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Polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1254)

RTECS #
TQ1360000
CAS #
11097-69-1
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
September 2018
Molecular Weight
N/R
Molecular Formula
N/R
Synonyms
Arochlor 1254
Aroclor 1254
Chlorierte biphenyle, chlorgehalt 54% (German)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) (ACGIH,OSHA)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% Cl)
Clorodifenili, cloro 54% (Italian)
Diphenyle chlore, 54% de chlore (French)
NCI-C02664
PCB (OSHA)

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisintraperitoneal/other fish50 mg/kgCBPCEE 82,489,1985
Cytogenetic Analysisembryo/chicken1 mg/L/48HREPTED 19,79,2004
DNA adductliver/human60 µmol/L/24HTXAPA9 188,81,2003
DNA Damageoral/rat1295 mg/kgBSIBAC 57,407,1981
DNA Damageintraperitoneal/rat500 mg/kgBSIBAC 57,407,1981
DNA Damageliver/rat300 µmol/LSinJF# 26OCT1982
micronucleus testintraperitoneal/other fish50 mg/kgCYTBAI 47,147,1986
morphological transformoral/rat25 ppm/2Y-continuousEVHPAZ 60,89,1985
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse5 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 37,231,2001
sperm morphologyoral/other insects808 mgCYTBAI 11,167,1974
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisliver/rat20 mg/LCNREA8 42,3010,1982

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/rat 250 mg/kg (15D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
IJBOBV 25,1209,1993
oral/mouse 59400 µg/kg (3D pre-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralNTOTDY 3,5,1981
oral/rabbit 350 mg/kg (1-28D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
EVPHBI 1,67,1971
oral/rabbit 280 mg/kg (1-28D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicBECTA6 6,120,1971
oral/mammal (species unspecified) 14 mg/kg (30D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)TOXID9 4,83,1984
oral/rat 380 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine systemTOXID9 15,243,1995
oral/rat 38 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system
TOXID9 15,157,1995
oral/rat 152 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
TOXID9 15,157,1995
oral/rat 38 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, earTOXID9 30,25,1996
oral/rat 35 mg/kg (10-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine systemTXAPA9 136,269,1996
oral/rat 320 µg/kg (5D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
ENVRAL 66,52,1994
oral/rat 160 µg/kg (5D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalENVRAL 66,52,1994
oral/rat 222 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTXAPA9 174,188,2001
oral/rat 462.5 mg/kg (1D preg-15D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
BECTA6 48,715,1992
oral/rat 4 gm/kg (12-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTJADAB 21,62A,1980
oral/rat 192 mg/kg (6D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
ENVRAL 31,76,1983
oral/rat 148 mg/kg (6-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralFAATDF 33,120,1996
oral/rat 35 mg/kg (10-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTXAPA9 139,252,1996
oral/rat 90 mg/kg (7-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary systemFCTXAV 11,471,1973
oral/rat 40 mg/kg (5D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effectsBECTA6 38,946,1987
oral/rat 750 mg/kg (5D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)FCTXAV 13,507,1975
oral/rat 96 mg/kg (6-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralBRREAP 850,87,1999
oral/rat 304 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effectsHERED3 144,196,2000
oral/mouse 252 mg/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects
NRTXDN 23,375,2002
oral/rat 396 mg/kg (28D pre-16D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
TOSCF2 77,315,2004
oral/rat 228 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
TOSCF2 68,458,2002
oral/mouse 222 mg/kg (6-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
NRTXDN 23,375,2002
oral/rat 675 mg/kg (1-22D preg/23D after birth)Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
TOSCF2 77,51,2004
oral/mouse 90 mg/kg (6-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralARTODN 80,286,2006
oral/rat 138 mg/kg (6-22D preg/7D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
TXAPA9 231,165,2008
oral/rat 234 mg/kg (5D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemNRTXDN 32,981,2011
oral/rat 186 mg/kg (6D preg-14D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTXAPA9 256,290,2011
oral/rat 675 mg/kg (1-22D preg/23D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
TOLED5 207,82,2011
oral/mouse 630 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralFCTOD7 65,280,2014
oral/rat 675 mg/kg (1D preg-23D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effectsTOLED5 207,82,2011
oral/rat 675 mg/kg (1D preg-23D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTOLED5 229,41,2014
oral/rat 300 mg/kg (10-19D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicNETOX* 47,37,2015
oral/mouse 360 mg/kg (6-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
NRTXDN 26,183,2005
oral/rat 125 mg/kg (15-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemREPTED 20,521,2005
oral/rat 44 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
TOXID9 90,296,2006
oral/rat 138 mg/kg (6-21D preg/7D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicNETOX* 27,118,2006
oral/rat 396 mg/kg (28D pre-16D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
NETEEC 28,74,2006
oral/rat 43 mg/kg (1D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
TOXID9 44,222,2005
oral/rat 14 mg/kg (2-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTOXID9 66,27,2002
subcutaneous/rat 90 mg/kg (10-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects
TXCYAC 220,104,2006
subcutaneous/rat 90 mg/kg (10-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effectsTXCYAC 220,104,2006
subcutaneous/rat 270 mg/kg (10-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 72,133,2003
subcutaneous/mouse 300 mg/kg (14D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects
AECTCV 44,72,2003
subcutaneous/rat 90 mg/kg (10-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system
TOLED5 135,S83,2001
unreported route/rat 144 mg/kg (6D preg-7D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
TOXID9 44,221,2005
unreported route/rat 228 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTOXID9 66,27,2002

