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2-Naphthylamine

RTECS #
QM2100000
CAS #
91-59-8
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
143.20
Molecular Formula
C10H9N
Synonyms
2-Aminonaftalen (Czech)
2-Aminonaphthalene
2-AN
2-Naftylamin (Czech)
2-Naftylamine (Dutch)
2-Naphthalamine
2-Naphthalenamine
2-Naphthylamin (German)
2-Naphthylamine mustard
6-Naphthylamine
beta-Naftalamin (Czech)
beta-Naftilamina (Italian)
beta-Naftylamin (Czech)
beta-Naftyloamina (Polish)
beta-Naphthylamin (German)
beta-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine (ACGIH:OSHA)
C.I. 37270
Fast Scarlet Base B
RCRA waste number U168
USAF CB-22

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
body fluid assaySalmonella typhimurium/rat250 µmol/kgTXCYAC 16,113,1980
Cytogenetic Analysisintraperitoneal/rat6 mg/kg/72HNULSAK 23,36,1980
Cytogenetic Analysisliver/rat50 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,570,1981
Cytogenetic Analysismultiple/non-mammalian species2500 µg/LMUREAV 319,223,1993
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster3330 µg/LPMRSDJ 1,551,1981
DNA adductAscites tumor/mouse30 µmol/LMUREAV 89,95,1981
DNA adductoral/Dog60 µmol/kgEVHPAZ 49,125,1983
DNA adductoral/Dog8 mg/kgCRNGDP 2,467,1981
DNA adduct/Escherichia coli30 µmol/LMUREAV 89,95,1981
DNA Damage/Bacillus subtilis2 mg/discPMRSDJ 1,175,1981
DNA Damage/Other microorganisms1 mmol/LMUREAV 368,235,1996
DNA Damagefibroblast/human50 µmol/LMUREAV 127,107,1984
DNA Damageintraperitoneal/rat1390 µmol/kgCRNGDP 2,1317,1981
DNA Damageliver/rat300 µmol/LMUREAV 113,357,1983
DNA Damagelymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified)1 mmol/LMUREAV 368,235,1996
DNA Damageother cell types/rat0.25 mmol/L/20HTXCYAC 179,115,2002
DNA Damageother cell types/human0.5 mmol/L/20HTXCYAC 179,115,2002
DNA Damageoral/mouse400 mg/kgMUREAV 440,1,1999
DNA inhibitionintraperitoneal/mouse20 gm/kgARGEAR 51,605,1981
DNA inhibitionHeLa cell/human200 µmol/LMUREAV 92,427,1982
DNA inhibitionHeLa cell/human20 mmol/LMUREAV 93,447,1982
DNA inhibitionliver/rat10 µmol/LCNREA8 45,337,1985
DNA repair/Saccharomyes cerevisiae50 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,502,1981
DNA repair/Bacillus subtilis5 gm/LMUREAV 42,19,1977
DNA repair/Escherichia coli25 mg/LJJIND8 62,873,1979
gene conversion and mitotic recombination/Saccharomyes cerevisiae50 ppmPMRSDJ 1,481,1981
host-mediated assayEscherichia coli/mouse200 mg/kgMUREAV 272,161,1992
micronucleus testother cell types/mouse229.16 mg/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 14,403,1999
micronucleus testmultiple/non-mammalian species2500 µg/LMUREAV 283,157,1992
micronucleus testintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgPMRSDJ 1,698,1981
micronucleus testoral/mouse300 mg/kg/3D-continuousMUREAV 234,161,1990
morphological transformembryo/mouse1 mg/LJNCIAM 52,1167,1974
morphological transformmammary gland/mouse1 µg/LCNREA8 39,1784,1979
morphological transformoral/rat400 mg/kgCNREA8 40,1157,1980
morphological transformembryo/rat5 mg/LJNCIAM 51,799,1973
morphological transformother cell types/human68 mg/LITCSAF 17,719,1981
morphological transformembryo/mouse5 mg/L/72HMUREAV 702,100,2010
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse3 mg/L/10DMUREAV 702,100,2010
morphological transformembryo/hamster45 mg/L/7DMUREAV 755,108,2013
morphological transformembryo/hamster1600 µg/LCRNGDP 1,323,1980
morphological transformkidney/hamster25 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,638,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cellslymphocyte/mouse225 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,580,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cellsovary/hamster50 mg/LMUREAV 94,449,1982
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium640 mg/L/65H (+enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 57,687,2016
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium20 µg/plate/20M (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 498,19,2001
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium1 nmol/plate/20MEMMUEG 38,268,2001
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium4 mg/L/72H (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 558,181,2004
mutation in microorganisms/Neurospora crassa200 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)CNREA8 32,1890,1972
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae698 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)MGGEAE 174,39,1979
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae89 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)PMRSDJ 1,414,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Escherichia coli1 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)PMRSDJ 1,387,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium2500 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step)PMRSDJ 1,261,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium2 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)BECTA6 17,739,1977
mutation in microorganisms/Bacillus subtilis5 gm/L (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 42,19,1977
mutation in microorganismslymphocyte/mouse4720 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 12(Suppl 13),37,1988
other mutation test systems/Escherichia coli7 nmol/tubeMUREAV 147,79,1985
phage inhibition capacity/Escherichia coli25 mg/LCNREA8 41,532,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Saccharomyes cerevisiae50 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,468,1981
sister chromatid exchangeintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgMUREAV 108,225,1983
sister chromatid exchangeovary/hamster5 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,551,1981
specific locus testoral/Drosophila melanogaster700 µmol/LCNREA8 30,195,1970
specific locus testintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgMUREAV 121,267,1983
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisliver/rat10 µmol/LENMUDM 3,11,1981
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisfibroblast/human800 µg/LTXCYAC 21,151,1981
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisliver/hamster50 µmol/LMUREAV 136,255,1984

