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NIOSH Publication No. 97-141:

Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors

July 1997
 

A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and
Low Back


Chapter 4. Elbow Musculoskeletal Disorders (Epicondylitis): Evidence for Work-Relatedness - Tables and Figures

Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of:
4.1 Elbow MSDs associated with repetition/Risk indicator
4.2 Elbow MSDs associated with force/Risk indicator
4.3 Elbow MSDs associated with posture/Risk indicator
4.4 Elbow MSDs associated with vibration/Risk indicator
4.5 Epidemiologic studies evaluating elbow musculoskeletal disorders
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4.1 Elbow MSDs associated with repetition/Risk indicator

Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of elbow MSDs associated with repetition

Study (first author and year) Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*,† Participation rate >70% Physical examination Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status Basis for assessing elbow exposure to repetition
Met at least one criterion:
Andersen 1993a 1.7 Yes No Yes Job titles or self-reports
Baron 1991 2.3 No Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Burt 1990 2.8† Yes No Yes Job titles or self-reports
Byström 1995 0.74 Yes Yes No Job titles or self-reports
McCormack 1990 0.5–1.2 Yes Yes NR‡ Job titles or self-reports
Met none of the criteria:
Ohlsson 1989 1.5–2.8 NR No NR Job titles or self-reports
Punnett 1985 2.4† No No NR Job titles or self-reports

*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk factors—not on repetition alone (i.e., repetition plus force, posture,

or vibration). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).

†Indicates statistical significance.

‡Not reported.

Figure 4.1 Chart

4.2 Elbow MSDs associated with force/Risk indicator

Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of elbow MSDs associated with force

Study (first author and year) Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*,† Participation rate >70% Physical examination Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status Basis for assessing elbow exposure to force
Met all four criteria:
Chiang 1993 6.75† (males)
1.44 (females)		 Yes Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Luopajärvi 1979 2.7 Yes Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Moore 1994 5.5† Yes Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Met at least one criterion:
Andersen 1993a 1.7 Yes No Yes Job titles or self-reports
Baron 1991 2.3 No Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Byström 1995 0.74 Yes Yes No Job titles or self-reports
Dimberg 1987 NR†,‡ Yes Yes NR Observation or measurements
Dimberg 1989 NR Yes Yes NR Observation or measurements
Kurppa 1991 6.7† Yes Yes N Observation or measurements
Punnett 1985 2.4† Yes No NR Job titles or self-reports
Ritz 1995 1.4–1.7† NR Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Roto 1984 6.4† Yes Yes Yes Job titles or self-reports
Viikari-Juntura 1991b 0.88 Yes Yes NR Observation or measurements

*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk factors—not on force alone (i.e., force plus repetition, posture, or

vibration). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).

†Indicates statistical significance. If combined with NR, a significant association was reported without a numerical value.

‡Not reported.

Figure 4.2 Chart

4.3 Elbow MSDs associated with posture/Risk indicator

Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of elbow MSDs associated with posture

Study (first author and year) Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*,† Participation rate >70% Physical examination Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status Basis for assessing elbow exposure to posture
Met all four criteria:
Luopajärvi 1979 2.7 Yes Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Moore 1994 NR‡ Yes Yes Yes Observation or measurements
Met at least one criterion:
Dimberg 1987 NR† Yes Yes NR Observation or measurements
Dimberg 1989 NR Yes Yes NR Observation or measurements
Hoekstra 1994 4.0† Yes No Yes Job titles or self-reports
Hughes 1997 37.0† No Yes NR Observation or measurements

*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk indicators—not on posture alone (e.g., posture plus repetition, force, or vibration). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).

†Indicates statistical significance. If combined with NR, a significant association was reported without a numerical value.

‡Not reported.

Figure 4.3 Chart

4.4 Elbow MSDs associated with vibration/Risk indicator

Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of elbow MSDs associated with vibration

Study (first author and year) Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*,† Participation rate >70% Physical examination Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status Basis for assessing elbow exposure to vibration
Met at least one criterion:
Bovenzi 1991 4.9† NR‡ Yes Yes Observation or measurements

*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk indicators—not on vibration alone (e.g., vibration plus repetition,

force, or posture). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).

† Indicates statistical significance.

‡ Not reported.

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