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg (19D pregnant)Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
JJIND8 71,157,1983
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 17 gm/kg/48W- continuousTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
JNCIAM 53,547,1974
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 73500 mg/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
EVHPAZ 60,89,1985
oral/rat toxic dose: 1 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors
CNREA8 41,5052,1981
oral/rat toxic dose: 3 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors
CNREA8 41,5052,1981
oral/rat toxic dose: 4 gm/kg/2Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Liver: Tumors
NCITR* NCI-TR-38,1978
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
BECTA6 18,552,1977

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/ftbInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/60DIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc.TIVIEQ 46,39,2018
In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysFCTOD7 65,280,2014
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/60DIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc.TIVIEQ 46,39,2018
In Vitro/mqaInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/20DIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiationTIVIEQ 29,876,2015
In Vitro/mqaInhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7.47 µmol/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiationTIVIEQ 29,876,2015
In Vitro/mqaInhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TXCYAC 295,8,2012
In Vitro/mqaInhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TXCYAC 295,8,2012
In Vitro/mtgInhibitor Concentration Low: 60 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TIVIEQ 28,373,2014
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/30MBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: PhosphokinaseTXAPA9 245,1,2010
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 30 mg/L/5MBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: PhosphokinaseTXAPA9 245,1,2010
intracerebral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 24 µg/kgBiochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatumTXCYAC 216,140,2005
intraperitoneal/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): >1250 mg/kgAECTCV 6,279,1977
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 880 mg/kgBECTA6 8,245,1972
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kgLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
ENVPAF 72,57,1991
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kgLiver: Other changes

Blood: Other changes
ENVPAF 72,57,1991
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kgBlood: Other changesENVPAF 72,57,1991
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kgEndocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
ENVPAF 72,57,1991
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kgLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TXAPA9 71,254,1983
intraperitoneal/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kgLiver: Liver function tests impaired

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
TOLED5 136,97,2002
intraperitoneal/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kgKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOLED5 136,97,2002
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kgBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)MOPMA3 13,924,1977
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kgEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionATSUDG 13,440,1989
intravenous/chicken lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kgKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function
JBCHA3 255,8275,1980
intravenous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 358 mg/kgVCVGK* -,58,1984
intravenous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 358 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea
FCTXAV 12,63,1974
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4 gm/kgAECTCV 6,279,1977
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1010 mg/kgTXAPA9 60,33,1981
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kgLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
EVHPAZ 109,1163,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 330 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
ARTODN 78,316,2004
Tank with water/Zebrafish lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/24HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningNRTXDN 53,93,2016

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intramuscular/domestic animal lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/20D- intermittentLiver: Other changesJEPOEC 12,17,1993
intramuscular/domestic animal lowest published toxic dose: 7500 µg/kg/12W- intermittentLiver: Other changesJEPOEC 12,17,1993
intramuscular/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/20D- intermittentLiver: Other changesJEPOEC 12,17,1993
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg/13D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
CBCPAI 99C,251,1991
intraperitoneal/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg/13D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
CBCPAI 99C,251,1991
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
FCTOD7 44,2040,2006
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in LH

Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TXCYAC 232,170,2007
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
NRTXDN 28,490,2007
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentMusculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
TXCYAC 241,99,2007
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)REPTED 23,239,2007
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
BCLPT* 105,92,2009
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/20D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
FCTOD7 47,1733,2009
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
REPTED 27,41,2009
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Blood: Other changes
TOLED5 222,45,2013
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/2W- intermittentBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): OtherBECTA6 19,729,1978
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
REPTED 19,201,2004
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
REPTED 19,201,2004
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Androgenic

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
REPTED 20,117,2005
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- intermittentBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: CatalasesREPTED 20,117,2005
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
JTEHD6 4,107,1978
intraperitoneal/wild bird lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg/13D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
CBCPAI 99C,251,1991
oral/domestic bird lowest published toxic dose: 431 mg/kg/8W- continuousAutonomic Nervous System: Sympathomimetic

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites
TXAPA9 53,75,1980
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lowest published toxic dose: 119 mg/kg/28D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
AECTCV 15,393,1986
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/17W- continuousCardiac: Changes in heart weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
AECTCV 6,279,1977
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 8365 µg/kg/4.5Y- intermittentImmunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune responseFAATDF 16,773,1991
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg/2.3Y- intermittentEye: Other eye effects

Blood: Changes in spleen

Skin and Appendages: Other: Nails
TOPADD 14,1,1986
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 14.6 mg/kg/2Y- intermittentEndocrine: Other changesAECTCV 19,939,1990
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 58.4 mg/kg/2Y- intermittentEndocrine: Effect on menstrual cycleAECTCV 19,939,1990
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 672 mg/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weightJTEHD6 5,605,1979
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/15D- continuousBehavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight
TXAPA9 40,91,1977
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 168 mg/kg/2W- continuousBehavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Liver: Changes in liver weight
ENPBBC 5,308,1975
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 672 mg/kg/2W- continuousReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
ENPBBC 5,308,1975
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 178 mg/kg/14D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainBECTA6 12,394,1974
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 552 mg/kg/14D- continuousBehavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Liver: Changes in liver weight
BECTA6 12,394,1974
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1965 mg/kg/14D- continuousEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weightBECTA6 12,394,1974
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 3360 mg/kg/7D- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldBECTA6 12,394,1974
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 75.6 mg/kg/21D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
TXAPA9 188,6,2003
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 8500 µg/kg/50D- intermittentEndocrine: Estrogenic

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TXCYAC 287,21,2011
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 8.5 µg/kg/50D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTXCYAC 287,21,2011
oral/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/30D- continuousBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
BIREBV 64,955,2001
oral/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/15D- continuousBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
BIREBV 64,955,2001
oral/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 102.9 mg/kg/30D- continuousEndocrine: Androgenic

Endocrine: Estrogenic

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight
MAERE* 24,179,1988
oral/quail lowest published toxic dose: 588 mg/kg/12W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments
JTEHD6 51,57,1997
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/14W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight
AJPAA4 70,363,1973
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 5.94 mg/kg/33D- continuousImmunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune responseTXAPA9 32,587,1975
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 10.26 mg/kg/57D- continuousEndocrine: Other changesTXAPA9 32,587,1975
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 119.7 mg/kg/57D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight
TXAPA9 32,587,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/40D- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionENDOAO 121,520,1987
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/20D- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionENDOAO 121,520,1987
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/150D- continuousBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): OtherENDOAO 121,520,1987
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 mg/kg/4W- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunctionVAAZA2 33,213,1980
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 84 mg/kg/4W- continuousEndocrine: Toxic goiter- hypofunctionVAAZA2 33,213,1980
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/5W- continuousEndocrine: Other changesJEPTDQ 1,587,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 756 mg/kg/18W- continuousLiver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens
JNCIAM 66,509,1981
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases
EXMPA6 22,376,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 165 mg/kg/11D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
CJPPA3 54,23,1976
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases
ATSUDG 12,85,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 63 mg/kg/7D- continuousBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: DehydrogenasesATSUDG 12,85,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 33.6 mg/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Fatty liver degeneration

Endocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
JTEHD6 6,421,1980
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/7D- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
TOXID9 72,313,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
TOXID9 44,420,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/7D- continuousBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 44,420,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4D- intermittentLiver: Fatty liver degeneration

Endocrine: Hypoglycemia

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 78,245,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/3D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOXID9 78,246,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/4W- intermittentBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FAATDF 40,68,1997
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5475 mg/kg/52W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
AECTCV 8,191,1979
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1652 mg/kg/35W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight
AEHLAU 25,354,1972
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/20W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
TXAPA9 37,112,1976
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/15W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Musculoskeletal: Other changes
TXCYAC 57,83,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 50400 µg/kg/12W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
BECTA6 12,669,1974
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/20D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
JTEHD6 3,769,1977
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/1W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
BECTA6 12,145,1974
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1920 µg/kg/4D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
BECTA6 34,427,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/5D- intermittentBlood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
BECTA6 13,14,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/5D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldBECTA6 13,14,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1820 mg/kg/52W- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TOSCF2 53,377,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1750 mg/kg/10W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FAATDF 20,288,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2625 mg/kg/15W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FAATDF 20,288,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/5W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction
FAATDF 20,288,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
CBCPAI 77C ,65,1984
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 632.4 mg/kg/372D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOSCF2 53,377,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1055.6 mg/kg/182D- continuousMusculoskeletal: Other changesTOSCF2 53,377,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 309.4 mg/kg/182D- continuousBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)TOSCF2 53,377,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/5W- intermittentLiver: Jaundice, other or unclassified

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TOXID9 66,283,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/5W- intermittentBlood: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments
TOXID9 66,283,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 224 mg/kg/7D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changesTOXID9 60,380,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/6D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOLED5 161,152,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1.8 mg/kg/3D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOXID9 -,167,2008
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/6D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOLED5 161,152,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/2W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on active transport
TXCYAC 300,12,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 56 mg/kg/14D- intermittentEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
TXCYAC 177,227,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction
TOSCF2 65,184,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/28D- intermittentBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): OtherTOLED5 225,240,2014
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 675 mg/kg/45D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOLED5 229,41,2014
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/14D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesNRTXDN 33,16,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes
TXAPA9 248,38,2010
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/7D- continuousEndocrine: Other changesTXAPA9 248,38,2010
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/6D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TXAPA9 248,178,2010
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 26.25 mg/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
MUREAV 746,144,2012
oral/wild bird lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/8W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in thyroid weightBECTA6 8,306,1972
parenteral/duck lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/10W- intermittentLiver: Other changesJEPOEC 12,17,1993
skin/rat lowest published toxic dose: 120 µg/kg/4D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
CJPPA3 54,23,1976
subcutaneous/domestic animal lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/20D- intermittentImmunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JEPOEC 9,283,1989
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/20D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
JEPOEC 9,283,1989
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg/5W- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Other changes
TOLED5 166,276,2006
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/6W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: CaTOLED5 166,276,2006
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/21D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
TOXID9 66,303,2002

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Limited EvidenceIMEMDT 18,43,1978
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMSUDL 7,322,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2AIMSUDL 7,322,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEVHPAZ 1,105,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWARVPAX 14,139,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRREVAH 44,1,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWSTEVA8 2,305,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWBISNAS 20,958,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENVRAL 5,249,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWARTODN 78,252,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 28,260,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,334,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTIHEEC 16,305,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWITODC* -,327,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 46,813,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 681,80,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,347,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNRTXDN 33,178,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETOX* 33,911,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 30,89,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 25,17,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 36,3,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 52,68,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 106,609,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 108,365,2017

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)DTLVS* 3,52,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 0.05 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);KZW 0.5 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 0.05 ppm (0.7 mg/m3), skin, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3 (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 0.04 ppm (0.5 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 0.03 mg/m3, Carcinogen, Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.05 ppm (0.5 mg/m3), KZG-week 0.4 ppm (4 mg/m3), carc 3, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHLORODIPHENYL (54% Cl)-air10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.001 mg/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code X1181; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 170; Number of Occupations 7; Total Number of Employees Exposed 3702; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1725

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/2000/108027)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: SHE-clonal assay; Rodent dominant lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);equivocal evidence:ratNCITR* NCI-TR-38,1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Polychlorobiphenyls, 5503; in serum, 8004
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 7, 1976 AND BULLETIN 45, 1986
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018