Medscape CME Activity
Medscape, LLC is pleased to provide online continuing medical education (CME) for selected journal articles, allowing clinicians the opportunity to earn CME credit. These activities have been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Medscape, LLC and Preventing Chronic Disease. Medscape, LLC is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
CME ACTIVITY16 November 2023
PEER REVIEWED
Cornelius ME, Wang TW, Jamal A, Loretan CG, Willis G, Graham-Glover B, et al. State-Specific Prevalence of Adult Tobacco Product Use and Cigarette Smoking Cessation Behaviors, United States, 2018–2019. Prev Chronic Dis 2023;20:230132. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230132
CME ACTIVITY19 October 2023
PEER REVIEWED
Le A, Rohweder C, Wheeler SB, Lafata JE, Teal R, Giannone K, et al. Self-Collection for Primary HPV Testing: Perspectives on Implementation From Federally Qualified Health Centers. Prev Chronic Dis 2023;20:230056. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230056
CME ACTIVITY6 April 2023
PEER REVIEWED
E23: Discounting Health Grades for Disparity: The 2021 Wisconsin Population Health and Equity Report Card
Olson-Williams H, Gennuso KP, Givens ML, Kindig DA. Discounting Health Grades for Disparity: The 2021 Wisconsin Population Health and Equity Report Card. Prev Chronic Dis 2023;20:220301. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.220301
CME ACTIVITY26 January 2023
PEER REVIEWED
Morey BN, Ryu S, Shi Y, Lee S. The Mediating Role of Sleep Disturbance on the Association Between Stress and Self-Rated Health Among Chinese and Korean Immigrant Americans. Prev Chronic Dis 2023;20:220241. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.220241
CME ACTIVITY22 December 2022
PEER REVIEWED
E87: Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Mental Health Conditions
Loretan CG, Wang TW, Watson CV, Jamal A. Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Mental Health Conditions. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:220184. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.220184
CME ACTIVITY27 October 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Hulbert LR, Michael SL, Charter-Harris J, Atkins C, Skeete RA, Cannon MJ. Effectiveness of Incentives for Improving Diabetes-Related Health Indicators in Chronic Disease Lifestyle Modification Programs: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:220151. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.220151
CME ACTIVITY22 September 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Elharake JA, Shafiq M, Cobanoglu A, Malik AA, Klotz M, Humphries JE, et al. Prevalence of Chronic Diseases, Depression, and Stress Among US Childcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19;220132. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.220132
CME ACTIVITY25 August 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Cunningham-Sabo L, Tagtow A, Mi S, Engelken J, Johnston K, Herman DR. Partnerships and Community Engagement Key to Policy, Systems, and Environmental Achievements for Healthy Eating and Active Living: a Systematic Mapping Review. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210466. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.210466
CME ACTIVITY28 July 2022
PEER REVIEWED
E45: 20-Year Trends in Tobacco Sales and Self-Reported Tobacco Use in the United States, 2000–2020
Nkosi L, Odani S, Agaku IT. 20-Year Trends in Tobacco Sales and Self-Reported Tobacco Use in the United States, 2000–2020. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210435. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.210435
CME ACTIVITY23 June 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Lin CY, Gentile NL, Bale L, Rice M, Lee ES, Ray LS, et al. Implementation of a Physical Activity Vital Sign in Primary Care: Associations Between Physical Activity, Demographic Characteristics, and Chronic Disease Burden. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210457. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.210457
ORIGINAL RESEARCH14 April 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Zhu X, Weiser E, Jacobson DJ, Griffin JM, Limburg PJ, Finney Rutten LJ. Factors Associated With Clinician Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Average-Risk Patients: Data From a National Survey. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210315. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.210315
ORIGINAL RESEARCH31 March 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Ryan G, Gilbert PA, Ashida S, Charlton ME, Scherer A, Askelson NM. Challenges to Adolescent HPV Vaccination and Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions to Promote Vaccine Uptake During the COVID-19 Pandemic: “HPV Is Probably Not at the Top of Our List”. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210378. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.210378
ORIGINAL RESEARCH6 May 2021
PEER REVIEWED
Mills SD, Hao Y, Elliott AM, Wiesen CA. State-Level Patterns and Trends in Cigarette Smoking Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2011–2018. Prev Chronic Dis 2021;18:200507. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd18.200507
CME ACTIVITY25 February 2021
PEER REVIEWED
Modesto BT, Bartholomeu T, Basso L, Costa LAR, Tinucci T, Forjaz CLM. Effects of a Real-Life Park-Based Physical Activity Interventional Program on Cardiovascular Risk and Physical Fitness. Prev Chronic Dis 2021;18:200115. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd18.200115
CME ACTIVITY24 December 2020
PEER REVIEWED
