Acetaldehyde
RTECS #
AB1925000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
44.06
Molecular Formula
C2H4O
Synonyms
Acetaldehyd (German)
Acetaldehyde (ACGIH:OSHA)
Acetic aldehyde
Acetylaldehyde
Aldehyde acetique (French)
Aldeide acetica (Italian)
Ethanal
NCI-C56326
Octowy aldehyd (Polish)
RCRA waste number U001
Acetaldehyde (ACGIH:OSHA)
Acetic aldehyde
Acetylaldehyde
Aldehyde acetique (French)
Aldeide acetica (Italian)
Ethanal
NCI-C56326
Octowy aldehyd (Polish)
RCRA waste number U001
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /human | 50 ppm/15M | JIHTAB 28,262,1946 | |
| eye /rabbit | 40 mg | severe | ENTOX* -,15,2005 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg open irritation test | mild | UCDS** 12/13/1963 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg | mild | ENTOX* -,15,2005 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 850 mmol/L | MUREAV 326,165,1995 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 1000 ppm/72H-continuous | TSITAQ 20,421,1978 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/rat | 100 µmol/L | MUREAV 101,237,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/hamster | 40 ppm | MUTAEX 3,207,1988 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 0.3 mmol/L/2H | MUTAEX 23,51,2008 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 1 mole/L/30M | MUREAV 58,115,1978 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 200 mmol/L | TOLED5 42,183,1988 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm/6H/5D-continuous | FAATDF 6,541,1986 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/rat | 500 mmol/L | FAATDF 6,541,1986 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 1560 µmol/L | MUREAV 337,9,1995 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 3 mmol/L | CRNGDP 15,985,1994 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/human | 30 mmol/L | CNREA8 45,2522,1985 |
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 10 mmol/L | CRNGDP 13,2389,1992 |
| DNA inhibition | fibroblast/rat | 1 mmol/L | JTEHD6 6,811,1980 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 7880 µg/plate | EVHPAZ 21,79,1977 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/rat | 500 µmol/L | MUREAV 101,237,1982 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/rat | 125 mg/kg | MUTAEX 17,15,2002 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 95 mg/kg | MUREAV 389,3,1997 |
| micronucleus test | liver/human | 0.9 mmol/L/24H | TXCYAC 198,315,2004 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 1400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | JTSCDR 33,31,2008 |
| micronucleus test | multiple/mouse | 500 ppm/14D-continuous | JTSCDR 33,31,2008 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 100 mg/L | MUTAEX 17,509,2002 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 10 mg/L | ENMUDM 4,331,1982 |
| morphological transform | kidney/rat | 3 mmol/L/3H | EJCODS 22,671,1986 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/rat | 100 µmol/L | JTEHD6 6,811,1980 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | fibroblast/human | 5 mmol/L | CRNGDP 15,985,1994 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 4 mmol/L | MUTAEX 3,193,1988 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | oral/mouse | 1400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | JTSCDR 33,31,2008 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 44060 µg/L (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 21,180,1993 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 7880 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | EVHPAZ 21,79,1977 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/human | 30 mmol/L | CNREA8 45,2522,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | fibroblast/rat | 1 mmol/L | JTEHD6 6,811,1980 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/rat | 12500 µmol/L | TXAPA9 83,86,1986 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster | 22500 ppm | ENMUDM 7,677,1985 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 13 mmol/L | EMMUEG 21,180,1993 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 250 ppm | MUREAV 215,187,1989 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | embryo/hamster | 20 ppm | MUTAEX 3,207,1988 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 0.3 mmol/L/2H | MUTAEX 23,51,2008 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 1200 µmol/L | ANYAA9 543,369,1988 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/human | 40 µmol/L | EXPEAM 34,195,1978 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/mouse | 15 ng/kg | MUREAV 68,291,1979 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/hamster | 500 µg/kg | MUREAV 88,389,1981 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 30 µmol/L | MUREAV 171,169,1986 |
| specific locus test | other cell types/mouse | 50 mg/L | MUTAEX 15,45,2000 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 180 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 222,359,1989 |
| specific locus test | fibroblast/human | 0.1 mmol/L/2H | MUREAV 652,12,2008 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 5 mg/m3 (60D prior to copulation/1-10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | VCVGK* -,361,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | 5 mg/m3 (60D prior to copulation/11-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | VCVGK* -,361,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 300 mg/kg (8-13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TJADAB 36,31A,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 50 mg/kg (12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | DADEDV 9,339,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 100 mg/kg (12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis | DADEDV 9,339,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 400 mg/kg (8-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | SEIJBO 23,13,1983 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 600 mg/kg (8-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | SEIJBO 23,13,1983 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 640 µg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 27,231,1983 |
| intravenous/mouse | 120 mg/kg (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JOANAY 128,65,1979 |
| intravenous/mouse | 4 gm/kg (6D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | JOANAY 132,107,1981 |
| oral/rat | 4800 mg/kg (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | AKYIDF 27,334,1992 |
| oral/rat | 5040 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | AKYIDF 27,334,1992 |
| oral/rat | 5040 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | AKYIDF 27,334,1992 |
| unreported route/mouse | 1000 mg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | VCVGK* -,360,1994 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 2040 ppm/7H/52W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | EJCODS 18,13,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 1410 ppm/6H/65W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | TXCYAC 31,123,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 735 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | TXCYAC 41,213,1986 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 310,1,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 mmol/L/3D | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXCYAC 310,1,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.45 mg/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TXAPA9 292,85,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1000 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/mlb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.5 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 108,305,2017 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 80.4 µmol/L/5D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TXAPA9 262,330,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1000 µmol/L/11D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TXAPA9 262,330,2012 |
| In Vitro/nac | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.25 pph/15M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,822,2014 |
| In Vitro/nax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 pph/15M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,822,2014 |
| In Vitro/nax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.25 pph/15M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,822,2014 |
| In Vitro/nax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.25 pph/15M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,822,2014 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/7H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 20000 mg/m3/1H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| inhalation/hamster | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 17000 ppm/4H | PEXTAR 24,162,1979 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 134 ppm/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JAMAAP 165,1908,1957 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20100 mg/m3 | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Excitement Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | GTPZAB 19(7),54,1975 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | Lowest published lethal concentration: 10000 mg/m3 | VCVGK* -,359,1984 | |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 13000 mg/m3/60M | Cardiac: Other changes | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 100000 mg/m3/30M | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Cardiac: Other changes | VCVGK* -,360,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/4H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | TOXID9 90,162,2006 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20300 mg/m3/2H | VCVGK* -,359,1984 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 23 gm/m3/4H | CUTOEX 1,47,1993 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/5M | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | JTSCDR 30,329,2005 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/20M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | JTSCDR 30,329,2005 