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Chlorobenzene
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 108–90–7
NIOSH REL: The 1989 OSHA PEL may not be protective to workers.
Current OSHA PEL: 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 10 ppm (46 mg/m3) TWA
Description of Substance: Colorless liquid with an almond-like odor.
LEL: . . 1.3% (10% LEL, 1,300 ppm)
Original (SCP) IDLH: 2,400 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: AIHA [1964] reported that 8,000 ppm was fatal to cats in 30 minutes [Patty 1963; Flury and Zernik 1931]. Patty [1963] reported that the exposure of cats for 1 hour to 2,400 to 2,900 ppm causes unsteadiness, tremor, and twitching [Flury and Zernik 1931]. Based on the data cited above, an IDLH of 2,400 ppm is chosen for this draft technical standard.
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50(ppm) | LCLo(ppm) | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF) | Derivedvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RatRat
Cat |
Eastman 1978Eastman 1978
Flury and Zernik 1931 |
LC67: 22,000LC67: 9,000 | ———-
8,000 |
2.3 hr3 hr
3 hr |
36,520 ppm (1.66)16,200 ppm (1.8)
8,000 ppm (1.0) |
3,652 ppm1,620 ppm
800 ppm |
Lethal dose data:
| Species | Reference | Route | LD50(mg/kg) | LDLo(mg/kg) | Adjusted LD | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RatRabbit
Mouse G. pig |
Clayton and Clayton 1981Clayton and Clayton 1981
Izmerov et al. 1982 Izmerov et al. 1982 |
oraloral
oral oral |
2,2902,250
2,300 2,250 |
———-
—– —– |
3,425 ppm3,365 ppm
3,440 ppm 3,365 ppm |
343 ppm337 ppm
344 ppm 337 ppm |
Other animal data: RD50 (mouse), 1,054 ppm [DeCeaurriz et al. 1981].
Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
| Revised IDLH: 1,000 ppmBasis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for chlorobenzene is 1,000 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [DeCeaurriz et al. 1981; Flury and Zernik 1931]. |
REFERENCES:
1. AIHA [1964]. Chlorobenzene. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 25:97-99.
2. Clayton GD, Clayton FE, eds. [1981]. Patty’s industrial hygiene and toxicology. Vol. 2B. Toxicology. 3rd rev. ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 3603.
3. DeCeaurriz JC, Micillino JC, Bonnet P, Guenier JP [1981]. Sensory irritation caused by various industrial airborne chemicals. Toxicol Lett 9:137-143.
4. Eastman Kodak Company [1978]. Toxicity and health hazard summary. Rochester, NY. [From ACGIH [1971]. Chlorobenzene. In: Documentation of threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 48-49.]
5. Flury F, Zernik F [1931]. Schädliche gase dämpfe, nebel, rauch- und staubarten. Berlin, Germany: Verlag von Julius Springer, p. 337 (in German).
6. Izmerov NF, Sanotsky IV, Sidorov KK [1982]. Toxicometric parameters of industrial toxic chemicals under single exposure. Moscow, Russia: Centre of International Projects, GKNT, p. 34.
7. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 1334.