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Updated Oct. 24, 2023 | Print
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More than double the number of health workers reported harassment at work in 2022 than in 2018.
46%
Nearly half of health workers reported often feeling burned out in 2022, up from 32% in 2018.
44%
Nearly half of health workers intended to look for a new job in 2022, up from 33% in 2018.

The nation’s health workers need support

Health worker jobs in the U.S. involve demanding and sometimes dangerous duties, including exposure to infectious diseases and violence from patients and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic presented even more stressors. These included a surge of patients, longer working hours, and shortages of supplies and protective equipment. Health workers are reporting feeling fatigue, loss, and grief at levels higher than before the pandemic.

Study finds health worker mental health is suffering

This Vital Signs report contains an analysis from the CDC Quality of Worklife survey focused on well-being and working conditions, comparing data from 2018 to 2022. This timeline captures data before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also compared health workers with two other groups: essential workers and all other workers across industries.* Reports of poor mental health symptoms increased more for health workers than for other worker groups.

Supportive workplaces can help to promote well-being

Health workers reported fewer mental health issues when they said they work in supportive environments. Factors that may make workplaces more supportive include:

  • Participation in workplace decisions
  • Trust between management and workers
  • Proactive and helpful supervisors that promote:
    • Stress prevention,
    • Psychological health,
    • Support for productivity,
    • A harassment-free workplace, and
    • Enough time to complete tasks.
Read the full MMWR
ASL video: English | Spanish
Challenges

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Health workers were more likely to report poor working conditions than other workers.

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Improve Mental Health

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Health workers reported more poor mental health days than other workers.

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Support Well-Being

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Supportive workplaces may lessen mental distress health workers experience.

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Challenges

shield icon

Health workers were more likely to report poor working conditions than other workers.

blue shape
Improve Mental Health

scales icon

Health workers reported more poor mental health days than other workers.

blue shape
Support Well-Being

hand holding lightbulb icon

Supportive workplaces may lessen mental distress health workers experience.

blue shape

The nation’s health workers need support

Health worker jobs in the U.S. involve demanding and sometimes dangerous duties, including exposure to infectious diseases and violence from patients and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic presented even more stressors. These included a surge of patients, longer working hours, and shortages of supplies and protective equipment. Health workers are reporting feeling fatigue, loss, and grief at levels higher than before the pandemic.

Study finds health worker mental health is suffering

This Vital Signs report contains an analysis from the CDC Quality of Worklife survey focused on well-being and working conditions, comparing data from 2018 to 2022. This timeline captures data before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also compared health workers with two other groups: essential workers and all other workers across industries.* Reports of poor mental health symptoms increased more for health workers than for other worker groups.

Supportive workplaces can help to promote well-being

Health workers reported fewer mental health issues when they said they work in supportive environments. Factors that may make workplaces more supportive include:

  • Participation in workplace decisions
  • Trust between management and workers
  • Proactive and helpful supervisors that promote:
    • Stress prevention,
    • Psychological health,
    • Support for productivity,
    • A harassment-free workplace, and
    • Enough time to complete tasks.
Read the full MMWR
ASL video: English | Spanish
Challenges
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Health workers were more likely than workers in other sectors to report poor working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific aspects of health work added to this disparity. The study showed how symptoms of poor mental health and negative workplace conditions increased among health workers from 2018 to 2022 compared to other worker groups:

  • Burnout: In 2022, 46% of health workers reported feeling burned out often or very often compared to 32% in 2018. The percentage of other essential workers and all other workers reporting burnout was similar in the two years.
  • Harassment: The percentage of health workers who reported experiencing harassment more than doubled, going from 6% in 2018 to 13% in 2022. Other essential workers also reported an increase, from 8% in 2018 to 11% in 2022.
  • Trust in management: In 2022, 78% of health workers agreed or strongly agreed that they trusted management, compared to 84% in 2018. Other essential workers reported a smaller drop in trust in management—down to 77% in 2022 from 81% in 2018.
  • Workplace productivity: In 2022, 82% of health workers reported that their workplace conditions supported productivity, down from 91% in 2018. Other essential workers reported a smaller decrease–down to 77% in 2022 from 84% in 2018.
  • Turnover intention: In 2022, the percentage of health workers who intended to look for a new job increased to 44%, up from 33% in 2018. The percentage of other essential workers and all other workers who intended to look for a new job decreased.

Health Workers Had Worse Outcomes in 2022 Compared to 2018

Health workers reported higher levels of poor mental health days, burnout, intent to change jobs (turnover intention) and being harassed at work in 2022 compared to 2018.

Infographic 1: Health Workers Had Worse Outcomes in 2022 Compared to 2018
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Harassment Is Linked to Poorer Mental Health

Health workers who experienced harassment were more likely to report burnout, depression, and anxiety, compared with those who did not.

Harassment Is Linked to Poorer Mental Health

Health workers who experienced harassment were more likely to report burnout, depression, and anxiety, compared with those who did not.

Infographic 2: Harassment Is Linked to Poorer Mental Health
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Employers Can Take Steps to Address These Problems Now

Improving workplace policies and practices may also improve worker well-being. Here are 6 tips to get started.

Infographic 3: Employers Can Take Steps to Address These Problems Now
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What Can Be Done

How health workers viewed their workplace had a big impact on their stress from the COVID-19 pandemic. When they reported trusting their management, health workers had fewer symptoms of burnout. This shows that positive, supportive workplaces may act as a buffer and lessen the mental distress health workers experience.

Health workers’ mental health, under unprecedented strain from the pandemic, demands immediate attention and decisive action. The Vital Signs study is a wake-up call to the pressing need to support the mental health of health workers. By understanding which working conditions harm mental health, employers can address these work-related factors and promote worker well-being.

Employers can:

  • Improve workplace conditions that foster trust in management and prevent health worker burnout. Working conditions to focus on include:
    • Supporting adequate staff levels,
    • Providing helpful supervision, and
    • Preventing harassment of employees.
  • Encourage worker participation and two-way communication in decision-making.
  • Reduce stigma related to seeking help by eliminating intrusive questions for credentialing.
  • Provide and encourage use of paid leave for illness, family needs, and rest.

Supervisors and workers can:

  • Talk together about how to improve workplace conditions.
  • Use this study to show the importance of improving these working conditions in health occupations.
  • Discuss the benefits of better workplaces for everyone’s health and well-being.

Everyone can:

  • Support health workers by expressing appreciation for their essential work.
  • Treat them with understanding and respect as they care for us and our families.
Photo collage of a health care provider comforting another health care provider, doctor working on a tablet, nurses walking through a hospital, and two health care providers having a discussion.
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VITAL SIGNS RESOURCES