The results of tests performed by clinical laboratories nationwide are summarized below. Data from clinical laboratories (the percentage of specimens tested that are positive for influenza) are used to monitor whether influenza activity is increasing or decreasing.
Week 5 | Data Cumulative since September 29, 2019 (week 40) |
|
---|---|---|
No. of specimens tested | 53,247 | 738,331 |
No. of positive specimens (%) | 15,875 (29.8%) |
129,997 (17.6%) |
Positive specimens by type | ||
Influenza A | 8,637 (54.4%) | 52,928 (40.7%) |
Influenza B | 7,238 (45.6%) | 77,069 (59.3%) |
The predominant virus also varies by age group. Nationally, for the season overall, influenza B viruses are the most commonly reported influenza viruses among children and young adults age 0-4 years (56% of reported viruses) and 5-24 years (73% of reported viruses), while A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses are the most commonly reported influenza viruses among persons 25-64 years (53% of reported viruses) and 65 years of age and older (60% of reported viruses). For this season, 52% of influenza positive specimens reported by public health laboratories were among persons less than 25 years of age and less than 13% were from persons age 65 and older.
The results of tests performed by public health laboratories nationwide are summarized below. Data from public health laboratories are used to monitor the proportion of circulating viruses that belong to each influenza subtype/lineage.
Week 5 | Data Cumulative since September 29, 2019 (week 40) |
|
---|---|---|
No. of specimens tested | 2,129 | 46,258 |
No. of positive specimens | 1,365 | 24,403 |
Positive specimens by type/subtype | ||
Influenza A | 898 (65.8%) | 11,670 (47.8%) |
(H1N1)pdm09 | 810 (95.7%) | 10,087 (88.9%) |
H3N2 | 36 (4.3%) | 1,255 (11.1%) |
Subtyping not performed | 52 | 328 |
Influenza B | 467 (34.2%) | 12,733 (52.2%) |
Yamagata lineage | 2 (0.5%) | 168 (1.7%) |
Victoria lineage | 393 (99.5%) | 9,765 (98.3%) |
Lineage not performed | 72 | 2,800 |
Nationally, influenza B/Victoria viruses have been reported more frequently than other influenza viruses this season. However, during recent weeks, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have been reported more frequently than B/Victoria viruses. The predominant virus varies by region. Regional and state level data about circulating influenza viruses can be found on FluView Interactive.
Additional virologic surveillance information for current and past seasons:
Surveillance Methods | FluView Interactive: National, Regional, and State Data or Age Data
CDC performs genetic and antigenic characterization of U.S. viruses submitted from state and local health laboratories using Right Size Roadmap submission guidance. These data are used to compare how similar the currently circulating influenza viruses are to the reference viruses used for developing new influenza vaccines and to monitor evolutionary changes that continually occur in circulating influenza. Antigenic characterization data are based on an animal model (influenza-naive ferrets), and do not reflect pre-existing protection provided by past influenza infections and vaccinations. Additional antigenic characterization studies involving people vaccinated with current influenza vaccines are conducted later in the season; these data account for pre-existing protection in different populations against circulating influenza viruses. Genetic and antigenic characterization data are not used to make calculations about vaccine effectiveness (VE). CDC conducts VE studies each year to measure the benefits of flu vaccines in people.
CDC genetically characterized 1,260 influenza viruses collected in the U.S. from September 29, 2019, to February 1, 2020.
Virus Subtype or Lineage | Genetic Characterization | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total No. of Subtype/Lineage Tested | Â Â Â Â Â Â Clade | Number (% of subtype/lineage tested) | Â Â Â Â Â Â Subclade | Number (% of subtype/lineage tested) | |
A/H1 | 397 | ||||
6B.1A | 397 (100%) | ||||
A/H3 | 301 | ||||
3C.2a | 290 (96.3%) | 2a1 | 290 (96.3%) | ||
  | 2a2 | 0 | |||
   | 2a3 | 0 | |||
2a4 | 0 | ||||
3C.3a | 11 (3.7%) | 3a | 11 (3.7%) | ||
B/Victoria | 509 | ||||
V1A | 509 (100%) | V1A | 0 | ||
V1A.1 | 42 (8.3%) | ||||
V1A.3 | 467 (91.7%) | ||||
B/Yamagata | 53 | ||||
Y3 | 53 (100%) |
CDC antigenically characterizes a subset of influenza viruses by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or neutralization based Focus Reduction assays (FRA). Antigenic drift is evaluated by comparing antigenic properties of cell-propagated reference viruses representing currently recommended vaccine components with those of cell-propagated circulating viruses. CDC antigenically characterized 241 influenza viruses collected in the United States from September 29, 2019, to February 1, 2020. These data are not used to make calculations about vaccine effectiveness (VE). CDC conducts VE studies each year to measure the benefits of flu vaccines in people.
Influenza A Viruses
Influenza B Viruses
CDC assesses susceptibility of influenza viruses to the antiviral medications including the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir) and the PA endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir using next generation sequence analysis supplemented by laboratory assays. Viruses collected in the United States since September 29, 2019, were tested for antiviral susceptibility as follows:
Antiviral Medication | Total Viruses | A/H1 | A/H3 | B/Victoria | B/Yamagata | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuraminidase Inhibitors | |||||||
Oseltamivir | Viruses Tested | 1,192 | 374 | 287 | 481 | 50 | |
Reduced Inhibition | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | ||
Highly Reduced Inhibition | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.3%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | ||
Peramivir | Viruses Tested | 1,192 | 374 | 287 | 481 | 50 | |
Reduced Inhibition | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | ||
Highly Reduced Inhibition | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.3%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | ||
Zanamivir | Viruses Tested | 1,192 | 374 | 287 | 481 | 50 | |
Reduced Inhibition | 1 (0.1%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | (0.0%) | ||
Highly Reduced Inhibition | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | ||
PA Endonuclease Inhibitor | |||||||
Baloxavir | Viruses Tested | 1,246 | 395 | 294 | 504 | 53 | |
Reduced Susceptibility | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) | (0.0%) |
A total of 259 additional viruses (118 H1pdm09, 19 H3, and 122 B) collected in Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin were analyzed for resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors by pyrosequencing assay. Two (1.7%) of the 118 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses tested had the H275Y amino acid substitution in the neuraminidase that confers resistance to oseltamivir and potential resistance to peramivir. No markers of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors were detected in A(H3N2) and type B viruses tested.
