1–11.5)	5.3	(2.2–12.0)	2.2	(1.2–3.9)	5.8	(2.6–12.4)	0.1	(0.0–0.7)
Delaware	1.0	(0.5–1.9)	2.1	(1.3–3.5)	1.6	(1.1–2.3)	1.0	(0.6–1.7)	4.6	(2.2–9.3)	8.5	(2.6–24.6)	1.5	(0.8–2.7)	9.6	(4.7–18.7)	0.0	—
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	1.8	(1.2–2.6)	6.2	(4.5–8.3)	4.5	(3.4–5.8)	2.1	(1.5–2.9)	13.9	(9.9–19.2)	10.4	(6.4–16.5)	2.9	(2.1–4.0)	15.9	(10.0–24.4)	0.4	(0.1–1.2)
Idaho	1.4	(0.7–2.8)	2.4	(1.3–4.5)	2.0	(1.2–3.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	2.3	(1.3–4.0)	4.2	(3.1–5.7)	3.4	(2.5–4.6)	1.8	(1.2–2.5)	9.6	(5.5–16.1)	7.9	(3.8–15.7)	2.9	(1.6–5.0)	15.8	(11.5–21.4)	0.1	(0.0–1.1)
Iowa	1.5	(0.7–3.2)	2.4	(1.1–5.1)	2.3	(1.6–3.3)	1.1	(0.7–1.6)	5.5	(3.4–9.0)	10.9	(3.4–30.2)	1.0	(0.6–1.8)	8.4	(4.8–14.3)	0.4	(0.0–3.4)
Kansas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	1.6	(0.9–2.8)	2.2	(1.3–3.6)	2.1	(1.3–3.3)	1.2	(0.7–1.9)	7.4	(3.4–15.2)	4.6	(1.5–12.7)	1.2	(0.7–2.2)	4.5	(2.0–9.8)	0.2	(0.0–1.3)
Louisiana	5.8	(2.9–11.2)	12.2	(8.9–16.6)	9.6	(6.6–13.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	2.4	(2.1–2.7)	5.3	(4.9–5.8)	4.3	(3.9–4.6)	2.0	(1.8–2.3)	11.6	(10.3–12.9)	11.7	(10.0–13.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	0.4	(0.2–0.7)	2.3	(1.4–3.8)	1.4	(0.9–2.2)	0.9	(0.6–1.4)	3.6	(1.8–7.2)	4.0	(1.4–10.7)	1.4	(0.8–2.2)	4.4	(2.2–8.9)	0.0	—
Michigan	1.2	(0.6–2.5)	3.3	(2.2–5.0)	2.5	(1.6–3.8)	0.6	(0.3–1.4)	13.3	(7.8–21.7)	11.3	(5.5–21.7)	1.2	(0.4–3.0)	16.8	(8.0–31.9)	0.0	—
Missouri	3.7	(1.9–7.4)	3.7	(2.3–5.9)	4.1	(2.4–6.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	1.2	(0.8–1.9)	1.8	(1.4–2.5)	1.7	(1.3–2.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	0.7	(0.2–2.1)	3.1	(1.5–6.2)	2.1	(1.1–4.0)	0.7	(0.2–2.1)	12.3	(6.3–22.6)	10.6	(4.3–24.0)	2.7	(1.2–6.1)	6.6	(2.5–16.2)	0.0	—
Nevada	1.4	(0.7–2.8)	2.5	(1.9–3.3)	2.4	(1.8–3.1)	1.5	(1.1–2.0)	6.0	(3.1–11.4)	8.3	(2.5–24.1)	1.7	(0.9–3.1)	7.9	(4.1–14.8)	0.3	(0.1–1.5)
New Hampshire	1.0	(0.7–1.3)	2.3	(1.9–2.9)	1.8	(1.5–2.2)	1.1	(0.9–1.3)	3.7	(2.6–5.3)	10.1	(7.3–13.8)	1.6	(1.3–2.0)	11.9	(9.0–15.6)	0.2	(0.1–0.4)
New Mexico	2.2	(1.4–3.4)	4.4	(3.1–6.2)	3.4	(2.4–4.7)	1.4	(0.9–2.0)	10.4	(7.0–15.3)	18.8	(12.5–27.2)	3.0	(2.0–4.4)	19.4	(14.8–25.0)	0.2	(0.1–0.6)
New York	2.1	(1.2–3.6)	4.8	(3.3–6.9)	3.9	(2.7–5.7)	2.2	(1.4–3.3)	10.5	(7.8–14.0)	10.9	(7.5–15.7)	3.7	(2.6–5.1)	16.3	(10.7–24.1)	0.1	(0.0–0.2)
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	0.4	(0.2–0.9)	2.2	(1.4–3.4)	1.4	(0.9–2.1)	0.9	(0.5–1.6)	2.6	(1.0–6.1)	6.0	(2.3–14.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	1.2	(0.5–2.8)	1.9	(1.0–3.6)	1.6	(0.9–2.7)	1.1	(0.6–1.9)	6.7	(3.2–13.6)	0.0	—	1.7	(0.9–3.1)	11.0	(5.6–20.5)	0.0	—
Pennsylvania	1.0	(0.5–1.9)	3.2	(2.0–5.0)	2.2	(1.4–3.4)	1.4	(0.9–2.1)	5.3	(2.4–11.3)	6.8	(3.6–12.5)	1.9	(1.2–3.1)	8.2	(4.7–14.0)	0.3	(0.1–1.0)
Rhode Island	1.6	(0.8–3.4)	5.1	(3.3–7.9)	3.8	(2.6–5.6)	2.2	(1.2–3.9)	9.3	(4.4–18.8)	15.9	(9.8–24.7)	4.0	(2.4–6.6)	10.1	(6.2–16.1)	0.1	(0.0–0.7)
South Carolina	2.2	(1.2–4.1)	5.1	(3.3–7.8)	4.4	(3.0–6.5)	2.5	(1.5–4.2)	9.7	(5.2–17.2)	13.9	(4.6–34.7)	3.5	(2.0–6.2)	11.6	(5.8–21.9)	0.3	(0.0–1.5)
Tennessee	1.0	(0.5–1.8)	3.5	(2.1–5.6)	2.5	(1.6–3.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	0.4	(0.1–1.4)	4.0	(2.4–6.5)	2.4	(1.5–3.8)	1.8	(1.1–3.0)	3.2	(1.6–6.3)	5.6	(2.1–14.2)	2.6	(1.5–4.6)	6.1	(2.6–13.5)	0.1	(0.0–0.6)
Utah	2.8	(0.9–8.5)	2.9	(1.5–5.4)	3.1	(1.5–6.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	0.9	(0.8–1.2)	2.5	(2.2–2.9)	1.9	(1.7–2.1)	1.3	(1.2–1.5)	3.9	(3.1–4.8)	7.2	(5.7–9.1)	2.0	(1.7–2.3)	8.4	(6.9–10.0)	0.1	(0.1–0.2)
Virginia	0.8	(0.4–1.5)	2.7	(1.9–3.9)	1.8	(1.3–2.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	1.1	(0.6–1.8)	4.7	(2.9–7.6)	3.4	(2.1–5.6)	2.5	(1.6–3.8)	8.6	(3.5–19.6)	7.9	(3.1–18.7)	3.0	(1.8–5.1)	9.6	(4.4–19.7)	0.0	—
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	1.2		3.1		2.3		1.3		7.0		8.3		2.2		9.6		0.1
Range	0.4–5.8		1.3–12.2		1.2–9.6		0.6–4.6		1.7–18.1		0.0–18.8		1.0–5.4		4.4–19.4		0.0–0.4
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	3.5	(2.0–6.2)	11.4	(7.2–17.6)	7.6	(5.1–11.1)	3.7	(2.2–6.4)	14.7	(7.6–26.7)	9.4	(3.5–23.0)	5.1	(2.7–9.3)	16.4	(7.5–32.3)	0.8	(0.2–3.1)
Boston, MA	0.3	(0.1–1.0)	2.2	(1.5–3.4)	1.3	(0.9–1.9)	1.0	(0.6–1.7)	1.4	(0.4–4.6)	0.8	(0.2–3.2)	0.8	(0.4–1.5)	2.7	(0.9–7.7)	0.1	(0.0–1.0)
Broward County, FL	0.5	(0.2–1.5)	6.1	(3.4–10.9)	3.7	(2.2–6.2)	2.5	(1.2–5.0)	9.1	(4.1–18.9)	6.2	(2.3–15.8)	3.2	(1.3–8.0)	8.3	(3.8–17.1)	0.0	—
Chicago, IL	2.3	(0.8–6.4)	6.7	(4.5–9.9)	4.9	(3.0–7.9)	2.5	(1.4–4.5)	11.7	(6.3–20.8)	12.8	(5.9–25.6)	3.6	(1.8–7.1)	16.4	(9.9–26.0)	0.0	—
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	1.1	(0.5–2.3)	5.9	(3.8–8.9)	3.6	(2.5–5.2)	2.0	(1.2–3.2)	7.3	(3.6–14.3)	10.1	(5.0–19.4)	3.1	(1.9–4.9)	9.3	(4.9–16.8)	1.0	(0.4–2.6)
Detroit, MI	1.9	(1.2–3.0)	6.4	(4.0–10.2)	4.2	(2.8–6.1)	2.1	(1.2–3.7)	12.0	(7.2–19.4)	9.5	(3.6–22.8)	2.9	(1.5–5.5)	14.2	(9.3–20.9)	0.0	—
District of Columbia	3.2	(2.7–3.9)	6.4	(5.6–7.3)	5.3	(4.8–5.9)	4.0	(3.5–4.6)	8.7	(7.1–10.8)	10.9	(7.7–15.1)	2.9	(2.3–3.6)	11.4	(9.3–13.9)	0.5	(0.3–0.9)
Duval County, FL	3.7	(2.7–5.0)	7.4	(5.9–9.3)	6.1	(4.9–7.7)	2.0	(1.4–2.9)	16.5	(12.3–21.8)	17.8	(12.0–25.5)	3.2	(2.3–4.4)	13.2	(9.8–17.5)	0.2	(0.1–0.7)
Ft. Worth, TX	2.0	(1.4–2.8)	2.9	(2.1–3.9)	2.6	(2.0–3.5)	1.1	(0.8–1.6)	11.3	(7.7–16.1)	8.8	(4.7–15.8)	2.3	(1.6–3.3)	9.7	(6.2–15.0)	0.3	(0.1–0.7)
Houston, TX	2.2	(1.4–3.3)	5.0	(3.8–6.6)	3.9	(3.0–5.1)	1.7	(1.2–2.4)	12.8	(9.1–17.8)	10.4	(5.3–19.4)	3.4	(2.4–4.8)	14.2	(9.4–21.1)	0.0	—
Los Angeles, CA	1.0	(0.4–2.3)	2.5	(1.6–3.8)	1.9	(1.2–2.8)	1.6	(1.0–2.5)	6.6	(2.2–17.9)	0.0	—	2.7	(1.6–4.6)	12.6	(5.2–27.2)	0.0	—
Miami-Dade County, FL	1.7	(1.1–2.7)	5.9	(3.7–9.1)	4.3	(2.9–6.5)	2.0	(1.3–3.1)	14.8	(8.8–23.7)	16.1	(9.4–26.1)	3.2	(2.1–4.9)	15.1	(7.8–27.1)	0.2	(0.0–0.8)
New York City, NY	1.6	(1.2–2.2)	5.3	(4.3–6.6)	3.9	(3.2–4.8)	2.3	(1.9–2.9)	8.9	(6.4–12.4)	8.5	(6.5–11.1)	3.9	(3.0–5.1)	16.0	(12.0–20.9)	0.3	(0.1–0.8)
Oakland, CA	1.7	(1.1–2.7)	3.6	(2.3–5.6)	2.9	(2.1–4.0)	2.6	(1.8–3.9)	3.9	(1.8–8.3)	2.3	(0.6–8.9)	3.4	(2.1–5.5)	10.3	(6.1–16.9)	0.2	(0.0–0.8)
Orange County, FL	1.4	(0.7–2.9)	4.5	(2.7–7.3)	3.6	(2.3–5.7)	1.4	(0.7–2.5)	13.5	(8.2–21.6)	13.2	(5.4–29.1)	1.9	(0.9–3.9)	13.0	(7.1–22.5)	0.4	(0.1–1.8)
Palm Beach County, FL	2.2	(1.4–3.4)	5.9	(4.1–8.2)	4.4	(3.3–5.9)	1.6	(1.1–2.5)	17.4	(12.1–24.4)	13.9	(7.8–23.6)	3.0	(1.9–4.9)	19.6	(13.3–27.8)	0.2	(0.0–0.7)
Philadelphia, PA	0.7	(0.3–1.8)	5.6	(2.4–12.4)	3.2	(1.5–6.8)	1.8	(0.7–4.9)	7.4	(3.4–15.2)	19.1	(5.4–49.3)	1.5	(0.6–4.0)	14.5	(6.5–29.5)	0.0	—
San Diego, CA	0.5	(0.2–1.2)	2.4	(1.3–4.4)	1.6	(0.9–2.7)	1.1	(0.5–2.0)	3.0	(1.4–6.0)	7.6	(2.6–20.3)	1.1	(0.6–2.1)	4.7	(1.9–11.5)	0.5	(0.1–1.8)
San Francisco, CA	1.8	(1.0–3.0)	3.5	(2.5–5.0)	3.0	(2.2–3.9)	2.1	(1.5–3.0)	5.6	(2.9–10.6)	9.9	(5.3–17.8)	3.2	(2.1–4.9)	13.3	(8.2–21.1)	0.2	(0.1–0.7)
Shelby County, TN	3.4	(2.1–5.3)	7.8	(5.5–11.0)	6.3	(4.6–8.6)	2.9	(1.9–4.4)	17.0	(11.4–24.6)	23.4	(14.4–35.7)	3.9	(2.5–6.0)	16.9	(11.6–23.9)	0.1	(0.0–0.4)
Median	1.7		5.7		3.8		2.0		10.2		10.0		3.1		13.3		0.2
Range	0.3–3.7		2.2–11.4		1.3–7.6		1.0–4.0		1.4–17.4		0.0–23.4		0.8–5.1		2.7–19.6		0.0–1.0