E164: Overweight, Obesity, and Late-Life Sarcopenia Among Men With Cardiovascular Disease, Israel
Lutski M, Weinstein G, Tanne D, Goldbourt U. Overweight, Obesity, and Late-Life Sarcopenia Among Men With Cardiovascular Disease, Israel. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200167. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200167
CME ACTIVITY3 December 2020
PEER REVIEWED
E153: The Arkansas Minority Barber and Beauty Shop Health Initiative: Meeting People Where They Are
Smith C, Porter A III, Biddle J, Balamurugan A, Smith MR. The Arkansas Minority Barber and Beauty Shop Health Initiative: Meeting People Where They Are. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200277. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200277
CME ACTIVITY22 October 2020
PEER REVIEWED
Rodriguez Weno E, Mazzucca S, Parks RG, Padek M, Allen P, Brownson RC. Use and Awareness of The Community Guide in State and Local Health Department Chronic Disease Programs. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200196. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200196
CME ACTIVITY03 September 2020
PEER REVIEWED
E101: Telepharmacy and Quality of Medication Use in Rural Areas, 2013–2019
Pathak S, Haynes M, Qato DM, Urick BY. Telepharmacy and Quality of Medication Use in Rural Areas, 2013–2019. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200012
CME ACTIVITY27 August 2020
PEER REVIEWED
Murphy-Hoefer R, Davis KC, King BA, Beistle D, Rodes R, Graffunder C. Association Between the Tips From Former Smokers Campaign and Smoking Cessation Among Adults, United States, 2012–2018. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200052. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200052
CME ACTIVITY16 July 2020
PEER REVIEWED
Haverkamp D, English K, Jacobs-Wingo J, Tjemsland A, Espey D. Effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200049. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200049
CME ACTIVITY11 June 2020
PEER REVIEWED
Cash RE, Beverly Hery CM, Panchal AR, Bower JK. Association Between Sleep Duration and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2016. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:190424. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.190424
CME ACTIVITY28 May 2020
PEER REVIEWED
Lee HH, Kang AW, Lee H, Cha Y, Operario D. Cumulative Social Risk and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:190382. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.190382
CME ACTIVITY5 December 2019
PEER REVIEWED
Hannon PA, Maxwell AE, Escoffery C, Vu T, Kohn MJ, Gressard L, et al. Adoption and Implementation of Evidence-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Interventions Among Cancer Control Program Grantees, 2009–2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180682. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180682
CME ACTIVITY7 November 2019
PEER REVIEWED
E100: Strengthening Linkages Between Public Health and Health Care in Nebraska
Sun X, Palm D, Grimm B, Chen L. Strengthening Linkages Between Public Health and Health Care in Nebraska. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180600. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180600
CME ACTIVITY 5 September 2019
PEER REVIEWED
E121: How to Be an Informed Consumer of Evidence Ratings: It’s in the Details
Bergum A, Grigg L, Givens ML, Booske Catlin B, Willems Van Dijk J. How to Be an Informed Consumer of Evidence Ratings: It’s in the Details. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:190067. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.190067
CME ACTIVITY 8 August 2019
PEER REVIEWED
Yi SS, Wyatt LC, Patel S, Choy C, Dhar R, Zanowiak JM, et al. A Faith-Based Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure in Underserved Metropolitan New York Immigrant Communities. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180618. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180618
CME ACTIVITY 3 July 2019
PEER REVIEWED
E53: Diet Quality of Pregnant American Indian Women in the Northern Plains
Ferranti EP, Hartman TJ, Elliott AJ, Mitchell DC, Angal J, Nickleach D, et al. Diet Quality of Pregnant American Indian Women in the Northern Plains. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180536. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180536
CME ACTIVITY14 March 2019
PEER REVIEWED
E29: Awareness Among US Adults of Dental Sealants for Caries Prevention
Junger ML, Griffin SO, Lesaja S, Espinoza L. Awareness Among US Adults of Dental Sealants for Caries Prevention. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180398. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180398
CME ACTIVITY31 January 2019
PEER REVIEWED
E11: Patterns of Co-Occurrence of Chronic Disease Among Older Adults in Tokyo, Japan
Mitsutake S, Ishizaki T, Teramoto C, Shimizu S, Ito H. Patterns of Co-Occurrence of Chronic Disease Among Older Adults in Tokyo, Japan. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180170. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180170
CME ACTIVITY 21 November 2018
PEER REVIEWED
E142: Diabetes Treatment, Control, and Hospitalization Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 in Minnesota, 2013–2015
Styles E, Kidney RSM, Carlin C, Peterson K. Diabetes Treatment, Control, and Hospitalization Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 in Minnesota, 2013–2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:180255. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.180255
CME ACTIVITY 25 October 2018
PEER REVIEWED
E130: Forecasting Participants in the All Women Count! Mammography Program