Nationwide during week 5, 6.7% of patient visits reported through the U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) were due to influenza-like illness (ILI). This percentage is above the national baseline of 2.4%.
On a regional level, the percentage of outpatient visits for ILI ranged from 4.0% to 10.9% during week 5. All regions reported a percentage of outpatient visits for ILI above their region-specific baselines.
Data collected in ILINet are used to produce a measure of ILI activity* by state.
During week 5, the following ILI activity levels were experienced:
*Data collected in ILINet may disproportionally represent certain populations within a state, and therefore, may not accurately depict the full picture of influenza activity for the whole state. Differences in the data presented here by CDC and independently by some state health departments likely represent differing levels of data completeness with data presented by the state likely being the more complete.
Additional information about medically attended visits for ILI for current and past seasons:
Surveillance Methods | FluView Interactive: National, Regional, and State Data or ILI Activity Map
The influenza activity reported by state and territorial epidemiologists indicates geographic spread of influenza viruses but does not measure the severity of influenza activity.
During week 5, the following influenza activity was reported:
Additional geographic spread surveillance information for current and past seasons:
Surveillance Methods | FluView Interactive
The Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations in select counties in the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) states and Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Project (IHSP) states.
A total of 10,314 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported by FluSurv-NET sites between October 1, 2019 and February 1, 2020; 6,416 (62.2%) were associated with influenza A virus, 3,835 (37.2%) with influenza B virus, 31 (0.3%) with influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-infection, and 32 (0.3%) with influenza virus for which the type was not determined. Among those with influenza A subtype information, 1,397 (92.6%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and 112 (7.4%) were A(H3N2).
The overall cumulative hospitalization rate was 35.5 per 100,000 population which is similar to what has been seen during recent previous influenza seasons at this time of year. Rates in children and young adults are higher than at this time in recent seasons.
The highest rate of hospitalization is among adults aged ≥65, followed by children aged 0-4 years and adults aged 50-64 years.
Age Group | 2019-2020 Season Cumulative Rate per 100,000 Population |
---|---|
Overall | 35.5 |
0-4 years | 56.9 |
5-17 years | 15.1 |
18-49 years | 20.2 |
50-64 years | 44.9 |
65+ years | 85.1 |
Among 1,332 hospitalized adults with information on underlying medical conditions, 91.6% had at least one reported underlying medical condition, the most commonly reported were cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorder, obesity, and chronic lung disease. Among 297 hospitalized children with information on underlying medical conditions, 46.5% had at least one underlying medical condition; the most commonly reported was asthma. Among 253 hospitalized women of childbearing age (15-44 years) with information on pregnancy status, 25.3% were pregnant.
Additional hospitalization surveillance information for current and past seasons and additional age groups:
Surveillance Methods | FluView Interactive: Rates by Age or Patient Characteristics
Based on National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality surveillance data available on February 6, 2020, 7.1% of the deaths occurring during the week ending January 25, 2020 (week 4) were due to P&I. This percentage is below the epidemic threshold of 7.2% for week 4.
Additional pneumonia and influenza mortality surveillance information for current and past seasons:
Surveillance Methods | FluView Interactive
Ten influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurring during the 2019-2020 season between weeks 1 and 4 (the weeks ending January 4, 2020 and January 25, 2020) were reported to CDC during week 5. Seven were associated with influenza B viruses; none had a lineage determined. Three were associated with influenza A viruses, and one was subtyped and was an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.
One influenza-associated pediatric death occurring during the 2018-2019 season in week 30 (the week ending July 27, 2019) was reported to CDC during week 5, bringing the total during that season to 144. This was associated with an influenza A virus.
Of the 78 influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurring during the 2019-2020 season and reported to CDC:
Additional pediatric mortality surveillance information for current and past seasons:
Surveillance Methods | FluView Interactive
FluView Interactive: FluView includes enhanced web-based interactive applications that can provide dynamic visuals of the influenza data collected and analyzed by CDC. These FluView Interactive applications allow people to create customized, visual interpretations of influenza data, as well as make comparisons across flu seasons, regions, age groups and a variety of other demographics. To access these tools, visit http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluviewinteractive.htm
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Monthly surveillance data on the prevalence of health-related workplace absenteeism among full-time workers in the United States are available from NIOSH at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/absences/default.html
U.S. State and local influenza surveillance:Select a jurisdiction below to access the latest local influenza information
World Health Organization: Additional influenza surveillance information from participating WHO member nations is available through FluNet and the Global Epidemiology Reports.
WHO Collaborating Centers for Influenza located in Australia, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (CDC in Atlanta, Georgia).
Europe: For the most recent influenza surveillance information from Europe, please see WHO/Europe and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control at http://www.flunewseurope.org/.
Public Health Agency of Canada: The most up-to-date influenza information from Canada is available at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fluwatch/
Public Health England: The most up-to-date influenza information from the United Kingdom is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/weekly-national-flu-reports
An overview of the CDC influenza surveillance system, including methodology and detailed descriptions of each data component, is available at: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/overview.htm.
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