* Also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 120. Percentage of high school students who ever used methamphetamines,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	1.4	(1.0–2.0)	3.4	(2.8–4.1)	2.5	(2.0–3.0)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	1.0	(0.5–1.9)	2.9	(2.3–3.7)	1.9	(1.5–2.5)
Black^§	1.5	(0.8–2.8)	3.5	(2.3–5.3)	2.6	(1.8–3.8)
Hispanic	1.7	(1.1–2.7)	4.0	(2.9–5.4)	2.9	(2.2–3.8)
Grade
9	1.2	(0.7–2.1)	2.5	(1.7–3.8)	1.9	(1.4–2.6)
10	1.0	(0.7–1.7)	3.5	(2.3–5.1)	2.3	(1.7–3.1)
11	1.3	(0.8–2.2)	3.2	(2.3–4.3)	2.4	(1.8–3.2)
12	2.0	(1.0–3.9)	4.3	(3.2–5.8)	3.2	(2.2–4.6)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	0.9	(0.6–1.4)	2.5	(2.0–3.2)	1.8	(1.4–2.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	3.9	(2.6–5.8)	12.4	(8.1–18.6)	6.1	(4.3–8.6)
Not sure	2.9	(1.0–8.1)	12.6	(7.1–21.3)	7.6	(4.6–12.3)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	1.1	(0.7–1.7)	4.2	(3.4–5.3)	2.8	(2.2–3.6)
Same sex only or both sexes	6.8	(4.1–11.1)	14.3	(9.0–21.9)	8.7	(6.2–12.1)
No sexual contact	0.5	(0.3–0.8)	0.8	(0.4–1.5)	0.6	(0.4–1.0)

* Also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 121. Percentage of high school students who ever used methamphetamines,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	2.2	(1.0–4.6)	3.6	(2.2–5.7)	3.0	(2.0–4.4)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	1.9	(0.9–3.9)	2.5	(1.1–5.5)	2.3	(1.3–4.2)	1.4	(0.9–2.1)	7.2	(3.0–16.4)	3.2	(0.5–19.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	5.3	(3.5–8.0)	8.5	(6.9–10.4)	7.5	(6.0–9.2)	4.3	(3.5–5.3)	17.4	(10.7–26.9)	26.5	(12.2–48.3)	5.9	(4.3–8.2)	15.0	(7.5–27.8)	0.5	(0.2–1.5)
California	1.3	(0.6–2.7)	3.2	(1.9–5.2)	2.5	(1.5–4.1)	2.4	(1.5–4.0)	1.8	(0.5–5.9)	4.2	(0.8–18.4)	3.3	(1.8–5.9)	8.1	(3.7–17.0)	0.2	(0.0–1.4)
Colorado	2.0	(1.2–3.2)	2.3	(1.2–4.2)	2.1	(1.5–3.1)	1.9	(1.2–3.1)	3.1	(1.2–7.9)	4.9	(1.6–13.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	1.3	(0.8–2.3)	4.3	(3.2–5.9)	2.9	(2.2–3.8)	1.5	(1.0–2.3)	8.9	(5.4–14.3)	7.2	(3.2–15.6)	2.4	(1.5–3.6)	8.9	(5.0–15.3)	0.2	(0.0–1.0)
Delaware	0.9	(0.4–1.8)	2.4	(1.5–4.0)	1.7	(1.1–2.5)	1.2	(0.6–2.0)	4.2	(1.9–9.0)	10.4	(3.6–26.2)	1.5	(0.9–2.7)	11.0	(5.8–20.0)	0.0	—
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	2.2	(1.4–3.4)	6.6	(4.8–9.1)	4.8	(3.5–6.4)	2.6	(1.8–3.6)	14.2	(10.0–19.8)	8.2	(5.3–12.5)	3.8	(2.7–5.4)	16.4	(10.8–24.1)	0.6	(0.3–1.3)
Idaho	1.9	(0.9–3.8)	2.6	(1.6–4.2)	2.3	(1.5–3.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	2.5	(1.6–4.0)	4.5	(3.4–5.9)	3.7	(2.7–5.0)	2.0	(1.2–3.1)	9.5	(6.1–14.4)	8.2	(4.1–15.8)	3.2	(2.1–5.0)	18.0	(13.5–23.6)	0.3	(0.1–1.0)
Iowa	1.2	(0.4–3.5)	2.7	(1.5–4.6)	2.3	(1.5–3.5)	1.3	(0.8–2.1)	7.8	(3.9–15.1)	8.2	(2.5–24.1)	2.2	(1.2–4.1)	6.2	(4.3–8.8)	0.0	—
Kansas	1.8	(1.1–2.9)	3.7	(2.6–5.2)	2.8	(2.0–3.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Louisiana	6.9	(3.8–12.1)	13.1	(9.8–17.4)	10.5	(7.7–14.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	2.6	(2.3–2.9)	5.6	(5.2–6.1)	4.6	(4.2–4.9)	2.3	(2.0–2.5)	12.7	(11.5–14.1)	11.4	(9.6–13.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	0.5	(0.2–1.3)	2.8	(1.9–4.3)	1.7	(1.1–2.6)	1.4	(0.9–2.1)	3.0	(1.6–5.6)	4.4	(1.6–11.8)	1.7	(1.0–2.9)	6.1	(3.3–11.0)	0.1	(0.0–0.6)
Michigan	1.1	(0.5–2.4)	3.7	(2.4–5.5)	2.6	(1.7–3.8)	0.9	(0.4–1.8)	10.3	(6.1–16.8)	13.3	(8.1–21.0)	1.8	(1.1–3.1)	13.5	(7.0–24.4)	0.1	(0.0–0.8)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	1.9	(1.4–2.6)	2.3	(1.7–3.0)	2.2	(1.8–2.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	1.3	(0.6–2.6)	3.9	(2.1–7.1)	3.0	(1.8–5.0)	1.3	(0.6–2.7)	17.9	(9.3–31.7)	7.3	(2.5–19.3)	3.2	(1.6–6.6)	15.0	(8.1–26.3)	0.0	—
Nevada	2.5	(1.4–4.4)	2.8	(2.1–3.7)	3.2	(2.3–4.4)	2.1	(1.5–2.8)	7.7	(4.0–14.3)	6.7	(1.7–23.2)	2.7	(1.7–4.2)	10.8	(5.2–21.2)	0.6	(0.2–1.7)
New Hampshire	0.8	(0.6–1.2)	2.5	(2.0–3.1)	1.8	(1.5–2.1)	1.2	(1.0–1.5)	3.4	(2.4–4.9)	8.7	(6.3–12.0)	1.8	(1.4–2.2)	10.9	(8.2–14.2)	0.3	(0.1–0.5)
New Mexico	2.9	(1.9–4.5)	5.1	(3.8–6.6)	4.1	(3.1–5.4)	2.3	(1.8–3.1)	11.5	(7.7–16.9)	15.0	(11.3–19.5)	4.1	(2.9–5.7)	21.0	(16.3–26.5)	0.6	(0.3–0.9)
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	1.7	(1.0–2.7)	3.3	(2.3–4.7)	2.6	(2.0–3.5)	1.7	(1.1–2.5)	7.5	(4.0–13.7)	8.4	(3.8–17.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	2.6	(1.6–4.1)	2.4	(1.4–4.3)	2.5	(1.7–3.7)	1.7	(1.1–2.7)	9.3	(5.0–16.7)	3.5	(0.7–15.0)	2.9	(1.7–4.6)	14.8	(8.5–24.5)	0.1	(0.0–0.7)
Pennsylvania	1.3	(0.7–2.5)	3.4	(2.4–4.9)	2.5	(1.7–3.5)	1.7	(1.2–2.5)	5.8	(3.2–10.4)	5.2	(2.4–10.9)	2.7	(1.6–4.5)	6.5	(3.8–11.1)	0.2	(0.1–0.7)
Rhode Island	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
South Carolina	2.9	(1.4–6.0)	5.3	(3.5–8.1)	4.8	(3.5–6.4)	2.7	(1.8–4.2)	12.0	(7.8–18.0)	13.1	(6.2–25.6)	3.1	(1.8–5.2)	14.9	(9.8–22.0)	1.1	(0.2–5.7)
Tennessee	1.0	(0.5–1.9)	3.7	(2.3–5.8)	2.7	(1.9–3.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	1.5	(0.9–2.6)	4.2	(2.8–6.4)	3.1	(2.0–4.8)	2.4	(1.5–3.9)	6.3	(3.1–12.5)	4.7	(1.9–11.4)	3.9	(2.2–6.8)	8.1	(4.8–13.4)	0.3	(0.1–1.1)
Utah	1.4	(0.7–2.5)	2.3	(1.4–3.8)	1.9	(1.2–3.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	1.4	(1.1–1.6)	2.7	(2.4–3.1)	2.2	(2.0–2.4)	1.6	(1.4–1.8)	4.3	(3.5–5.3)	8.1	(6.5–10.1)	2.4	(2.1–2.7)	9.8	(8.3–11.6)	0.2	(0.1–0.3)
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	2.4	(1.4–4.1)	6.2	(4.4–8.6)	4.6	(3.2–6.6)	3.5	(2.4–5.0)	11.3	(5.3–22.2)	8.2	(3.7–17.3)	4.7	(3.1–7.2)	13.6	(6.9–25.0)	0.2	(0.0–1.5)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	1.8		3.5		2.6		1.7		7.8		8.2		2.9		11.0		0.2
Range	0.5–6.9		2.3–13.1		1.7–10.5		0.9–4.3		1.8–17.9		3.2–26.5		1.5–5.9		6.1–21.0		0.0–1.1
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	4.0	(2.4–6.7)	9.8	(6.5–14.4)	7.1	(5.0–10.1)	4.1	(2.4–6.9)	16.3	(10.0–25.2)	5.3	(1.1–22.3)	3.7	(1.6–8.0)	20.5	(11.1–34.8)	0.3	(0.0–2.4)
Boston, MA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Broward County, FL	0.6	(0.2–2.0)	5.5	(3.0–10.0)	3.1	(1.7–5.6)	2.0	(0.9–4.3)	8.5	(3.8–17.8)	4.3	(1.4–12.3)	2.7	(1.1–6.5)	6.8	(3.0–14.6)	0.3	(0.0–2.6)
Chicago, IL	3.0	(1.4–6.3)	5.8	(4.0–8.4)	4.7	(3.0–7.4)	2.4	(1.5–4.0)	10.5	(4.7–21.9)	14.0	(6.9–26.4)	3.5	(1.9–6.5)	15.3	(9.7–23.3)	0.2	(0.0–1.3)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Detroit, MI	2.4	(1.4–4.1)	6.1	(3.9–9.5)	4.4	(3.0–6.4)	2.8	(1.7–4.5)	10.7	(6.0–18.6)	8.4	(3.3–19.7)	4.5	(2.6–7.6)	8.4	(4.9–14.1)	0.8	(0.3–1.8)
District of Columbia	3.5	(2.9–4.2)	7.9	(7.0–9.0)	6.3	(5.7–6.9)	4.9	(4.3–5.5)	10.4	(8.6–12.6)	10.2	(7.2–14.2)	3.9	(3.2–4.8)	13.6	(11.2–16.3)	0.5	(0.3–0.9)
Duval County, FL	3.1	(2.2–4.3)	6.9	(5.5–8.7)	5.5	(4.5–6.8)	1.8	(1.3–2.5)	14.8	(10.8–20.0)	16.2	(10.6–24.0)	3.8	(2.8–5.1)	12.1	(9.1–15.9)	0.2	(0.0–0.7)
Ft. Worth, TX	2.3	(1.6–3.1)	3.0	(2.2–4.1)	2.9	(2.2–3.7)	1.5	(1.1–2.1)	11.1	(7.7–15.9)	5.2	(2.4–10.7)	2.8	(1.9–4.1)	12.3	(8.2–18.0)	0.5	(0.2–1.1)
Houston, TX	3.0	(2.2–4.2)	6.2	(4.7–8.1)	5.1	(4.0–6.3)	2.5	(1.8–3.3)	15.2	(11.3–20.0)	14.9	(9.0–23.6)	4.9	(3.5–6.7)	15.7	(11.0–21.9)	0.2	(0.1–0.6)
Los Angeles, CA	2.7	(1.3–5.5)	2.5	(1.4–4.4)	2.7	(1.7–4.5)	2.2	(1.4–3.6)	7.9	(3.1–19.0)	4.5	(0.9–18.9)	3.4	(2.3–5.1)	11.9	(4.6–27.3)	0.5	(0.1–2.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL	1.9	(1.2–3.0)	5.8	(4.0–8.3)	4.2	(2.9–6.1)	2.1	(1.4–3.1)	13.7	(8.6–21.1)	16.5	(9.6–27.0)	4.0	(2.6–6.2)	13.5	(7.0–24.4)	0.1	(0.0–1.1)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	2.0	(1.3–3.1)	5.5	(3.8–8.1)	4.1	(3.0–5.6)	3.7	(2.6–5.4)	5.9	(3.3–10.4)	6.2	(2.8–13.1)	6.0	(4.2–8.3)	10.9	(6.6–17.7)	0.1	(0.0–0.8)
Orange County, FL	1.5	(0.8–3.1)	4.4	(2.7–7.1)	3.6	(2.3–5.5)	1.5	(0.9–2.7)	12.9	(7.6–21.0)	8.6	(3.3–20.6)	2.3	(1.1–4.7)	11.5	(6.7–19.1)	0.6	(0.2–2.0)
Palm Beach County, FL	2.9	(1.9–4.4)	5.0	(3.6–6.8)	4.2	(3.2–5.6)	1.6	(1.1–2.4)	16.5	(11.9–22.4)	14.9	(8.5–24.6)	3.0	(1.9–4.6)	18.1	(11.8–26.7)	0.4	(0.1–1.4)
Philadelphia, PA	0.3	(0.1–0.9)	4.5	(2.8–7.3)	2.4	(1.5–3.9)	1.6	(0.7–3.4)	6.2	(2.4–15.1)	7.8	(2.4–22.3)	1.2	(0.4–3.6)	8.9	(3.8–19.4)	0.0	—
San Diego, CA	1.4	(0.8–2.4)	2.5	(1.7–3.8)	2.0	(1.5–2.8)	1.8	(1.3–2.6)	2.8	(1.3–5.8)	3.9	(1.5–10.1)	1.8	(1.1–2.9)	7.7	(3.8–14.9)	0.3	(0.1–1.5)
San Francisco, CA	2.2	(1.5–3.2)	4.1	(3.0–5.6)	3.5	(2.8–4.4)	2.6	(1.9–3.6)	8.1	(4.6–13.8)	9.1	(5.1–15.9)	4.3	(3.0–6.3)	17.7	(11.5–26.2)	0.2	(0.1–0.6)
Shelby County, TN	3.3	(2.3–4.6)	8.1	(6.1–10.8)	6.2	(4.9–7.7)	3.0	(2.3–4.1)	15.5	(10.7–21.9)	18.0	(10.3–29.6)	3.5	(2.4–5.0)	17.7	(12.4–24.5)	0.0	—
Median	2.4		5.5		4.2		2.2		10.7		8.6		3.5		12.3		0.3
Range	0.3–4.0		2.5–9.8		2.0–7.1		1.5–4.9		2.8–16.5		3.9–18.0		1.2–6.0		6.8–20.5		0.0–0.8