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
implant/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
BJCAAI 10,539,1956
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/8W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
JJIND8 67,1299,1981
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1300 mg/kg/13W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
CNREA8 28,535,1968
multiple/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 3077 mg/kg/78W- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
AJPAA4 13,656,1937
multiple/Dog toxic dose: 4379 mg/kg/80W- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
JIHTAB 20,46,1938
multiple/Dog toxic dose: 5169 mg/kg/91W- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
JIHTAB 20,46,1938
oral/Dog toxic dose: 94500 mg/kg/9Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
BJCAAI 44,892,1981
oral/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 33600 mg/kg/168W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
VOONC* 37,60,1991
oral/Dog toxic dose: 108 mg/kg/4YTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
LANCAO 2,286,1951
oral/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/2Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
JNCIAM 49,193,1972
oral/hamster lowest published toxic dose: 217 mg/kg/45W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
85DAAC 5,129,1966
oral/hamster toxic dose: 365 gm/kg/43W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
IMSUAI 35,564,1966
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 17 gm/kg/5Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
JNCIAM 42,825,1969
oral/mouse toxic dose: 31 gm/kg/2YTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
LANCAO 2,286,1951
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/8W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
TXAPA9 82,19,1986
oral/rabbit toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/5YTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
LANCAO 2,286,1951
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg/5YTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
LANCAO 2,286,1951
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 17100 mg/kg/57W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
BJCAAI 46,646,1982
oral/rat toxic dose: 16 gm/kg/52W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors
CNREA8 37,2943,1977
oral/rat toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/1Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors
JNCIAM 41,985,1968
parenteral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kgTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease
BECCAN 40,42,1962
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1600 mg/kg/40W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
VOONAW 15(2),71,1969
subcutaneous/mouse toxic dose: 80 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
ZEKBAI 58,56,1951
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6 gm/kg/60W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
VOONAW 20(8),69,1974
unreported route/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg/81WTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors
VOONAW 15(2),71,1969

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kgNTIS** AD277-689
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 727 mg/kg85JCAE -,466,1986
unreported route/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia
XPHBAO 271,176,1941

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Control as low as possibleDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 4,97,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 4,97,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 99,396,2010
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 100F,90,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 99,396,2010
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 100F,90,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 1IMSUDL 7,261,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 1IMEMDT 100F,90,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 1IMEMDT 99,396,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWKHZHAZ 12(2),85,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWADCSAJ 13,271,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWBLFSBY 24,253,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 44,1699,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,104,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 627,59,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 626,135,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTPAE7 19,1,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,649,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 733,39,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 752,99,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 762,37,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 94,93,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 33,179,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWVETOX* ,339,2018

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIACarcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.001 ppm (0.005 mg/m3), C1 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYceiling concentration 0.005 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN1 carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDcarcinogen, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENGroup A Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDcarc 1, JAN2011
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1109CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-cancer suspect agentCFRGBR 29,1910.1009,1987

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO beta-NAPHTHYLAMINE-airCarcinogen use 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1009NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 50065; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 10; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 275; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 265
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 50065; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 10; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 420

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-BALB/c-3T3; E coli polA without S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; SHE-clonal assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA with S9; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; N crassa-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Naphthylamines, 5518
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Known to be a human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #93
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018