|
|
|||||||||
|
Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: mmwrq@cdc.gov. Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. AppendixMicroscopic Procedures for Diagnosing MalariaTo establish the diagnosis of malaria, a blood film must be prepared from fresh blood obtained by pricking a patient's finger with a sterile, nonreusable lancet (Figure A-1). Two types of blood films can be used: thin films (as used for hematology) and thick films. Thick and thin films can be made as separate or as combination slides (Figure A-2). Thick blood films are more sensitive in detecting malaria parasites because the blood is concentrated, allowing a greater volume of blood to be examined. However, thick films are more difficult to read. The thin film should be air-dried, fixed with methanol, and allowed to dry before staining; the thick film should also be thoroughly dried but stained without fixation. For best staining results, blood films should be stained with a 2.5% Giemsa solution (pH of 7.2) for 45 minutes (alternate: 7.5% Giemsa for 15 minutes). Wright-Giemsa stain can also detect malaria parasites but does not demonstrate Schüffner's dots as reliably as Giemsa. Plasmodium parasites are always intracellular, and they demonstrate, if stained correctly, blue cytoplasm with a red chromatin dot. Common errors in reading malaria films can be caused by platelets overlying a red blood cell, concern regarding missing a positive slide, and misreading artifacts as parasites. In P. falciparum infections, the parasite density should be estimated by counting the percentage of red blood cells infected --- not the number of parasites --- under an oil immersion lens on a thin film. Persons suspected of having malaria, but whose blood films do not indicate the presence of parasites, should have blood films repeated approximately every 12--24 hours for 3 consecutive days. If films remain negative, the diagnosis of malaria is unlikely. A useful complement to microscopy is polymerase chain reaction (e.g., when microscopy fails to determine parasite species or for confirming negative blood smears). Additional information regarding collecting and preparing blood films is available at CDC's Division of Parasitic Diseases Internet site, DPDx --- Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern (http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx). Figure A-1
Disclaimer All MMWR HTML versions of articles are electronic conversions from ASCII text into HTML. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users should not rely on this HTML document, but are referred to the electronic PDF version and/or the original MMWR paper copy for the official text, figures, and tables. An original paper copy of this issue can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9371; telephone: (202) 512-1800. Contact GPO for current prices. **Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to mmwrq@cdc.gov.Date last reviewed: 5/31/2005 |
|||||||||
|