* Also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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**TABLE 122. Percentage of high school students who ever used ecstasy,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	2.9	(2.3–3.6)	5.0	(4.2–5.9)	4.0	(3.4–4.7)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	2.8	(2.0–3.8)	4.1	(3.4–4.9)	3.4	(2.8–4.2)
Black^§	1.7	(0.9–3.4)	4.1	(2.8–6.0)	3.0	(2.1–4.4)
Hispanic	3.5	(2.6–4.6)	6.6	(5.0–8.7)	5.1	(4.0–6.4)
Grade
9	1.6	(1.0–2.6)	3.5	(2.4–5.1)	2.5	(1.9–3.4)
10	1.7	(1.1–2.5)	4.2	(2.9–6.1)	2.9	(2.2–3.9)
11	3.4	(2.5–4.6)	5.2	(4.0–6.7)	4.4	(3.5–5.5)
12	5.1	(3.6–7.4)	6.9	(5.2–9.2)	6.0	(4.7–7.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	2.3	(1.7–3.1)	4.2	(3.4–5.2)	3.3	(2.7–4.1)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	6.4	(4.7–8.5)	15.0	(9.5–22.9)	8.8	(6.5–11.7)
Not sure	4.9	(2.3–10.0)	11.2	(6.4–18.7)	8.1	(5.2–12.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	3.7	(2.8–5.0)	7.4	(6.1–8.9)	5.7	(4.8–6.8)
Same sex only or both sexes	12.7	(9.9–16.2)	19.0	(11.8–29.1)	14.3	(11.4–17.7)
No sexual contact	0.4	(0.2–0.8)	0.8	(0.4–1.6)	0.6	(0.3–1.0)

* Also called “MDMA,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 123. Percentage of high school students who ever used ecstasy,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	2.8	(1.6–4.8)	4.9	(3.4–7.1)	3.9	(2.8–5.4)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	10.7	(3.7–27.4)	14.9	(8.2–25.6)	13.0	(6.2–25.2)	9.4	(3.9–20.8)	31.5	(19.1–47.3)	14.0	(7.8–23.9)	9.6	(5.5–16.2)	32.8	(18.0–52.0)	0.5	(0.1–1.6)
California	2.9	(1.7–4.9)	5.0	(3.0–8.1)	4.1	(2.8–6.1)	3.7	(2.4–5.7)	7.1	(3.3–14.6)	7.6	(1.8–26.6)	6.3	(4.1–9.6)	13.8	(7.3–24.5)	0.8	(0.3–1.9)
Colorado	4.9	(3.5–6.8)	4.3	(2.8–6.8)	4.7	(3.6–6.0)	4.1	(2.8–5.8)	11.1	(5.9–19.9)	11.2	(6.0–20.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	1.7	(1.0–2.8)	5.0	(3.7–6.8)	3.3	(2.5–4.5)	1.7	(1.2–2.4)	11.5	(7.2–17.9)	8.7	(3.4–20.2)	3.5	(2.4–5.0)	15.2	(9.0–24.5)	0.1	(0.0–1.0)
Delaware	2.2	(1.3–3.7)	3.7	(2.6–5.4)	3.0	(2.2–4.0)	2.3	(1.5–3.4)	7.1	(3.7–13.3)	12.7	(5.2–27.8)	3.6	(2.5–5.1)	13.6	(7.6–23.0)	0.1	(0.0–0.3)
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	4.4	(3.7–5.3)	7.0	(5.2–9.4)	6.0	(5.0–7.1)	4.2	(3.5–5.2)	14.8	(11.8–18.5)	7.3	(4.8–10.9)	8.3	(6.9–10.0)	19.2	(13.8–26.0)	0.8	(0.5–1.5)
Idaho	2.9	(1.9–4.6)	4.5	(3.0–6.6)	3.8	(2.7–5.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	4.8	(3.2–7.3)	5.7	(4.5–7.2)	5.3	(4.1–6.9)	3.4	(2.6–4.6)	14.3	(9.2–21.5)	7.5	(3.3–16.1)	6.1	(4.5–8.2)	23.0	(18.3–28.5)	0.6	(0.2–1.5)
Iowa	3.1	(1.4–6.6)	4.3	(2.0–9.0)	4.1	(2.6–6.2)	2.2	(1.3–3.7)	15.1	(7.3–28.6)	14.0	(4.3–36.9)	3.6	(2.1–6.1)	16.8	(5.3–42.1)	0.0	—
Kansas	2.0	(1.3–3.0)	4.4	(3.2–6.0)	3.2	(2.4–4.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	2.8	(1.9–3.9)	4.8	(3.4–6.9)	4.2	(3.2–5.4)	2.8	(2.0–3.8)	12.9	(7.7–20.8)	7.7	(5.7–10.3)	4.6	(3.1–6.6)	13.7	(7.6–23.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.5)
Louisiana	6.3	(3.7–10.5)	13.1	(9.9–17.3)	10.0	(7.6–13.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	3.6	(3.2–3.9)	6.7	(6.2–7.2)	5.5	(5.2–5.9)	3.0	(2.8–3.2)	15.1	(13.6–16.7)	12.9	(11.0–15.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	1.7	(1.1–2.6)	3.8	(2.6–5.6)	2.8	(2.1–3.8)	2.1	(1.5–2.8)	6.0	(3.2–10.9)	7.3	(3.3–15.5)	3.8	(2.7–5.3)	7.7	(4.4–13.0)	0.1	(0.0–0.6)
Michigan	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	3.9	(3.2–4.8)	4.9	(3.7–6.5)	4.5	(3.7–5.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	2.0	(1.0–4.0)	5.1	(3.2–8.0)	3.9	(2.6–5.9)	2.2	(1.2–3.9)	16.1	(9.9–25.1)	13.6	(6.6–25.9)	5.6	(3.2–9.7)	12.8	(6.8–22.8)	0.4	(0.1–2.1)
Nevada	5.1	(3.4–7.6)	6.2	(4.9–7.9)	6.1	(4.9–7.5)	4.7	(3.7–6.1)	9.4	(5.8–15.1)	18.3	(9.8–31.7)	9.0	(7.1–11.3)	15.5	(10.2–22.9)	0.9	(0.4–2.1)
New Hampshire	1.9	(1.5–2.3)	3.8	(3.3–4.5)	3.0	(2.6–3.5)	2.3	(1.9–2.7)	6.4	(4.9–8.2)	9.6	(7.1–13.0)	3.8	(3.2–4.5)	15.8	(12.6–19.6)	0.3	(0.1–0.5)
New Mexico	5.7	(3.6–8.9)	8.3	(6.3–10.9)	7.1	(5.2–9.6)	5.0	(3.5–7.0)	17.8	(13.2–23.5)	17.2	(11.7–24.5)	9.7	(7.0–13.3)	25.7	(20.7–31.5)	1.2	(0.9–1.7)
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	3.8	(1.9–7.4)	5.3	(3.4–8.2)	4.5	(3.0–6.7)	3.3	(2.2–4.9)	17.8	(8.4–33.8)	1.1	(0.1–8.0)	5.9	(4.0–8.6)	25.0	(12.0–44.8)	0.0	—
Pennsylvania	2.6	(1.5–4.3)	5.2	(4.0–6.8)	4.1	(3.1–5.3)	3.1	(2.4–4.0)	10.0	(6.0–16.3)	6.4	(3.5–11.6)	5.7	(4.4–7.3)	13.7	(8.3–21.6)	0.2	(0.1–0.6)
Rhode Island	1.8	(0.9–3.7)	5.1	(3.6–7.4)	3.9	(2.7–5.5)	2.8	(1.7–4.4)	6.2	(3.0–12.3)	13.5	(6.9–24.7)	4.8	(2.9–7.7)	11.1	(6.3–18.9)	0.0	—
South Carolina	5.1	(3.0–8.6)	6.8	(5.0–9.1)	6.4	(4.8–8.6)	3.8	(2.4–5.8)	16.2	(12.3–21.1)	19.8	(10.3–34.6)	4.9	(3.2–7.5)	22.6	(15.7–31.4)	1.7	(0.5–5.4)
Tennessee	2.3	(1.3–3.9)	4.8	(3.4–6.8)	3.9	(2.9–5.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	3.9	(2.4–6.3)	6.6	(4.8–8.9)	5.5	(4.1–7.3)	4.2	(3.2–5.5)	11.9	(6.3–21.1)	7.8	(2.7–20.6)	7.8	(5.7–10.5)	12.5	(7.1–21.2)	0.5	(0.2–1.3)
Utah	2.3	(1.3–3.9)	4.4	(2.8–6.8)	3.5	(2.4–5.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	3.1	(2.0–4.8)	4.5	(3.1–6.5)	4.3	(2.9–6.3)	2.8	(2.1–3.8)	15.5	(8.2–27.4)	10.5	(5.0–20.5)	5.0	(3.5–7.2)	11.6	(6.3–20.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.5)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	3.0		5.0		4.1		3.1		12.9		10.5		5.6		15.2		0.3
Range	1.7–10.7		3.7–14.9		2.8–13.0		1.7–9.4		6.0–31.5		1.1–19.8		3.5–9.7		7.7–32.8		0.0–1.7
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	4.3	(2.5–7.4)	9.5	(6.2–14.2)	7.1	(4.9–10.0)	4.6	(2.8–7.6)	13.4	(8.1–21.4)	9.3	(3.0–25.0)	4.4	(2.1–8.9)	15.8	(7.5–30.6)	0.0	—
Boston, MA	0.7	(0.3–1.6)	3.0	(2.1–4.3)	1.9	(1.4–2.5)	1.5	(0.9–2.3)	3.2	(1.4–7.3)	0.9	(0.2–3.8)	1.6	(0.9–2.7)	4.8	(2.3–9.8)	0.0	—
Broward County, FL	2.2	(0.8–5.9)	5.3	(2.9–9.5)	4.0	(2.3–6.8)	2.6	(1.2–5.4)	8.2	(3.6–17.3)	8.9	(4.5–17.2)	2.6	(1.0–6.6)	10.8	(5.0–22.0)	0.3	(0.0–2.6)
Chicago, IL	3.3	(1.5–7.0)	7.9	(5.6–11.0)	5.8	(3.8–8.8)	3.7	(2.2–6.4)	12.5	(6.6–22.5)	11.6	(5.3–23.7)	6.9	(4.2–10.9)	14.0	(8.9–21.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.0)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	1.7	(1.1–2.8)	6.0	(4.4–8.1)	3.9	(3.0–5.0)	2.5	(1.7–3.5)	8.2	(4.7–13.7)	7.2	(3.1–16.1)	3.7	(2.7–5.1)	13.0	(7.8–20.9)	1.2	(0.5–2.7)
Detroit, MI	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
District of Columbia	4.1	(3.4–4.9)	9.1	(8.1–10.3)	7.3	(6.6–8.0)	5.6	(5.0–6.3)	11.9	(9.8–14.2)	13.3	(9.8–17.8)	5.4	(4.6–6.4)	16.6	(14.0–19.6)	0.6	(0.3–1.0)
Duval County, FL	5.9	(4.7–7.5)	8.4	(6.7–10.4)	7.9	(6.6–9.4)	3.1	(2.4–4.0)	21.3	(16.7–26.9)	18.5	(12.6–26.2)	5.7	(4.4–7.3)	18.9	(14.6–24.1)	0.5	(0.2–1.1)
Ft. Worth, TX	3.0	(2.2–4.2)	4.2	(3.3–5.5)	3.8	(3.2–4.7)	2.5	(1.9–3.2)	12.1	(8.5–16.8)	9.5	(5.1–16.9)	5.0	(3.8–6.7)	16.7	(11.5–23.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.1)
Houston, TX	4.1	(3.1–5.3)	7.5	(6.0–9.4)	6.1	(5.0–7.3)	4.3	(3.5–5.3)	11.3	(8.2–15.4)	13.5	(8.1–21.7)	7.2	(5.7–9.1)	14.7	(9.8–21.6)	0.7	(0.4–1.3)
Los Angeles, CA	3.1	(1.9–5.0)	4.3	(2.6–7.2)	3.8	(2.4–6.1)	3.3	(2.0–5.4)	9.2	(3.8–20.7)	3.1	(0.7–13.8)	5.4	(3.1–9.2)	15.5	(7.7–28.8)	0.9	(0.4–2.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL	2.9	(2.1–4.0)	6.5	(4.7–8.9)	5.2	(4.0–6.6)	2.8	(2.2–3.7)	16.1	(11.0–22.9)	18.1	(10.6–29.2)	4.6	(3.4–6.3)	16.7	(10.9–24.7)	0.7	(0.3–1.8)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Orange County, FL	1.7	(0.9–3.2)	6.4	(4.2–9.6)	4.5	(3.1–6.5)	2.2	(1.3–3.8)	14.6	(9.5–21.7)	14.8	(6.6–29.9)	4.0	(2.4–6.4)	14.2	(8.6–22.5)	0.6	(0.2–2.1)
Palm Beach County, FL	3.4	(2.4–4.8)	6.9	(5.1–9.4)	5.4	(4.2–6.9)	2.9	(2.1–3.9)	17.3	(12.2–23.9)	14.7	(8.2–25.0)	5.1	(3.6–7.0)	20.3	(13.8–28.8)	0.6	(0.2–1.6)
Philadelphia, PA	1.4	(0.6–3.3)	6.2	(4.0–9.5)	3.8	(2.3–6.3)	2.2	(1.2–3.8)	10.4	(5.5–18.7)	17.9	(6.8–39.4)	2.9	(1.4–6.0)	17.8	(9.1–31.8)	0.3	(0.1–1.2)
San Diego, CA	3.2	(2.2–4.6)	5.4	(4.0–7.4)	4.4	(3.4–5.7)	3.9	(3.0–5.1)	7.1	(3.9–12.4)	8.2	(3.1–19.9)	6.0	(4.5–7.9)	13.2	(8.1–20.9)	0.4	(0.2–1.0)
San Francisco, CA	3.7	(2.7–5.1)	5.9	(4.4–7.9)	5.1	(4.1–6.4)	4.1	(3.1–5.3)	11.7	(7.5–17.7)	8.6	(5.0–14.5)	7.3	(5.5–9.6)	22.0	(14.7–31.7)	0.5	(0.3–1.1)
Shelby County, TN	3.2	(2.0–5.1)	8.0	(5.9–10.9)	6.1	(4.6–8.1)	3.0	(2.3–4.0)	16.8	(11.6–23.7)	17.3	(8.9–31.1)	3.8	(2.6–5.4)	13.8	(9.2–20.3)	1.1	(0.4–2.9)
Median	3.2		6.4		5.1		3.0		11.9		11.6		5.0		15.5		0.5
Range	0.7–5.9		3.0–9.5		1.9–7.9		1.5–5.6		3.2–21.3		0.9–18.5		1.6–7.3		4.8–22.0		0.0–1.2