Holzhauser C, Da Rosa P, Michael S. Forecasting Participants in the All Women Count! Mammography Program. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:180177. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.180177
CME ACTIVITY 23 August 2018
PEER REVIEWED
E106: Age-Specific Risk Factors for Advanced Stage Colorectal Cancer, 1981–2013
Moore KJ, Sussman DA, Koru-Sengul T. Age-Specific Risk Factors for Advanced Stage Colorectal Cancer, 1981–2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:170274. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.170274
CME ACTIVITY 26 July 2018
PEER REVIEWED
E97: Patterns and Trends in Cancer Screening in the United States
Hall IJ, Tangka FK, Sabatino SA, Thompson TD, Graubard BI, Breen N. Patterns and Trends in Cancer Screening in the United States. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:170465. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.170465
CME ACTIVITY 14 June 2018
PEER REVIEWED
Gheewala PA, Peterson GM, Zaidi STR, Jose MD, Castelino RL. Australian Community Pharmacists’ Experience of Implementing a Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Assessment Service. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:170485. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.170485
CME ACTIVITY 24 May 2018
PEER REVIEWED
E65: Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors During “Re-Entry” Following Cancer Treatment
Troeschel AN, Leach CR, Shuval K, Stein KD, Patel AV. Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors During “Re-Entry” Following Cancer Treatment. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:170277. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.170277
CME ACTIVITY 14 Dec 2017
PEER REVIEWED
E136: Time-Varying Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Depression
Thapa S, Selya AS, Jonk Y. Time-Varying Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Depression. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:170100. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.170100
CME ACTIVITY 16 Nov 2017
PEER REVIEWED
E115: Preventable Tooth Loss in Hawai‘i: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Diabetes, and Dental Visits
Deguchi M, Mau MK, Davis J, Niederman R. Preventable Tooth Loss in Hawai‘i: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Diabetes, and Dental Visits. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:170214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.170214
CME ACTIVITY 24 Aug 2017
PEER REVIEWED
Hosler AS, Michaels IH. Association Between Food Distress and Smoking Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Adults, Schenectady, New York, 2013–2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:160548. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160548
CME ACTIVITY 10 Aug 2017
PEER REVIEWED
E65: A Home-Based Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Intervention in Rural Guatemala
Flood D, Hawkins J, Rohloff P. A Home-Based Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Intervention in Rural Guatemala. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:170052. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.170052
CME ACTIVITY 29 June 2017
PEER REVIEWED
Oser CS, Fogle CC, Bennett JA. A Project to Promote Adherence to Blood Pressure Medication Among People Use Community Pharmacies in Rural Montana, 2014–2016. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:160409. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160409
CME ACTIVITY 25 May 2017
PEER REVIEWED
Nguyen KH, Tong VT, Marynak K, King BA. Perceptions of Harm to Children Exposed to Secondhand Aerosol From Electronic Vapor Products, Styles Survey, 2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:160567. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160567
CME ACTIVITY 20 April 2017
PEER REVIEWED
Fei K, Rodriguez-Lopez JS, Ramos M, Islam N, Trinh-Shevrin C, Yi SS, et al. Racial and Ethnic Subgroup Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence, New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:160478. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160478
CME ACTIVITY 16 February 2017
PEER REVIEWED
Garcia RI, Gregorich SE, Ramos-Gomez F, Braun PA, Wilson A, Albino J, et al. Absence of Fluoride Varnish–Related Adverse Events in Caries Prevention Trials in Young Children, United States. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:160372. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160372
CME ACTIVITY 26 January 2017
PEER REVIEWED
E09: Prevalence of Cancer Screening Among Adults With Disabilities, United States, 2013
Steele CB, Townsend JS, Courtney-Long EA, Young M. Prevalence of Cancer Screening Among Adults With Disabilities, United States, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:160312. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160312
CME ACTIVITY 29 December 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Barlow CE, Shuval K, Balasubramanian BA, Kendzor DE, Radford NB, DeFina LF, et al. Association Between Sitting Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors After Adjustment for Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cooper Center Longitudinal Study, 2010–2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:160263. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.160263
CME ACTIVITY 17 November 2016
PEER REVIEWED
E157: Heart Disease and Cancer Deaths — Trends and Projections in the United States, 1969–2020
Weir HK, Anderson RN, Coleman King SM, Soman A, Thompson TD, Hong Y, et al. Heart Disease and Cancer Deaths — Trends and Projections in the United States, 1969–2020. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:160211. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.160211