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4H | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | JTSCDR 30,329,2005 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/3H | JTSCDR 30,329,2005 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/20M | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | JTSCDR 30,329,2005 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | JTSCDR 30,329,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13300 ppm/4H | ENTOX* -,15,2005 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13300 ppm/4H | Behavioral: Excitement Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | NTIS** OTS0534485 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m3/10M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 25000 mg/m3 | FATOAO 51,83,1988 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 567 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | TOXID9 78,199,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg | Behavioral: Sleep Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | PSCHDL 177,84,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 560 mg/kg | PSCHDL 177,84,2004 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | IMEMDT 36,101,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 556 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | JTSCDR 30,315,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 515 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | JTSCDR 30,315,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) | TOLED5 169,253,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JBCHA3 152,41,1944 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | EJPHAZ 520,51,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Taste: Change in function Behavioral: Ataxia | PSCHDL 167,130,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 560 mg/kg | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) | PSCHDL 167,130,2003 |
| intratracheal/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 96 mg/kg | PEXTAR 24,162,1979 | |
| intravenous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JPETAB 30,429,1927 |
| intravenous/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 6.25 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Histamines (including liberation not immunochemical in origin) | BJPCBM 144,422,2005 |
| intravenous/human | lowest published toxic dose: 10.6 mg/kg | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,360,1984 |
| intravenous/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JPETAB 30,429,1927 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | NEROEW 29,530,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 900 mg/kg | GTPZAB 25(11),57,1981 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 661 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | AGACBH 4,125,1974 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1930 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,15,2005 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mL/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3540 mg/kg | UCDS** 12/13/1963 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic | APTOA6 6,299,1950 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,359,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 1200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JPETAB 30,429,1927 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 640 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic | APTOA6 6,299,1950 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mL/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | VCVGK* -,359,1984 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 4560 ppm/6H/90D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | AEHLAU 30,449,1975 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 2500 mg/m3/2H/2W- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | VCVGK* -,360,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2217 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Olfaction: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 23,293,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 750 mg/m3/6H/52W- intermittent | Olfaction: Deviated nasal septum Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,360,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2500 mg/m3/8H/10D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FATOAO 51,83,1988 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/9W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | NTIS** PB234-882 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 1540 mg/kg/22W- continuous | Blood: Eosinophilia | NTIS** PB234-882 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1540 mg/kg/22W- continuous | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | NTIS** PB234-882 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes | FCTOD7 26,447,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1659 mL/kg/15W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | PSEBAA 121,681,1966 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Fluid intake | VCVGK* -,360,1994 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | VCVGK* -,360,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 25 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 36,101,1985 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 71,319,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 36,101,1985 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,319,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 71,319,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,83,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,151,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AINCM* 7,63,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,15,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 46,551,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 636,178,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,428,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,68,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 657,3,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,36,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NBREV* 11,107,1987 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,43,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 711,13,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,118,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,2921,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 752,99,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 27,275,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 28,485,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 759,49,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 55,77,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 199,203,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 769,34,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 203,20,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,294,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 765,19,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 767,23,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 768,53,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 94,93,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 32,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 61,120,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 36,105,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 831,1,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) | DTLWS* 3,10,1973 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 100 ppm (180 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 20 ppm (36 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (91 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);KZW 50 ppm (90 mg/m3), 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 25 ppm (46 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | ceiling concentration 25 ppm (45 mg/m3), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | short term exposure limit 25 ppm (46 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 100 ppm (180 mg/m3), C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 50 ppm (91 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 100 ppm (180 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 25 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 25 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | short term exposure limit 25 ppm (45 mg/m3), carc, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-INDIA | time-weighted average 100 ppm (180 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm (270 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | ceiling concentration 50 ppm (90 mg/m3), 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 100 ppm (180 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm (270 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | peak 25 ppm (45 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm, short term exposure limit 50 ppm, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | short term exposure limit 25 ppm (45 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 10 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 25 ppm (45 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (90 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 50 ppm (90 mg/m3), carc 3, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 180 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 200 ppm (360 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 200 ppm (360 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 20 ppm (37 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ACETALDEHYDE-air | Carcinogen (18 ppm LOQ) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 01038; Number of Industries 85; Total Number of Facilities 7801; Number of Occupations 95; Total Number of Employees Exposed 216533; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 97770 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 01038; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 85; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1745 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health