* Also called “MDMA,” one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 124. Percentage of high school students who ever used hallucinogenic drugs,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	5.5	(4.6–6.7)	7.6	(6.7–8.6)	6.6	(5.7–7.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	6.4	(5.1–8.2)	7.9	(6.6–9.5)	7.2	(6.0–8.5)
Black^§	1.4	(0.7–2.8)	4.8	(3.2–7.2)	3.3	(2.3–4.6)
Hispanic	5.8	(4.4–7.7)	8.2	(6.3–10.4)	7.1	(5.6–8.8)
Grade
9	3.7	(2.5–5.5)	4.4	(3.2–5.8)	4.0	(3.1–5.2)
10	4.0	(3.1–5.1)	7.0	(5.1–9.4)	5.4	(4.4–6.8)
11	7.0	(5.3–9.2)	8.8	(7.3–10.5)	8.0	(6.6–9.5)
12	7.6	(5.2–11.2)	10.7	(8.4–13.7)	9.2	(7.1–11.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	4.3	(3.5–5.2)	7.0	(6.0–8.1)	5.7	(5.0–6.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	10.9	(8.4–14.0)	15.3	(10.2–22.4)	11.9	(9.6–14.8)
Not sure	8.9	(4.4–17.2)	14.2	(8.1–23.8)	12.0	(8.0–17.7)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	7.3	(6.1–8.7)	12.1	(10.5–13.9)	9.9	(8.7–11.3)
Same sex only or both sexes	20.3	(15.6–26.0)	22.3	(16.1–30.0)	20.8	(16.8–25.5)
No sexual contact	1.1	(0.6–1.8)	1.5	(1.0–2.4)	1.3	(0.9–1.9)

* Such as LSD, acid, PCP, angel dust, mescaline, or mushrooms, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 125. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	2.4	(1.9–3.0)	3.3	(2.7–4.0)	2.9	(2.5–3.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	1.8	(1.1–2.7)	2.7	(1.9–3.7)	2.2	(1.7–3.0)
Black^§	2.6	(1.4–4.8)	4.6	(3.0–7.0)	3.6	(2.5–5.2)
Hispanic	3.1	(2.0–4.7)	3.8	(3.1–4.7)	3.5	(2.8–4.3)
Grade
9	2.8	(1.9–4.0)	2.4	(1.6–3.4)	2.6	(1.9–3.4)
10	2.1	(1.3–3.3)	3.8	(2.4–5.8)	2.9	(2.1–3.9)
11	2.3	(1.5–3.4)	3.1	(2.2–4.3)	2.8	(2.2–3.5)
12	2.2	(1.2–3.7)	3.8	(2.9–5.1)	3.0	(2.3–3.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	1.8	(1.3–2.5)	2.8	(2.2–3.4)	2.3	(1.9–2.8)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	4.8	(3.1–7.3)	9.8	(6.0–15.8)	6.1	(4.4–8.2)
Not sure	4.3	(1.8–9.7)	7.7	(4.2–13.9)	6.5	(3.8–10.8)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	2.6	(1.9–3.5)	4.9	(4.0–6.1)	3.9	(3.1–4.7)
Same sex only or both sexes	7.2	(5.2–9.9)	10.1	(5.5–17.8)	8.0	(5.8–10.9)
No sexual contact	1.0	(0.6–1.8)	0.5	(0.2–0.8)	0.7	(0.5–1.1)

* Pills or shots, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 126. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	4.0	(2.4–6.6)	4.2	(2.4–7.3)	4.1	(2.7–6.3)	3.1	(2.1–4.5)	10.2	(5.4–18.3)	5.2	(0.9–25.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	6.7	(4.3–10.4)	7.1	(5.1–9.7)	7.5	(6.0–9.2)	3.8	(2.6–5.6)	19.2	(13.8–26.1)	21.4	(10.9–37.5)	5.4	(3.9–7.5)	11.0	(4.5–24.4)	1.2	(0.5–2.5)
California	2.1	(1.3–3.4)	3.2	(1.7–6.2)	3.0	(1.7–5.2)	2.4	(1.4–4.1)	6.4	(2.8–13.7)	5.5	(1.6–17.8)	3.7	(1.8–7.3)	6.4	(2.1–18.1)	0.8	(0.3–1.9)
Colorado	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Delaware	1.8	(1.0–3.2)	2.8	(1.7–4.8)	2.3	(1.5–3.6)	2.1	(1.1–3.7)	2.9	(1.3–6.7)	10.6	(3.9–26.1)	2.7	(1.6–4.8)	10.4	(5.3–19.2)	0.0	—
Florida	2.5	(1.8–3.3)	4.7	(3.8–5.8)	3.7	(3.0–4.4)	2.6	(2.0–3.3)	8.1	(5.8–11.1)	10.7	(7.9–14.5)	4.1	(3.2–5.2)	12.7	(9.3–17.2)	0.6	(0.3–0.9)
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	2.6	(1.6–4.2)	3.0	(2.0–4.6)	2.8	(2.0–4.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	2.7	(1.9–3.9)	5.4	(3.8–7.8)	4.4	(3.3–5.8)	2.7	(1.7–4.2)	10.0	(6.6–15.0)	7.7	(3.2–17.4)	4.6	(2.8–7.3)	18.0	(13.1–24.4)	0.5	(0.2–1.3)
Iowa	2.2	(1.3–3.7)	4.0	(2.2–7.2)	3.5	(2.5–4.8)	1.9	(1.2–2.8)	9.9	(5.3–17.7)	12.3	(4.1–31.4)	3.2	(2.0–5.0)	9.0	(4.3–18.1)	0.0	—
Kansas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	2.2	(1.2–4.2)	4.2	(2.8–6.3)	3.6	(2.5–5.2)	2.8	(1.9–4.2)	8.6	(4.7–15.4)	6.1	(3.1–11.6)	3.4	(2.1–5.7)	9.6	(5.3–16.7)	0.5	(0.2–1.7)
Louisiana	6.1	(3.3–11.2)	11.2	(7.5–16.6)	9.2	(6.0–14.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	2.6	(1.5–4.4)	4.5	(3.0–6.6)	3.7	(2.6–5.2)	1.8	(1.1–2.9)	11.2	(5.8–20.6)	16.9	(9.5–28.5)	3.0	(1.7–5.2)	19.6	(11.4–31.6)	0.7	(0.1–3.3)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	1.8	(1.3–2.5)	2.3	(1.7–3.0)	2.1	(1.7–2.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	2.0	(1.0–3.9)	4.4	(2.4–7.9)	3.5	(2.2–5.5)	1.6	(0.8–3.0)	16.0	(8.6–27.8)	15.3	(8.4–26.4)	3.7	(2.0–6.9)	12.7	(6.4–23.6)	1.0	(0.4–2.7)
Nevada	2.1	(1.3–3.6)	1.7	(1.1–2.6)	2.1	(1.5–3.1)	1.3	(0.8–2.1)	5.0	(2.8–8.8)	6.3	(1.7–21.4)	2.3	(1.3–4.2)	4.3	(1.3–12.8)	0.8	(0.4–1.7)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	3.2	(1.5–7.0)	3.7	(2.0–6.7)	3.4	(2.0–5.9)	2.6	(1.6–4.4)	8.8	(3.0–22.8)	10.0	(3.4–26.0)	4.3	(2.6–7.3)	16.2	(6.6–34.5)	0.5	(0.2–1.3)
Pennsylvania	1.4	(0.8–2.5)	3.7	(2.4–5.6)	2.7	(1.9–3.9)	1.9	(1.4–2.7)	8.0	(4.3–14.5)	3.7	(1.5–9.1)	3.0	(1.9–4.5)	10.8	(6.4–17.7)	0.3	(0.1–0.9)
Rhode Island	2.7	(1.4–5.0)	5.5	(3.7–8.1)	4.6	(3.1–6.7)	3.2	(2.1–5.0)	9.1	(4.3–18.2)	13.2	(6.8–23.9)	5.4	(3.1–9.3)	13.3	(6.7–24.9)	0.1	(0.0–0.7)
South Carolina	4.4	(2.9–6.5)	5.1	(3.3–7.9)	5.2	(3.9–7.0)	2.4	(1.5–3.7)	16.9	(11.9–23.4)	14.7	(6.5–29.9)	3.1	(1.5–6.2)	19.3	(13.6–26.6)	1.5	(0.7–3.1)
Tennessee	1.5	(0.9–2.5)	4.1	(2.6–6.3)	3.1	(2.3–4.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	2.3	(1.4–3.8)	4.9	(3.4–6.9)	3.8	(2.7–5.4)	2.9	(2.0–4.3)	7.2	(3.4–14.9)	6.2	(2.3–15.3)	4.4	(2.9–6.4)	8.9	(4.0–18.7)	0.7	(0.3–1.6)
Utah	2.1	(1.1–4.0)	3.0	(1.9–4.6)	2.7	(1.7–4.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	1.5	(0.8–2.9)	5.3	(3.8–7.4)	3.7	(2.7–5.1)	2.6	(1.7–3.9)	10.4	(5.5–18.9)	7.1	(2.6–17.7)	3.9	(2.3–6.6)	8.2	(3.8–16.6)	1.1	(0.5–2.1)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	2.2		4.2		3.5		2.6		9.1		10.0		3.7		10.9		0.6
Range	1.4–6.7		1.7–11.2		2.1–9.2		1.3–3.8		2.9–19.2		3.7–21.4		2.3–5.4		4.3–19.6		0.0–1.5
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	4.1	(2.3–7.2)	10.0	(5.6–17.2)	7.5	(4.7–11.9)	4.6	(2.6–8.2)	15.5	(8.6–26.3)	9.4	(2.9–26.4)	5.3	(2.6–10.6)	18.8	(9.1–34.7)	1.0	(0.5–2.3)
Boston, MA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Broward County, FL	1.8	(0.8–4.1)	5.4	(3.0–9.6)	4.0	(2.4–6.7)	2.7	(1.4–5.0)	8.3	(3.7–17.8)	7.8	(3.1–18.1)	3.0	(1.3–6.7)	7.2	(3.4–14.5)	0.1	(0.0–1.1)
Chicago, IL	3.7	(1.9–7.1)	6.8	(4.1–11.1)	5.7	(3.5–9.1)	2.9	(1.8–4.7)	14.7	(7.9–25.8)	16.2	(8.1–29.7)	4.6	(2.7–7.9)	17.5	(10.5–27.8)	0.3	(0.1–1.2)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Detroit, MI	2.8	(1.7–4.4)	6.9	(4.5–10.5)	4.9	(3.5–6.7)	2.7	(1.7–4.3)	10.5	(5.5–19.1)	20.0	(11.0–33.6)	4.7	(2.7–8.0)	12.2	(7.6–18.9)	0.6	(0.2–1.8)
District of Columbia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Duval County, FL	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ft. Worth, TX	3.4	(2.5–4.5)	2.7	(1.9–3.7)	3.3	(2.6–4.2)	2.0	(1.6–2.6)	10.8	(7.4–15.6)	8.8	(4.5–16.4)	3.1	(2.2–4.4)	13.1	(8.8–19.0)	0.7	(0.4–1.2)
Houston, TX	4.4	(3.3–6.0)	6.1	(4.8–7.8)	5.6	(4.6–6.8)	2.9	(2.3–3.8)	16.5	(12.2–22.0)	15.7	(9.5–24.8)	5.0	(3.8–6.6)	18.1	(12.4–25.6)	0.7	(0.3–1.3)
Los Angeles, CA	3.3	(1.9–5.9)	1.7	(1.0–3.0)	2.6	(1.7–3.9)	2.3	(1.6–3.5)	6.7	(2.3–18.1)	1.4	(0.1–11.4)	2.4	(1.2–4.6)	11.0	(4.9–22.9)	1.3	(0.6–2.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL	2.0	(1.3–3.1)	6.1	(4.3–8.4)	4.5	(3.3–6.1)	2.1	(1.4–3.1)	15.2	(10.1–22.2)	18.3	(11.5–27.8)	3.8	(2.6–5.5)	17.6	(10.8–27.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.1)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	2.5	(1.6–3.7)	5.0	(3.4–7.3)	4.0	(3.0–5.4)	3.6	(2.6–5.1)	4.9	(2.4–9.8)	7.5	(3.4–15.4)	5.0	(3.4–7.4)	9.8	(5.8–16.1)	0.4	(0.1–1.0)
Orange County, FL	2.9	(1.9–4.4)	5.3	(3.5–7.9)	4.8	(3.4–6.7)	2.0	(1.2–3.3)	16.5	(10.7–24.8)	12.8	(5.7–26.0)	4.0	(2.2–7.2)	15.8	(9.7–24.7)	0.7	(0.3–1.7)
Palm Beach County, FL	2.9	(2.0–4.2)	5.2	(3.6–7.4)	4.5	(3.3–5.9)	1.5	(1.1–2.3)	18.7	(13.8–25.0)	15.4	(8.9–25.3)	3.0	(1.9–4.8)	20.0	(13.9–28.1)	0.1	(0.0–0.5)
Philadelphia, PA	1.4	(0.6–3.0)	4.6	(2.5–8.4)	3.1	(1.9–5.0)	2.3	(1.1–4.7)	7.6	(3.7–14.9)	6.6	(1.6–23.2)	2.2	(1.0–4.8)	11.4	(5.0–23.8)	0.4	(0.1–1.4)
San Diego, CA	2.5	(1.8–3.5)	3.1	(1.9–5.2)	3.0	(2.2–4.1)	2.6	(1.8–3.7)	4.6	(2.6–8.0)	6.3	(2.4–15.2)	3.1	(2.1–4.5)	9.5	(5.4–16.4)	0.9	(0.4–2.1)
San Francisco, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shelby County, TN	3.9	(2.8–5.4)	9.4	(7.5–11.8)	7.3	(5.9–9.0)	4.1	(3.2–5.2)	16.9	(12.0–23.2)	20.7	(12.0–33.4)	5.8	(4.5–7.6)	16.1	(11.9–21.3)	1.2	(0.5–2.9)
Median	2.9		5.3		4.5		2.6		12.8		11.1		3.9		14.4		0.6
Range	1.4–4.4		1.7–10.0		2.6–7.5		1.5–4.6		4.6–18.7		1.4–20.7		2.2–5.8		7.2–20.0		0.1–1.3