CME ACTIVITY 13 October 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Soumerai SB, Starr D, Majumdar SR. How Do You Know Which Health Care Effectiveness Research You Can Trust? A Guide to Study Design for the Perplexed. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150187. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150187
CME ACTIVITY 8 September 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Jung DH, Palta M, Smith M, Oliver TR, DuGoff EH. Differences in Receipt of Three Preventive Health Care Services by Race/Ethnicity in Medicare Advantage Plans: Tracking the Impact of Pay for Performance, 2010 and 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:160047. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.160047
CME ACTIVITY 4 August 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Huang L, Kowitt SD, Sutfin EL, Patel T, Ranney LM, Goldstein AO. Electronic Cigarette Use Among High School Students and Its Association With Cigarette Use And Smoking Cessation, North Carolina Youth Tobacco Surveys, 2011 and 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:150564. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150564
CME ACTIVITY 28 July 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Odom EC, Fang J, Zack M, Moore L, Loustalot F. Associations Between Cardiovascular Health and Health-Related Quality of Life, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:160073. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.160073
CME ACTIVITY 26 May 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Suryavanshi MS, Yang Y. Clinical and Economic Burden of Mental Disorders Among Children With Chronic Physical Conditions, United States, 2008–2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:150535. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150535. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150535
CME ACTIVITY 28 April 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Bernstein J, Gebel C, Vargas C, Geltman P, Walter A, Garcia RI, et al. Integration of Oral Health Into the Well-Child Visit at Federally Qualified Health Centers: Study of 6 Clinics, August 2014–March 2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:160066. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.160066
CME ACTIVITY 31 March 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Moore KL, Mercado J, Hill J, Katz SC. Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Status Among Farmworkers, Sonoma County, California, 2013–2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:150519. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150519
CME ACTIVITY 25 February 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Tomayko EJ, Weinert BA, Godfrey L, Adams AK, Hanrahan LP. Using Electronic Health Records to Examine Disease Risk in Small Populations: Obesity Among American Indian Children, Wisconsin, 2007–2012. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:150479. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150479
CME ACTIVITY 28 January 2016
PEER REVIEWED
Adams M. Routine Check-Ups and Other Factors Affecting Discussions With a Health Care Provider About Subjective Memory Complaints, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 21 States, 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2016;13:150471. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150471
CME ACTIVITY 31 December 2015
PEER REVIEWED
Okoro CA, Zhao G, Dhingra SS, Xu F. Lack of Health Insurance Among Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years: Findings From the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150328. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150328
CME ACTIVITY 25 November 2015
PEER REVIEWED
Weinhold KR, Miller CK, Marrero DG, Nagaraja HN, Focht BC, Gascon GM. A Randomized Controlled Trial Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program to a University Worksite, Ohio, 2012–2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150301. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150301
CME ACTIVITY 29 October 2015
PEER REVIEWED
Hoke AM, Kephart DK, Dillon JF, McCullough JR, Blatt BJ, Kraschnewski JL. Improving Community Health While Satisfying a Critical Community Need: A Case Study for Nonprofit Hospitals. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150230
CME ACTIVITY 3 September 2015
PEER REVIEWED
E143: Neighborhood Food Environment, Diet, and Obesity Among Los Angeles County Adults, 2011
Mejia N, Lightstone AS, Basurto-Davila R, Morales DM, Sturm R. Neighborhood Food Environment, Diet, and Obesity Among Los Angeles County Adults, 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150078. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150078
CME ACTIVITY 27 August 2015
PEER REVIEWED
Al Agili DE, Griffin SO. Effect of Family Income on the Relationship Between Parental Education and Sealant Prevalence, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2010. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150037. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150037
CME ACTIVITY 30 July 2015
PEER REVIEWED
E122: Implementing Legislation to Improve Hospital Support of Breastfeeding, New York State, 2009–2013
Dennison BA, Hawke BA, Ruberto RA, Gregg DJ. Implementing Legislation to Improve Hospital Support of Breastfeeding, New York State, 2009–2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150121. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150121
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