Antimicrobial Resistance & Patient Safety Portal (AR & PSP)

At a glance

Information on data sources for the Antimicrobial Resistance & Patient Safety Portal (AR&PSP).

Overview

The Antimicrobial Resistance & Patient Safety Portal (AR&PSP) is an interactive web-based application that was created to innovatively display data collected through CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network), and other sources. It offers enhanced data visualizations on Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotic Use and Stewardship datasets, Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) data as well as other healthcare-related data.

Antimicrobial Resistance (AR) Data

CDC's AR Data provides open and interactive data about HAIs caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, which are reported to CDC through the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). AR Data currently includes data from facilities that reported at least one HAI to NHSN, including:

  • General acute care hospitals
  • Pediatric hospitals
  • Oncology hospitals
  • Long-term acute care hospitals
  • Inpatient rehabilitation facilities
Keep Reading: Access Antimicrobial Resistance Data

Due to limited data, long-term care and skilled nursing facilities are not included at this time.

The data shown in AR Data were gathered after one of three key types of infections occurred in the hospital:

At the national level, SSI data reflect all types of SSIs (superficial, deep, and organ/space) that occurred following any of the 39 NHSN inpatient procedures.

AR Data includes resistance data for 29 bug-drug profiles (or phenotypes, pathogen-antibiotic combinations that are used to describe the bacteria's resistance to a specific drug(s)). These phenotypes include, but are not limited to:

For a full list of pathogen-drug combinations, read the Phenotype Definitions document available in the "About the Data" section of the AR&PSP.

To read how the data were gathered and limitations of the data, please read the Methodology document available in the "About the Data" section of the AR&PSP. AR data helps inform, but does not replace, national estimates of cases of infection reported by CDC in the Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (2019 AR Threats Report). The percent resistance describes the proportion of all pathogens that are resistant to certain antibiotics. Percentages shown in the portal may not reflect the total burden of healthcare-associated infections. For example, State A has a higher percentage of MRSA (48%) among all years and HAIs compared to State B (46%), however State B had more MRSA infections (1,393) than State A (20). For an estimate of total burden of disease, please see the 2019 AR Threats Report.

Additional resources:

Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network) Data

CDC's AR Lab Network supports nationwide lab capacity to rapidly detect antimicrobial resistance and inform local responses to prevent spread and protect people. The network closes the gap between local capabilities and the data needed to combat AR in healthcare, food, and the community. The AR&PSP displays the healthcare-associated infection data collected by the AR Lab Network.

Data displays

  • National snapshot of carbapenemase genes detected across 3 priority organisms (Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii) and carbapenemase gene screens (colonization screening).
  • Profiles for the 3 priority organisms:
    • Number of isolates tested.
    • Percentage with targeted carbapenemase gene detected.
    • Most common carbapenemase gene detected.
    • Carbapenemase genes detected by state, genus, and region.
  • Profile for colonization screening including:
    • Number of screens performed.
    • Percentage with targeted carbapenemase gene detected.
    • Most common carbapenemase gene detected.
    • Carbapenemase genes detected from screens, by region.
Keep Reading: Access Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network Data

Details about lab testing techniques and data management and analysis can be found in the methodology section of the AR Lab Network section of the AR&PSP.

The AR Lab Network is not a surveillance system so these data cannot be generalized to the entire nation. Caution should be used when comparing data between states or regions; within each state, isolate submissions and testing are determined by state regulations and priorities. A higher frequency of detection does not necessarily mean higher rates of incidence.

Inpatient Antibiotic Use Data

CDC's antibiotic use data includes Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratios (SAARs), which are risk-adjusted summary measures used by acute care hospitals participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) antimicrobial use option to describe antimicrobial use by comparing the number of observed antimicrobial days to the number of predicted antimicrobial days.

Keep Reading: Access Inpatient Antibiotic Use: All SAAR Agent Categories Data

Outpatient Antibiotic Use Data

View outpatient antibiotic prescription data from IQVIA Xponent data and U.S. Census files in an interactive database.

Description: Data on oral antibiotic prescriptions dispensed to outpatients in U.S. community pharmacies.1

Keep Reading: Access Outpatient Antibiotic Use Data

  • Community pharmacies
  • Mail-order pharmacies

Federal healthcare facilities and pharmacies were not included.

The national data includes 10 antibiotic classes; the state data includes 4 common antibiotic classes such as:

  • Penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin)
  • Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)
  • Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
  • Cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin, cefdinir)

Antibiotic Stewardship Data

Description: Data on antibiotic stewardship practices in U.S. acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities.2

Keep Reading: Access Antibiotic Stewardship Data

Data is gathered on the 7 Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs.

  1. Leadership Commitment: Dedicating necessary human, financial and IT resources.
  2. Accountability: Appointing a single leader responsible for program outcomes.
  3. Pharmacy Expertise: Appointing a single pharmacist leader responsible for working to improve antibiotic use.
  4. Action: Implementing at least one recommended action.
  5. Tracking: Monitoring antibiotic prescribing and resistance patterns.
  6. Reporting: Regular reporting information on antibiotic use and resistance to doctors, nurses and relevant staff.
  7. Education: Educating clinicians about resistance and optimal prescribing.

Healthcare- and Community-associated Infection Data

The AR&PSP includes data on healthcare-associated (infections that occur while receiving healthcare or soon thereafter) and community-associated (infections that occur without recent inpatient healthcare) infections from two surveillance platforms that report data to CDC.

Healthcare-associated infection data reported from across the U.S. to NHSN include:

Please see the Current HAI Progress Report page or the AR & PSP for more information.

Healthcare-associated and community-associated infection data reported from sites engaged in the Emerging Infections Program include:

Keep Reading: Access Healthcare-Associated Infections Data

Healthcare Personnel (HCP) Flu Vaccination Data

The AR&PSP currently includes data for influenza vaccination in healthcare personnel. Data reflect Influenza vaccination status by facility type, as well as HCP status (e.g., employee, licensed practitioner) across the United States.2

Keep reading:

Print
Content Source:
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
  1. Xponent database from IQVIA (Danbury, Connecticut)
  2. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)