* Pills or shots, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 127. Percentage of high school students who ever took prescription pain medicine without a doctor’s prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	14.4	(12.7–16.3)	13.4	(12.1–14.7)	14.0	(12.7–15.4)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	14.0	(11.5–16.8)	12.9	(11.1–14.9)	13.5	(11.8–15.4)
Black^§	12.5	(9.6–16.1)	11.9	(9.9–14.1)	12.3	(10.6–14.1)
Hispanic	16.1	(13.4–19.2)	14.0	(11.0–17.7)	15.1	(12.4–18.1)
Grade
9	12.1	(9.9–14.8)	9.7	(7.9–11.8)	10.9	(9.5–12.6)
10	13.3	(10.8–16.3)	12.2	(9.6–15.5)	12.8	(10.8–15.1)
11	16.4	(13.6–19.6)	14.3	(12.1–16.9)	15.4	(13.4–17.8)
12	16.2	(13.2–19.6)	17.7	(14.4–21.7)	17.0	(14.3–20.0)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	12.9	(11.3–14.6)	12.8	(11.3–14.5)	12.9	(11.6–14.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	23.8	(19.4–28.8)	25.4	(19.1–32.9)	24.3	(20.5–28.6)
Not sure	18.7	(12.7–26.9)	13.7	(8.2–21.9)	17.7	(13.4–23.1)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	18.9	(16.7–21.3)	20.8	(18.2–23.7)	19.9	(17.8–22.2)
Same sex only or both sexes	37.2	(31.8–42.9)	29.8	(22.2–38.7)	35.3	(30.9–39.9)
No sexual contact	6.9	(5.8–8.2)	4.4	(3.6–5.4)	5.7	(5.0–6.5)

* Counting drugs such as codeine, Vicodin, OxyContin, Hydrocodone, and Percocet, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 128. Percentage of high school students who ever took prescription pain medicine without a doctor’s prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	14.0	(11.3–17.2)	15.9	(13.0–19.3)	15.0	(12.9–17.3)	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	15.8	(13.2–18.7)	14.7	(12.3–17.6)	15.4	(13.5–17.4)	13.3	(11.4–15.5)	30.7	(22.8–40.0)	12.1	(5.1–25.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	20.5	(16.6–25.2)	17.3	(14.8–20.0)	19.3	(17.0–21.7)	15.8	(13.4–18.5)	34.9	(22.0–50.5)	26.9	(14.7–44.1)	22.4	(19.5–25.7)	40.4	(29.2–52.6)	5.0	(3.3–7.6)
California	13.1	(9.9–17.1)	12.0	(10.0–14.2)	12.9	(11.4–14.6)	11.8	(10.2–13.7)	22.0	(14.8–31.5)	12.6	(5.0–28.5)	18.0	(14.3–22.5)	33.5	(24.3–44.2)	5.1	(3.8–6.7)
Colorado	11.8	(9.4–14.7)	14.2	(11.9–17.0)	13.1	(11.0–15.4)	13.3	(11.2–15.8)	17.7	(10.1–29.2)	14.0	(8.8–21.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	10.1	(8.9–11.4)	10.1	(7.7–13.1)	10.1	(8.6–11.9)	7.7	(6.2–9.4)	22.4	(16.7–29.5)	17.1	(7.7–33.9)	11.9	(9.8–14.4)	32.6	(25.4–40.6)	2.6	(1.6–4.2)
Delaware	10.7	(8.5–13.2)	9.2	(7.5–11.2)	10.1	(8.8–11.6)	8.9	(7.5–10.6)	16.9	(11.7–23.7)	27.6	(16.7–42.2)	13.6	(11.4–16.2)	24.4	(17.4–33.0)	3.3	(2.2–5.0)
Florida	10.6	(9.2–12.1)	11.6	(10.2–13.2)	11.2	(10.1–12.4)	8.9	(7.9–10.0)	23.8	(20.5–27.4)	21.6	(16.0–28.5)	14.6	(12.7–16.8)	32.7	(29.1–36.6)	3.9	(3.2–4.7)
Hawaii	10.7	(9.5–12.1)	12.8	(10.3–15.7)	12.2	(10.8–13.8)	9.6	(8.4–11.0)	27.0	(23.2–31.2)	14.1	(10.2–19.2)	16.7	(14.3–19.4)	34.2	(28.5–40.3)	4.2	(3.4–5.1)
Idaho	17.1	(14.5–19.9)	10.9	(8.9–13.3)	13.9	(12.1–15.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	14.9	(12.1–18.4)	13.4	(11.2–15.9)	14.1	(12.0–16.6)	12.0	(9.8–14.6)	25.0	(19.6–31.4)	19.3	(12.6–28.4)	18.0	(15.0–21.5)	44.2	(35.0–53.8)	4.6	(2.9–7.2)
Iowa	11.5	(8.3–15.7)	13.2	(9.6–17.9)	12.6	(9.7–16.2)	10.6	(7.9–14.0)	24.0	(14.8–36.5)	18.9	(7.6–39.8)	17.3	(13.0–22.7)	38.2	(27.2–50.7)	2.8	(1.5–5.0)
Kansas	15.9	(13.4–18.7)	13.1	(10.9–15.7)	14.5	(12.8–16.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	11.9	(10.1–13.9)	9.5	(7.3–12.2)	10.9	(9.3–12.8)	8.1	(6.7–9.9)	29.6	(22.6–37.7)	17.2	(8.0–33.1)	13.6	(10.9–16.8)	32.7	(24.4–42.2)	3.7	(2.6–5.2)
Louisiana	17.5	(13.5–22.4)	20.2	(17.1–23.7)	19.3	(16.5–22.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	8.5	(7.5–9.7)	8.9	(8.0–9.8)	8.8	(8.1–9.6)	7.3	(6.6–8.0)	17.1	(14.4–20.1)	15.9	(11.2–22.0)	10.6	(9.8–11.5)	24.1	(20.8–27.8)	2.8	(2.4–3.4)
Maryland	13.2	(12.6–13.9)	13.5	(12.8–14.2)	13.7	(13.2–14.3)	10.6	(10.1–11.1)	28.4	(26.7–30.1)	20.0	(18.1–22.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	18.1	(14.4–22.5)	14.0	(10.2–19.0)	16.1	(13.0–19.9)	13.1	(9.9–17.3)	37.6	(27.9–48.4)	25.2	(16.8–35.8)	20.0	(15.8–25.1)	43.8	(31.7–56.7)	6.7	(4.7–9.6)
Missouri	13.0	(10.7–15.6)	14.0	(11.4–17.0)	13.7	(11.5–16.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	14.6	(13.2–16.2)	12.6	(11.1–14.3)	13.7	(12.6–14.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	15.0	(12.3–18.1)	13.2	(10.1–17.1)	14.3	(11.9–17.1)	12.0	(9.8–14.5)	39.9	(29.4–51.5)	13.3	(6.4–25.5)	21.2	(17.3–25.7)	46.0	(32.0–60.5)	6.1	(4.5–8.3)
Nevada	16.2	(13.2–19.7)	12.6	(10.3–15.2)	14.7	(12.8–16.9)	12.5	(10.6–14.6)	23.7	(17.5–31.4)	24.6	(16.4–35.2)	19.8	(16.9–23.2)	28.4	(20.1–38.5)	7.9	(5.9–10.4)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	16.6	(14.4–19.0)	15.9	(13.3–18.8)	16.3	(14.2–18.6)	13.1	(11.2–15.2)	33.8	(29.7–38.1)	29.3	(22.9–36.6)	21.2	(18.9–23.6)	44.9	(40.3–49.5)	7.2	(5.7–9.0)
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	14.9	(12.5–17.7)	14.9	(13.3–16.6)	15.0	(13.3–17.0)	12.4	(11.1–13.8)	29.2	(23.6–35.6)	29.0	(20.6–39.2)	18.9	(16.3–21.8)	31.9	(23.7–41.4)	6.1	(4.5–8.2)
North Dakota	14.9	(12.6–17.5)	13.9	(11.7–16.4)	14.4	(12.7–16.4)	12.9	(11.3–14.7)	31.0	(24.1–38.8)	11.5	(5.6–22.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	18.9	(15.2–23.2)	14.3	(10.5–19.0)	16.4	(13.9–19.3)	13.8	(11.4–16.6)	36.4	(26.8–47.3)	26.6	(14.2–44.1)	22.7	(18.4–27.5)	38.2	(28.8–48.6)	6.2	(4.4–8.7)
Pennsylvania	9.5	(8.1–11.2)	11.5	(9.3–14.2)	10.7	(9.1–12.5)	9.2	(7.7–11.0)	21.9	(16.8–28.0)	12.4	(8.0–18.7)	15.0	(12.6–17.7)	27.0	(19.9–35.4)	3.1	(2.2–4.5)
Rhode Island	8.1	(5.6–11.7)	10.6	(8.7–12.8)	9.8	(8.2–11.5)	8.7	(7.1–10.6)	13.6	(9.8–18.7)	18.2	(10.9–28.7)	11.7	(8.4–16.1)	25.5	(16.8–36.8)	3.2	(1.9–5.5)
South Carolina	14.3	(11.4–17.9)	15.3	(11.9–19.5)	15.2	(12.8–17.9)	12.5	(9.8–15.7)	31.4	(25.2–38.4)	21.7	(11.1–38.0)	18.9	(15.9–22.4)	40.6	(30.0–52.3)	5.0	(3.3–7.5)
Tennessee	13.7	(11.4–16.4)	12.0	(9.3–15.2)	13.2	(11.2–15.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	14.9	(12.0–18.4)	14.5	(11.3–18.5)	14.9	(12.8–17.3)	13.3	(11.1–15.8)	22.1	(16.0–29.8)	26.4	(15.6–41.1)	21.1	(18.1–24.5)	34.3	(23.6–47.0)	6.1	(4.9–7.5)
Utah	9.3	(7.2–11.9)	9.1	(7.0–11.7)	9.4	(7.6–11.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	7.4	(6.9–8.0)	8.0	(7.5–8.5)	7.8	(7.5–8.2)	6.6	(6.2–7.0)	15.5	(14.0–17.2)	13.7	(11.6–16.2)	9.7	(9.1–10.3)	26.7	(24.3–29.2)	2.2	(1.9–2.5)
Virginia	13.2	(11.5–15.0)	11.9	(10.3–13.9)	12.6	(11.3–14.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	10.8	(8.5–13.6)	13.4	(10.2–17.4)	12.5	(9.9–15.7)	10.2	(8.0–12.9)	30.8	(19.5–45.0)	16.4	(7.8–31.2)	17.0	(13.0–21.9)	28.6	(19.5–39.8)	3.1	(1.8–5.2)
Wisconsin	10.4	(8.1–13.3)	11.8	(8.9–15.4)	11.2	(9.0–13.8)	10.1	(7.9–12.8)	16.4	(11.6–22.7)	15.7	(11.8–20.5)	15.1	(12.4–18.1)	33.2	(23.6–44.5)	3.6	(2.2–5.8)
Median	13.4		13.1		13.7		11.8		25.0		18.2		17.3		33.2		4.2
Range	7.4–20.5		8.0–20.2		7.8–19.3		6.6–15.8		13.6–39.9		11.5–29.3		9.7–22.7		24.1–46.0		2.2–7.9
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	10.7	(7.6–14.9)	15.3	(10.8–21.2)	13.2	(9.9–17.5)	9.7	(7.2–13.1)	18.3	(10.6–29.6)	25.7	(15.9–38.9)	13.2	(9.1–18.8)	25.0	(15.5–37.6)	5.0	(2.6–9.2)
Boston, MA	8.4	(6.5–10.9)	9.0	(6.8–11.8)	8.9	(7.3–10.8)	7.7	(6.2–9.5)	17.4	(10.9–26.7)	10.2	(4.7–21.1)	9.8	(7.8–12.3)	23.1	(15.2–33.5)	4.0	(2.6–6.1)
Broward County, FL	11.0	(7.6–15.7)	11.8	(8.3–16.4)	11.8	(8.8–15.6)	9.9	(6.9–14.1)	24.2	(15.9–35.1)	11.3	(4.5–25.8)	15.0	(10.1–21.6)	29.4	(19.3–42.0)	3.9	(2.5–6.0)
Chicago, IL	13.5	(10.2–17.6)	15.9	(12.7–19.8)	15.0	(12.2–18.4)	12.9	(10.6–15.5)	21.9	(15.4–30.2)	21.9	(12.2–36.0)	19.0	(14.8–23.9)	30.8	(22.0–41.3)	5.7	(3.8–8.3)
Cleveland, OH	16.8	(14.2–19.7)	18.8	(15.5–22.7)	18.0	(15.6–20.6)	16.9	(14.4–19.8)	21.2	(14.9–29.3)	23.3	(12.8–38.7)	18.5	(15.1–22.5)	30.9	(23.8–39.0)	9.6	(7.4–12.5)
DeKalb County, GA	13.0	(10.7–15.8)	15.2	(12.4–18.6)	14.2	(12.4–16.2)	10.7	(9.2–12.5)	30.2	(23.0–38.6)	24.1	(16.5–33.8)	16.7	(14.3–19.4)	38.2	(30.3–46.8)	4.9	(3.4–7.0)
Detroit, MI	11.3	(9.5–13.5)	14.6	(11.5–18.3)	13.1	(11.0–15.5)	10.9	(8.9–13.1)	21.8	(15.5–29.8)	23.8	(12.2–41.2)	17.9	(14.9–21.4)	20.8	(14.8–28.3)	5.2	(3.7–7.3)
District of Columbia	12.9	(11.8–14.1)	16.7	(15.4–18.1)	15.4	(14.5–16.3)	13.2	(12.2–14.1)	24.0	(21.3–27.0)	24.2	(19.7–29.3)	16.2	(14.8–17.8)	31.4	(28.0–34.9)	5.2	(4.4–6.2)
Duval County, FL	18.7	(16.7–20.7)	16.3	(14.2–18.7)	18.1	(16.5–19.7)	13.0	(11.5–14.7)	32.5	(27.8–37.5)	34.2	(27.1–42.2)	19.8	(17.6–22.3)	34.8	(30.8–39.1)	7.3	(5.5–9.6)
Ft. Worth, TX	13.3	(11.5–15.2)	11.9	(10.1–13.9)	12.8	(11.5–14.2)	10.4	(9.3–11.7)	28.2	(23.3–33.7)	19.2	(12.2–28.9)	17.2	(15.1–19.5)	36.5	(29.5–44.1)	5.2	(4.1–6.5)
Houston, TX	12.1	(10.4–13.9)	13.3	(11.3–15.6)	12.9	(11.6–14.4)	10.8	(9.5–12.2)	20.3	(15.7–25.7)	22.9	(15.7–32.1)	17.4	(14.9–20.1)	29.1	(22.7–36.5)	5.7	(4.6–7.2)
Los Angeles, CA	10.3	(7.9–13.3)	10.9	(8.4–13.9)	10.6	(8.5–13.1)	9.9	(7.7–12.5)	20.6	(11.4–34.4)	6.4	(2.0–18.8)	15.7	(12.3–19.9)	28.7	(19.4–40.3)	4.6	(3.3–6.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL	11.8	(10.2–13.6)	14.7	(11.9–18.1)	13.6	(11.8–15.5)	10.5	(9.2–11.8)	26.9	(21.0–33.8)	29.6	(20.4–40.9)	15.4	(13.1–18.0)	32.8	(25.5–41.0)	5.7	(4.5–7.1)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	9.6	(7.9–11.6)	13.0	(10.5–16.1)	11.6	(9.9–13.6)	10.5	(8.7–12.6)	21.3	(15.9–27.9)	8.5	(3.9–17.6)	18.7	(15.8–21.9)	23.6	(16.6–32.3)	3.6	(2.3–5.5)
Orange County, FL	12.3	(10.0–15.1)	11.5	(8.8–14.8)	12.7	(10.6–15.1)	9.1	(7.4–11.1)	27.2	(19.8–36.0)	32.3	(20.8–46.5)	15.2	(12.3–18.8)	33.9	(25.8–43.0)	4.9	(3.2–7.4)
Palm Beach County, FL	10.3	(8.1–12.9)	10.6	(8.4–13.1)	10.7	(9.0–12.6)	7.6	(6.2–9.2)	26.1	(19.6–33.9)	23.0	(14.4–34.7)	12.7	(10.2–15.7)	31.2	(23.8–39.8)	3.5	(2.5–4.9)
Philadelphia, PA	8.6	(6.3–11.6)	12.0	(8.6–16.5)	10.3	(7.9–13.4)	8.8	(6.2–12.4)	18.5	(12.0–27.5)	19.5	(8.2–39.6)	10.2	(7.3–14.1)	23.8	(15.7–34.4)	4.9	(2.7–8.7)
San Diego, CA	11.5	(9.5–13.9)	9.8	(7.5–12.8)	10.8	(9.1–12.7)	10.2	(8.5–12.2)	15.9	(10.8–22.7)	12.2	(7.0–20.3)	14.9	(12.3–17.9)	24.8	(18.1–33.0)	4.3	(3.1–6.0)
San Francisco, CA	9.4	(7.7–11.3)	12.1	(10.0–14.6)	11.0	(9.6–12.5)	10.1	(8.6–11.9)	15.5	(10.7–21.9)	14.3	(8.8–22.3)	16.7	(14.0–19.9)	30.4	(22.2–40.1)	4.8	(3.7–6.3)
Shelby County, TN	16.5	(13.8–19.5)	16.0	(13.2–19.2)	16.8	(14.7–19.2)	13.5	(11.5–15.9)	31.9	(24.4–40.4)	27.9	(17.0–42.3)	17.4	(14.7–20.5)	40.4	(31.6–49.9)	7.6	(4.9–11.5)
Median	11.6		13.1		12.8		10.4		21.9		23.0		16.5		30.6		4.9
Range	8.4–18.7		9.0–18.8		8.9–18.1		7.6–16.9		15.5–32.5		6.4–34.2		9.8–19.8		20.8–40.4		3.5–9.6

