Appendix H: Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal)

At a glance

This page includes recommendations for health care providers for the use of coitus interruptus (withdrawal) for persons who have certain characteristics or medical conditions. This information comes from the 2024 U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (U.S. MEC).

Overview

Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, is a contraceptive method in which the penis is completely removed from the vagina and away from the external genitalia before ejaculation. Coitus interruptus prevents sperm from entering the vagina, thereby preventing contact between spermatozoa and the ovum.

Coitus interruptus has no directly associated health risks. Coitus interruptus does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV infection, and patients using coitus interruptus should be counseled that consistent and correct use of external (male) latex condoms reduces the risk for STIs, including HIV infection.[1] Use of internal (female) condoms can provide protection from transmission of STIs, although data are limited.[1] Patients also should be counseled that pre-exposure prophylaxis, when taken as prescribed, is highly effective for preventing HIV infection.[2]

References

  1. Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep 2021;70(No. RR-4):1–187. PMID:34292926 https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
  2. CDC. US Public Health Service preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States—2021 update: a clinical practice guideline. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2021.pdf

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Content Source:
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP); Division of Reproductive Health