* Counting drugs such as codeine, Vicodin, OxyContin, Hydrocodone, and Percocet, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 129. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	0.8	(0.6–1.3)	2.0	(1.5–2.5)	1.5	(1.2–1.8)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	0.5	(0.2–1.3)	1.4	(0.9–2.2)	1.0	(0.7–1.4)
Black^§	1.1	(0.5–2.5)	2.6	(1.7–4.0)	1.9	(1.2–3.1)
Hispanic	0.9	(0.5–1.4)	2.1	(1.3–3.2)	1.5	(1.0–2.1)
Grade
9	0.6	(0.3–1.1)	2.1	(1.3–3.4)	1.3	(0.9–2.1)
10	0.6	(0.4–1.0)	1.9	(1.2–3.1)	1.3	(0.9–1.9)
11	0.7	(0.3–1.8)	1.4	(0.8–2.3)	1.1	(0.7–1.7)
12	1.3	(0.7–2.4)	2.4	(1.7–3.5)	1.9	(1.4–2.6)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	0.4	(0.2–0.7)	1.5	(1.2–2.0)	1.0	(0.8–1.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	2.3	(1.5–3.7)	5.7	(3.1–10.1)	3.4	(2.3–4.9)
Not sure	3.4	(1.3–8.9)	8.0	(4.0–15.3)	6.1	(3.3–10.9)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	0.3	(0.2–0.5)	2.4	(1.8–3.1)	1.4	(1.1–1.8)
Same sex only or both sexes	4.3	(2.6–7.1)	11.2	(5.6–21.0)	6.0	(4.1–8.9)
No sexual contact	0.3	(0.1–0.9)	0.1	(0.0–0.4)	0.2	(0.1–0.5)

* Used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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**TABLE 130. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	7.8	(3.5–16.7)	6.3	(3.8–10.2)	7.4	(4.3–12.4)	5.1	(2.4–10.7)	18.6	(12.8–26.3)	10.3	(4.8–20.6)	4.5	(2.5–8.1)	19.8	(11.3–32.4)	0.5	(0.2–1.8)
California	0.7	(0.2–1.8)	2.8	(1.4–5.3)	1.8	(1.1–3.0)	1.7	(1.0–2.9)	1.6	(0.4–5.9)	4.4	(1.0–17.3)	2.4	(1.2–4.8)	4.7	(1.7–12.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.0)
Colorado	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	1.1	(0.5–2.3)	3.5	(2.3–5.1)	2.3	(1.6–3.2)	1.5	(0.9–2.4)	6.9	(3.5–13.1)	2.2	(0.5–9.5)	2.2	(1.3–3.8)	8.0	(4.2–14.5)	0.2	(0.0–0.9)
Delaware	0.7	(0.4–1.4)	1.9	(1.0–3.6)	1.4	(0.9–2.2)	0.8	(0.4–1.6)	4.0	(1.9–7.9)	9.0	(2.7–25.6)	1.2	(0.7–2.1)	9.3	(4.6–17.9)	0.1	(0.0–0.3)
Florida	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Hawaii	1.2	(0.8–1.8)	4.0	(3.0–5.2)	2.8	(2.3–3.5)	1.5	(1.2–1.9)	9.3	(6.2–13.7)	6.8	(3.6–12.4)	2.7	(1.7–4.0)	10.0	(6.4–15.2)	0.1	(0.0–0.4)
Idaho	1.2	(0.6–2.6)	1.7	(0.9–3.2)	1.5	(1.0–2.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	2.7	(1.6–4.5)	3.4	(2.2–5.3)	3.2	(2.2–4.8)	2.4	(1.6–3.8)	7.8	(4.2–13.9)	2.4	(0.7–7.5)	2.5	(1.5–4.2)	11.4	(6.7–18.7)	0.6	(0.3–1.2)
Iowa	2.1	(1.2–3.6)	3.4	(2.1–5.3)	3.0	(1.9–4.5)	1.9	(1.1–3.2)	7.6	(4.8–11.7)	12.1	(4.2–30.4)	2.4	(1.5–4.0)	10.9	(5.7–20.0)	0.3	(0.1–1.3)
Kansas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	2.0	(1.2–3.1)	2.7	(1.7–4.2)	2.5	(1.8–3.4)	1.6	(1.0–2.5)	7.5	(4.1–13.2)	6.1	(2.4–14.8)	1.5	(0.8–3.0)	12.0	(7.2–19.3)	0.2	(0.0–1.2)
Louisiana	4.7	(2.3–9.6)	10.6	(7.8–14.3)	8.0	(5.6–11.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maryland	2.4	(2.1–2.7)	4.8	(4.4–5.2)	3.8	(3.5–4.1)	2.1	(1.9–2.4)	10.1	(8.9–11.3)	9.8	(8.2–11.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Michigan	1.4	(0.6–3.2)	2.4	(1.5–3.7)	1.9	(1.2–2.9)	0.7	(0.4–1.5)	8.9	(4.9–15.7)	8.3	(4.1–16.4)	1.4	(0.7–2.8)	11.9	(5.1–25.4)	0.0	—
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	1.5	(1.1–2.2)	2.0	(1.4–2.9)	1.8	(1.4–2.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	1.4	(0.7–2.6)	1.5	(0.7–3.3)	1.6	(0.9–2.7)	0.7	(0.3–1.6)	9.3	(5.1–16.3)	4.4	(1.2–14.9)	1.9	(0.7–4.6)	8.2	(3.5–18.0)	0.1	(0.0–1.0)
Nevada	1.8	(1.1–3.0)	2.0	(1.4–2.9)	2.1	(1.5–3.0)	1.2	(0.7–2.0)	5.3	(2.4–11.3)	10.6	(3.6–27.5)	2.2	(1.3–3.8)	4.4	(1.6–11.8)	0.7	(0.3–1.8)
New Hampshire	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
New Mexico	2.4	(1.7–3.4)	3.9	(2.8–5.6)	3.3	(2.4–4.5)	1.4	(0.9–2.1)	10.2	(6.7–15.2)	17.7	(12.1–25.2)	3.1	(2.2–4.4)	17.4	(13.6–22.0)	0.4	(0.2–0.8)
New York	1.7	(1.0–2.9)	4.3	(2.7–6.6)	3.4	(2.3–5.0)	1.5	(1.0–2.4)	11.9	(8.3–16.7)	8.8	(5.3–14.3)	2.9	(2.0–4.4)	12.9	(7.4–21.5)	0.3	(0.1–0.7)
North Carolina	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Dakota	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	1.8	(0.9–3.4)	1.6	(0.8–3.3)	1.7	(1.0–2.7)	0.8	(0.5–1.4)	8.8	(4.0–18.1)	3.7	(0.8–16.3)	1.4	(0.8–2.4)	14.6	(7.4–26.5)	0.0	—
Pennsylvania	0.8	(0.4–1.6)	2.3	(1.6–3.4)	1.6	(1.2–2.3)	1.0	(0.7–1.6)	4.1	(2.1–7.8)	3.4	(1.3–8.8)	1.6	(1.0–2.7)	4.2	(1.9–8.9)	0.3	(0.1–1.0)
Rhode Island	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
South Carolina	2.6	(1.6–4.2)	5.3	(3.4–8.2)	4.4	(2.9–6.4)	2.9	(1.9–4.5)	8.5	(4.9–14.2)	12.7	(3.9–34.2)	3.5	(2.0–6.1)	11.2	(4.9–23.5)	0.3	(0.1–1.5)
Tennessee	1.0	(0.4–2.7)	3.3	(2.2–5.0)	2.3	(1.5–3.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	1.8	(1.0–3.4)	2.8	(1.7–4.5)	2.4	(1.7–3.5)	1.5	(1.0–2.2)	8.6	(3.9–18.0)	2.0	(0.4–9.3)	1.8	(1.0–3.1)	10.1	(6.3–15.8)	0.8	(0.3–2.2)
Utah	2.7	(1.4–5.1)	2.6	(1.4–4.8)	2.7	(1.5–4.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Virginia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	0.9	(0.5–1.6)	3.6	(1.7–7.3)	2.5	(1.4–4.4)	1.6	(0.9–2.9)	7.4	(3.3–15.8)	4.6	(1.4–14.0)	2.4	(1.3–4.4)	8.4	(3.1–20.8)	0.3	(0.1–1.3)
Wisconsin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Median	1.7		3.0		2.4		1.5		8.5		6.8		2.3		10.5		0.3
Range	0.7–7.8		1.5–10.6		1.4–8.0		0.7–5.1		1.6–18.6		2.0–17.7		1.2–4.5		4.2–19.8		0.0–0.8
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	2.8	(1.4–5.6)	8.6	(5.4–13.4)	6.1	(4.1–8.9)	3.6	(2.0–6.3)	11.9	(6.4–21.1)	11.1	(3.8–28.5)	5.5	(2.8–10.3)	10.4	(5.2–19.8)	0.3	(0.1–1.6)
Boston, MA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Broward County, FL	0.4	(0.1–1.3)	3.1	(1.4–6.6)	2.0	(1.0–3.9)	1.5	(0.6–4.0)	5.5	(2.3–12.8)	2.1	(0.4–9.9)	1.7	(0.5–5.6)	4.7	(2.1–9.9)	0.0	—
Chicago, IL	2.6	(1.1–6.1)	5.2	(3.4–7.7)	4.1	(2.5–6.7)	2.1	(1.3–3.5)	12.2	(6.4–22.0)	6.9	(2.5–17.6)	3.4	(1.9–5.9)	9.0	(4.5–17.3)	0.6	(0.2–1.9)
Cleveland, OH	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DeKalb County, GA	1.8	(1.1–3.0)	3.5	(2.4–5.1)	2.7	(1.9–3.7)	2.2	(1.5–3.2)	5.8	(2.9–11.1)	2.5	(0.6–10.2)	3.7	(2.5–5.5)	4.5	(2.0–9.9)	0.8	(0.3–2.1)
Detroit, MI	2.1	(1.3–3.3)	6.2	(3.8–9.8)	4.0	(2.7–6.0)	2.4	(1.4–4.3)	7.8	(4.0–14.8)	14.6	(7.4–26.8)	2.1	(1.0–4.4)	11.3	(6.8–18.2)	1.0	(0.4–2.5)
District of Columbia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Duval County, FL	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ft. Worth, TX	1.6	(1.1–2.4)	2.9	(2.1–3.9)	2.4	(1.9–3.1)	1.8	(1.3–2.4)	7.5	(4.8–11.6)	3.1	(1.3–7.7)	2.3	(1.6–3.5)	5.4	(3.0–9.7)	0.7	(0.4–1.3)
Houston, TX	3.5	(2.5–4.8)	4.1	(3.0–5.6)	3.9	(3.0–5.0)	2.0	(1.5–2.7)	12.8	(9.0–17.9)	10.2	(5.3–18.8)	4.0	(2.8–5.5)	14.3	(9.2–21.4)	0.9	(0.4–1.6)
Los Angeles, CA	2.2	(1.3–3.9)	3.0	(1.8–4.8)	2.7	(1.8–4.0)	2.2	(1.5–3.2)	7.1	(2.5–18.3)	4.9	(1.0–20.8)	2.3	(1.0–5.3)	13.1	(5.2–29.2)	0.6	(0.2–2.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL	1.9	(1.1–3.2)	5.5	(4.0–7.4)	3.9	(2.9–5.3)	2.0	(1.4–2.7)	13.9	(8.4–22.1)	16.2	(9.2–27.1)	3.9	(2.6–5.6)	14.2	(8.4–23.0)	0.2	(0.0–0.8)
New York City, NY	1.4	(1.0–1.9)	3.6	(2.8–4.7)	2.7	(2.2–3.5)	1.5	(1.2–1.9)	7.2	(4.2–11.9)	5.8	(4.3–7.9)	2.6	(1.9–3.5)	10.5	(7.3–14.8)	0.3	(0.1–0.6)
Oakland, CA	2.0	(1.3–3.3)	3.8	(2.5–5.8)	3.2	(2.4–4.3)	2.9	(2.0–4.1)	3.7	(1.7–7.9)	5.5	(2.4–12.3)	3.7	(2.3–5.9)	10.4	(6.2–17.1)	0.4	(0.1–1.2)
Orange County, FL	2.0	(1.1–3.5)	4.4	(2.7–7.1)	3.5	(2.3–5.1)	1.9	(1.2–3.0)	12.4	(7.4–20.0)	10.1	(4.2–22.4)	2.9	(1.5–5.6)	14.8	(8.7–24.1)	0.5	(0.1–2.0)
Palm Beach County, FL	2.8	(1.8–4.3)	5.5	(3.9–7.6)	4.4	(3.3–5.8)	2.1	(1.5–2.9)	14.7	(9.8–21.5)	15.3	(8.7–25.4)	3.5	(2.3–5.1)	16.5	(10.6–24.9)	0.3	(0.1–0.9)
Philadelphia, PA	1.2	(0.6–2.3)	3.8	(2.2–6.8)	2.6	(1.6–4.2)	1.4	(0.6–3.3)	7.7	(3.6–15.8)	9.9	(1.7–41.0)	1.7	(0.7–4.4)	8.9	(3.4–21.7)	0.2	(0.0–1.4)
San Diego, CA	0.5	(0.2–1.1)	2.0	(1.2–3.2)	1.4	(1.0–2.1)	1.2	(0.8–2.0)	1.9	(0.8–4.6)	3.5	(1.2–9.8)	1.2	(0.7–2.2)	4.4	(1.7–10.7)	0.5	(0.1–1.6)
San Francisco, CA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shelby County, TN	3.1	(2.2–4.3)	7.9	(5.8–10.8)	5.8	(4.6–7.3)	3.9	(2.8–5.3)	13.8	(9.4–19.9)	13.4	(5.8–27.9)	4.3	(3.1–5.8)	15.7	(10.6–22.6)	0.3	(0.1–1.2)
Median	2.0		3.9		3.3		2.1		7.7		8.4		3.1		10.5		0.4
Range	0.4–3.5		2.0–8.6		1.4–6.1		1.2–3.9		1.9–14.7		2.1–16.2		1.2–5.5		4.4–16.5		0.0–1.0

* Used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body, one or more times during their life.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

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TABLE 131. Percentage of high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017
Category	Sex				Total
	Female		Male		Total
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI
Total	18.7	(16.8–20.7)	20.9	(19.4–22.5)	19.8	(18.3–21.4)
Race/Ethnicity
White^§	15.9	(13.6–18.6)	19.6	(17.5–21.8)	17.7	(15.7–19.9)
Black^§	18.2	(14.7–22.2)	19.6	(16.5–23.1)	18.9	(16.2–22.1)
Hispanic	25.0	(20.9–29.7)	25.8	(23.1–28.8)	25.4	(23.0–28.0)
Grade
9	18.3	(14.7–22.4)	19.7	(17.3–22.4)	18.9	(16.6–21.5)
10	18.5	(15.4–22.1)	22.1	(19.3–25.2)	20.3	(17.7–23.1)
11	19.8	(16.8–23.2)	20.4	(18.2–22.8)	20.0	(17.8–22.5)
12	17.8	(15.3–20.7)	21.5	(18.8–24.5)	19.6	(17.6–21.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight)	17.2	(15.6–19.1)	20.4	(18.7–22.2)	18.9	(17.6–20.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual	28.1	(23.7–33.0)	28.8	(22.6–36.0)	28.2	(24.4–32.5)
Not sure	18.7	(13.6–25.1)	19.9	(13.5–28.4)	19.6	(14.8–25.6)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only	22.2	(20.1–24.5)	26.0	(23.7–28.4)	24.3	(22.5–26.1)
Same sex only or both sexes	33.1	(27.6–39.1)	28.5	(20.8–37.8)	31.9	(27.1–37.2)
No sexual contact	13.0	(11.1–15.1)	13.6	(11.6–16.0)	13.3	(11.8–15.0)

* During the 12 months before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Non-Hispanic.

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TABLE 132. Percentage of high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017
Site	Sex				Total		Sexual identity						Sex of sexual contacts
	Female		Male		Total		Heterosexual (straight)		Gay, lesbian, or bisexual		Not sure		Opposite sex only		Same sex only or both sexes		No sexual contact
	%	CI^†	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
State surveys
Alaska	—^§	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arizona	28.6	(23.7–34.0)	29.1	(25.3–33.4)	29.1	(25.7–32.9)	27.3	(24.3–30.5)	45.4	(33.3–58.0)	20.5	(9.2–39.8)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Arkansas	28.9	(19.8–40.0)	32.4	(21.7–45.3)	30.7	(21.4–41.9)	27.6	(20.0–36.8)	50.0	(32.0–67.9)	23.8	(9.8–47.4)	32.2	(24.7–40.9)	46.9	(26.2–68.6)	14.9	(11.6–19.1)
California	26.9	(23.5–30.5)	27.1	(22.8–31.9)	27.0	(24.0–30.3)	26.8	(24.1–29.6)	31.0	(23.2–40.0)	22.1	(11.9–37.3)	34.7	(30.3–39.3)	42.2	(28.2–57.6)	17.3	(15.1–19.9)
Colorado	17.0	(14.2–20.1)	18.3	(15.5–21.5)	18.0	(16.3–19.7)	18.4	(16.9–20.0)	19.0	(11.9–28.9)	19.8	(8.0–41.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Connecticut	28.0	(24.8–31.5)	29.0	(25.3–33.1)	28.6	(25.8–31.6)	27.5	(24.7–30.4)	35.8	(27.8–44.7)	31.8	(20.2–46.2)	34.6	(30.2–39.2)	43.6	(35.3–52.2)	18.0	(15.3–21.2)
Delaware	15.6	(13.5–18.0)	18.1	(15.1–21.7)	16.8	(14.7–19.0)	16.4	(14.2–19.0)	22.2	(15.9–30.0)	16.7	(7.3–33.9)	22.3	(19.3–25.6)	28.7	(20.4–38.8)	8.4	(6.4–11.1)
Florida	15.4	(13.4–17.6)	18.3	(16.9–19.9)	17.0	(15.7–18.4)	15.4	(14.1–16.9)	27.3	(23.5–31.4)	20.3	(15.5–26.0)	22.1	(20.1–24.2)	34.2	(28.8–40.1)	9.1	(7.8–10.5)
Hawaii	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Idaho	20.5	(18.0–23.1)	24.0	(20.6–27.7)	22.2	(19.8–24.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Illinois	24.3	(21.9–26.8)	25.9	(20.7–31.9)	25.3	(22.0–28.8)	24.3	(20.7–28.3)	32.1	(26.0–38.9)	28.9	(19.8–40.1)	31.8	(27.4–36.5)	38.8	(31.7–46.6)	15.8	(12.5–19.8)
Iowa	21.4	(15.7–28.5)	22.2	(18.7–26.1)	22.1	(18.1–26.8)	21.0	(16.8–25.9)	26.5	(19.1–35.5)	28.4	(15.3–46.5)	26.0	(19.1–34.4)	29.1	(20.0–40.2)	13.7	(11.7–16.0)
Kansas	17.9	(15.5–20.7)	18.1	(15.1–21.5)	18.0	(16.0–20.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kentucky	21.3	(18.4–24.5)	23.0	(20.1–26.3)	22.4	(20.0–25.1)	20.2	(18.0–22.5)	37.9	(29.8–46.7)	31.3	(20.4–44.9)	24.6	(20.7–29.0)	50.6	(42.7–58.5)	13.9	(11.6–16.6)
Louisiana	27.7	(22.9–33.1)	29.5	(23.8–35.9)	28.5	(24.8–32.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maine	12.3	(11.1–13.6)	15.5	(13.7–17.5)	14.0	(12.7–15.5)	13.1	(11.7–14.7)	19.0	(16.3–21.9)	18.9	(14.6–24.1)	15.7	(13.9–17.8)	24.0	(21.4–26.7)	8.4	(7.2–9.8)
Maryland	22.2	(21.4–23.0)	24.6	(23.9–25.4)	23.5	(23.0–24.1)	22.0	(21.4–22.6)	32.0	(30.3–33.6)	25.4	(22.8–28.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Massachusetts	18.6	(16.5–20.9)	21.7	(19.1–24.5)	20.1	(18.3–22.1)	19.0	(17.1–21.1)	26.5	(20.2–33.9)	25.2	(16.5–36.4)	24.9	(22.0–28.1)	30.7	(24.4–37.8)	12.5	(10.6–14.7)
Michigan	24.6	(19.9–29.9)	27.5	(24.0–31.2)	26.0	(22.3–30.1)	24.7	(21.6–28.1)	38.7	(26.7–52.2)	27.5	(17.0–41.1)	30.7	(25.0–37.1)	46.0	(37.2–55.0)	17.1	(13.9–20.8)
Missouri	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Montana	19.9	(18.1–21.7)	23.5	(21.2–25.9)	21.7	(20.3–23.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Nebraska	16.8	(13.2–21.1)	19.9	(16.3–24.0)	18.5	(15.9–21.5)	17.8	(15.2–20.7)	29.0	(20.3–39.6)	17.8	(9.4–31.1)	24.8	(19.5–31.0)	35.6	(22.9–50.7)	11.4	(9.3–14.0)
Nevada	29.3	(25.7–33.1)	30.5	(26.0–35.4)	29.8	(27.8–31.8)	28.9	(26.4–31.6)	31.1	(24.7–38.3)	39.5	(27.5–52.8)	36.1	(31.7–40.7)	36.5	(27.4–46.5)	22.7	(19.9–25.8)
New Hampshire	14.8	(13.6–16.0)	17.4	(16.1–18.7)	16.3	(15.4–17.1)	14.9	(14.1–15.8)	25.2	(22.3–28.4)	20.6	(16.8–25.1)	21.0	(19.7–22.3)	39.3	(34.6–44.2)	8.3	(7.4–9.3)
New Mexico	24.9	(22.5–27.4)	27.3	(25.1–29.7)	26.2	(24.3–28.1)	25.1	(23.6–26.6)	34.1	(29.2–39.4)	30.0	(22.1–39.4)	30.1	(27.9–32.3)	42.5	(37.0–48.3)	18.9	(16.5–21.7)
New York	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
North Carolina	19.8	(18.1–21.6)	23.8	(20.6–27.3)	21.9	(19.8–24.1)	20.1	(18.3–22.0)	33.8	(27.8–40.5)	24.3	(16.8–33.8)	25.4	(21.8–29.4)	39.6	(32.1–47.6)	13.5	(11.5–15.7)
North Dakota	9.9	(8.0–12.2)	14.1	(11.4–17.2)	12.1	(10.4–14.0)	11.4	(9.6–13.4)	19.5	(14.3–26.0)	10.9	(5.9–19.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oklahoma	23.1	(18.8–28.1)	21.8	(18.7–25.3)	22.5	(19.7–25.5)	20.9	(18.6–23.5)	39.7	(27.0–54.0)	14.1	(5.8–30.4)	23.7	(20.2–27.7)	48.1	(36.0–60.4)	16.5	(12.6–21.2)
Pennsylvania	15.4	(13.6–17.4)	20.0	(17.6–22.6)	17.9	(16.1–19.7)	16.9	(15.4–18.5)	26.0	(19.7–33.4)	17.3	(10.6–27.0)	20.6	(18.5–22.9)	32.8	(25.2–41.4)	11.1	(9.5–12.8)
Rhode Island	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
South Carolina	23.9	(20.7–27.4)	27.7	(23.2–32.7)	26.0	(22.9–29.4)	25.0	(21.5–29.0)	34.6	(25.2–45.4)	38.7	(24.5–55.1)	28.7	(23.9–34.0)	39.2	(28.6–50.9)	17.9	(14.2–22.4)
Tennessee	23.0	(19.5–26.8)	24.4	(21.4–27.6)	23.7	(20.9–26.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Texas	26.0	(22.9–29.4)	27.5	(24.3–30.9)	26.7	(24.2–29.4)	25.7	(23.2–28.4)	32.8	(25.4–41.1)	32.1	(24.3–41.1)	29.2	(24.9–33.8)	37.8	(27.8–48.8)	20.6	(17.9–23.6)
Utah	24.3	(17.4–32.7)	27.1	(22.2–32.6)	25.9	(20.4–32.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vermont	13.4	(12.7–14.1)	16.6	(15.9–17.3)	15.2	(14.7–15.7)	14.3	(13.8–14.8)	23.1	(21.3–25.0)	15.0	(12.9–17.5)	19.7	(19.0–20.5)	32.8	(30.2–35.4)	6.7	(6.2–7.3)
Virginia	14.3	(13.0–15.8)	16.5	(14.2–19.0)	15.5	(14.0–17.1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
West Virginia	20.5	(18.0–23.2)	26.9	(21.8–32.7)	24.0	(20.8–27.4)	22.8	(20.1–25.8)	35.3	(24.5–47.8)	17.7	(8.2–34.2)	24.6	(20.9–28.8)	38.3	(26.2–52.0)	16.0	(13.1–19.3)
Wisconsin	16.9	(13.7–20.6)	19.7	(17.0–22.7)	18.4	(16.4–20.6)	17.5	(15.4–20.0)	23.9	(17.8–31.3)	20.8	(14.3–29.3)	21.8	(18.7–25.3)	31.0	(22.5–41.0)	12.5	(10.4–14.9)
Median	20.9		23.6		22.3		20.9		31.1		22.1		24.9		38.3		13.9
Range	9.9–29.3		14.1–32.4		12.1–30.7		11.4–28.9		19.0–50.0		10.9–39.5		15.7–36.1		24.0–50.6		6.7–22.7
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD	23.9	(19.5–29.0)	31.9	(24.4–40.5)	27.8	(23.9–32.0)	25.6	(20.9–31.0)	29.8	(22.6–38.0)	37.7	(20.1–59.2)	28.2	(22.3–34.8)	36.9	(27.7–47.2)	20.3	(14.7–27.3)
Boston, MA	18.4	(15.2–22.2)	23.6	(20.0–27.6)	21.0	(18.4–23.9)	19.7	(16.8–23.0)	24.9	(18.8–32.2)	26.3	(17.7–37.2)	23.9	(19.8–28.5)	30.2	(22.6–39.1)	13.7	(10.8–17.1)
Broward County, FL	28.5	(23.0–34.8)	29.5	(23.4–36.4)	29.0	(24.2–34.4)	27.6	(22.3–33.6)	35.0	(24.1–47.7)	32.4	(16.2–54.2)	33.2	(24.4–43.4)	35.3	(22.8–50.3)	19.3	(15.0–24.5)
Chicago, IL	32.7	(29.3–36.4)	31.2	(26.9–35.9)	32.2	(29.2–35.3)	31.6	(28.2–35.3)	33.7	(27.3–40.9)	38.3	(25.8–52.4)	37.2	(31.9–42.8)	46.2	(37.6–55.1)	22.7	(19.6–26.1)
Cleveland, OH	18.4	(15.4–21.9)	21.0	(17.5–25.0)	19.7	(17.4–22.2)	19.8	(17.0–23.0)	18.7	(12.5–26.9)	23.5	(14.1–36.5)	21.4	(17.9–25.3)	26.1	(19.8–33.6)	12.9	(9.7–17.1)
DeKalb County, GA	23.9	(21.1–27.0)	30.4	(27.4–33.6)	27.2	(25.0–29.5)	26.1	(23.8–28.6)	31.9	(25.8–38.8)	33.2	(22.3–46.2)	32.5	(29.2–36.0)	39.9	(32.0–48.5)	16.4	(13.7–19.6)
Detroit, MI	28.8	(25.0–32.9)	34.0	(30.0–38.2)	31.1	(28.3–34.0)	29.7	(26.5–33.1)	38.0	(28.6–48.3)	31.6	(19.1–47.4)	36.8	(31.8–42.1)	38.3	(28.1–49.8)	21.6	(18.4–25.2)
District of Columbia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Duval County, FL	25.2	(23.1–27.4)	28.5	(25.5–31.6)	27.0	(25.3–28.8)	24.8	(22.9–26.8)	34.3	(29.5–39.4)	34.8	(27.3–43.2)	28.2	(25.4–31.0)	38.1	(32.6–43.9)	16.7	(14.3–19.4)
Ft. Worth, TX	25.6	(23.5–27.9)	29.4	(27.1–31.8)	27.6	(26.0–29.3)	27.2	(25.5–28.9)	33.7	(27.8–40.2)	25.1	(17.5–34.7)	35.0	(32.1–38.0)	40.0	(32.5–48.0)	19.3	(17.2–21.5)
Houston, TX	25.9	(23.4–28.5)	29.0	(26.2–31.9)	27.5	(25.6–29.4)	26.2	(24.1–28.5)	35.3	(30.4–40.6)	31.0	(24.1–38.8)	31.8	(28.9–34.8)	42.1	(34.3–50.3)	19.1	(16.8–21.5)
Los Angeles, CA	28.8	(25.2–32.7)	29.5	(25.7–33.6)	29.3	(26.9–31.8)	27.9	(25.1–30.9)	41.8	(33.8–50.2)	41.3	(26.1–58.4)	35.3	(30.9–40.0)	43.5	(33.3–54.2)	22.9	(19.9–26.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL	30.4	(27.5–33.5)	30.5	(27.2–33.9)	30.5	(28.5–32.7)	29.6	(27.5–31.9)	37.4	(31.1–44.1)	32.2	(21.9–44.5)	35.5	(31.9–39.4)	42.7	(34.9–50.9)	19.9	(17.3–22.8)
New York City, NY	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Oakland, CA	31.7	(28.2–35.3)	26.7	(23.5–30.2)	29.1	(26.7–31.6)	27.8	(25.2–30.6)	36.6	(28.4–45.6)	37.0	(26.0–49.6)	36.7	(33.0–40.5)	44.9	(34.8–55.4)	21.7	(18.9–24.7)
Orange County, FL	27.0	(22.7–31.7)	31.6	(27.6–36.0)	29.3	(26.8–32.0)	27.9	(25.2–30.7)	36.7	(29.1–45.0)	30.8	(20.5–43.4)	36.4	(32.1–41.0)	46.4	(36.3–57.0)	18.9	(15.6–22.8)
Palm Beach County, FL	24.3	(21.3–27.6)	24.4	(22.0–27.1)	24.5	(22.4–26.7)	23.0	(20.6–25.5)	34.4	(27.8–41.8)	26.9	(19.2–36.4)	28.0	(24.6–31.6)	38.9	(30.6–48.0)	16.6	(14.1–19.4)
Philadelphia, PA	18.7	(16.5–21.1)	23.5	(18.9–28.8)	21.0	(18.1–24.3)	19.8	(17.2–22.6)	24.6	(16.2–35.5)	33.5	(21.2–48.5)	24.4	(20.2–29.1)	29.4	(19.8–41.1)	12.5	(10.1–15.4)
San Diego, CA	26.5	(23.5–29.6)	28.2	(25.0–31.6)	27.3	(25.0–29.8)	26.1	(23.8–28.5)	33.0	(26.4–40.3)	38.9	(26.4–52.9)	33.2	(29.3–37.2)	41.9	(32.0–52.6)	19.6	(16.6–22.8)
San Francisco, CA	20.7	(18.2–23.5)	22.5	(19.8–25.4)	21.7	(19.6–24.0)	20.6	(18.2–23.1)	32.0	(25.4–39.4)	23.7	(16.9–32.1)	33.3	(29.5–37.4)	42.4	(33.9–51.4)	13.2	(11.2–15.4)
Shelby County, TN	25.3	(22.1–28.9)	33.0	(29.8–36.5)	29.1	(26.6–31.6)	28.1	(25.5–30.8)	36.1	(27.2–46.0)	24.0	(13.7–38.5)	29.8	(25.7–34.2)	39.2	(30.2–49.1)	21.9	(18.1–26.1)
Median	25.6		29.4		27.6		26.2		34.3		32.2		33.2		39.9		19.3
Range	18.4–32.7		21.0–34.0		19.7–32.2		19.7–31.6		18.7–41.8		23.5–41.3		21.4–37.2		26.1–46.4		12.5–22.9

* During the 12 months before the survey.
^† 95% confidence interval.
^§ Not available.

Top

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2017

**TABLE 94. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**

**TABLE 95. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 96. Percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 97. Percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017

TABLE 98. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

**TABLE 99. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 100. Percentage of high school students who usually got the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 101. Percentage of high school students who usually got the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017

TABLE 102. Percentage of high school students who reported current binge drinking,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

**TABLE 103. Percentage of high school students who reported current binge drinking,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 104. Percentage of high school students who reported 10 or more as the largest number of alcoholic drinks they had in a row,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 105. Percentage of high school students who reported 10 or more as the largest number of alcoholic drinks they had in a row,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017

**TABLE 106. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**

**TABLE 107. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 108. Percentage of high school students who tried marijuana* for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 109. Percentage of high school students who tried marijuana* for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017

TABLE 110. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

**TABLE 111. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 112. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

**TABLE 113. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

**TABLE 114. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**

**TABLE 115. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

**TABLE 116. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**

**TABLE 117. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

**TABLE 118. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**

**TABLE 119. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 120. Percentage of high school students who ever used methamphetamines,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

**TABLE 121. Percentage of high school students who ever used methamphetamines,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

**TABLE 122. Percentage of high school students who ever used ecstasy,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017**

**TABLE 123. Percentage of high school students who ever used ecstasy,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 124. Percentage of high school students who ever used hallucinogenic drugs,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 125. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 126. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017

TABLE 128. Percentage of high school students who ever took prescription pain medicine without a doctor’s prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017

TABLE 129. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

**TABLE 130. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017**

TABLE 131. Percentage of high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017

TABLE 132. Percentage of high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017